R. Ibanez, M. de Leon, B. Lopez, J. C. Marrero, E. Padron
In this paper we introduce cohomology and homology theories for Nambu-Poisson manifolds. Also we study the relation between the existence of a duality for these theories and the vanishing of a particular Nambu-Poisson cohomology class, the modular class. The case of a regular Nambu-Poisson structure and some singular examples are discussed.
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The notion of Leibniz algebroid is introduced, and it is shown that each Nambu-Poisson manifold has associated a canonical Leibniz algebroid. This fact permits to define the modular class of a Nambu-Poisson manifold as an appropiate cohomology class, extending the well-known modular class of Poisson manifolds.
The theory of Nambu-Poisson structures on manifolds is extended to the context of Lie algebroids, in a natural way based on the Vinogradov bracket associated with Lie algebroid cohomology. We show that, under certain assumptions, any Nambu-Poisson structure on a Lie algebroid is decomposable.Also, we introduce the concept of a higher order Dirac structure on a Lie algebroid. This allows to describe both Nambu-Poisson structures on Lie algebroids and Dirac structures on manifolds in the same setting.
The paper provides a survey of known results on geometric aspects related to Nambu-Poisson brackets.
The tower of Kontsevich deformations for Nambu-Poisson structures on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$: dimension-specific micro-graph calculus
本文提出维度特定的微图演算，将旧顶点分解为含Casimir或Levi-Civita符号乘密度的子图，证明ℝ³上Nambu-行列式Poisson括号的Kontsevich四面体γ₃-流是Poisson上边缘，并构造其平凡化向量场。
We try to generalize the Poisson cohomology of a 2-dimensional Poisson manifold to the n-vectors on a n-dimensional manifold. We define several cohomologies and we compute locally some of them, in the case of germs at 0 of n-vectors on a real or complex vector field of dimension n.
We study the geometric and algebraic properties of the twisted Poisson structures on Lie algebroids, leading to a definition of their modular class and to an explicit determination of a representative of the modular class, in particular in the case of a twisted Poisson manifold.
After a brief summary of the main properties of Poisson manifolds and Lie algebroids in general, we survey recent work on the modular classes of Poisson and twisted Poisson manifolds, of Lie algebroids with a Poisson or twisted Poisson structure, and of Poisson-Nijenhuis manifolds. A review of the spinor approach to the modular class concludes the paper.
Kontsevich graphs act on Nambu-Poisson brackets, VI. Open problems
本文探讨Kontsevich图对Nambu-Poisson括号作用的开放问题，发现新的微分多项式恒等式。
We derive a formula for the the modular class of a Lie algebroid with a regular twisted Poisson structure in terms of a canonical Lie algebroid representation of the image of the Poisson map. We use this formula to compute the modular classes of Lie algebras with a twisted triangular r-matrix. The special case of r-matrices associated to Frobenius Lie algebras is also studied.
Kontsevich graphs act on Nambu--Poisson brackets, IV. When the invisible becomes crucial
研究Kontsevich图对Nambu括号作用的拓扑数据生成，探讨高维中隐形图对解的影响
Kontsevich graphs act on Nambu--Poisson brackets, V. Implementation
本文是系列第五部分，介绍如何使用 SageMath 包 gcaops，以实现前作中关于 Kontsevich 图流及四维上边缘验证的计算脚本。
We extend the Nambu bracket to 1-forms. Following the Poisson-Lie case, we define Nambu-Lie groups as Lie groups endowed with a multiplicative Nambu structure. A Lie group G with a Nambu structure P is a Nambu-Lie group iff P=0 at the unit and the Nambu bracket of left (right) invariant forms is left (right) invariant. We define a corresponding notion of a Nambu-Lie algebra. We give several examples of Nambu-Lie groups and algebras.
We outline the basic principles of canonical formalism for the Nambu mechanics---a generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics proposed by Yoichiro Nambu in 1973. It is based on the notion of Nambu bracket which generalizes the Poisson bracket to the multiple operation of higher order $n \geq 3$ on classical observables and is described by Hambu-Hamilton equations of motion given by $n-1$ Hamiltonians. We introduce the fundamental identity for the Nambu bracket which replaces Jacobi identity as a consistency condition for the dynamics. We show that Nambu structure of given order defines a family o…
We prove a property of the Poisson-Nijenhuis manifolds which yields new proofs of the bihamiltonian properties of the hierarchy of modular vector fields defined by Damianou and Fernandes.
Kontsevich graphs act on Nambu-Poisson brackets, I. New identities for Jacobian determinants
本文研究Kontsevich图对Nambu-Poisson括号的作用，证明图上闭链保持Nambu-Poisson类并推导其演化，分析不同维度下图流的平凡化问题，发现雅可比行列式的新恒等式。
Using the curved bc-beta-gamma system (a tensor product of a Heisenberg and a Clifford vertex algebra) we introduce quantum analogy of Lichnerowicz differential. As follows we suggest new machinery for finding the Lichnerowicz-Poisson cohomology groups for any Poisson manifold. Moreover, the defined provides new invariant. Keywords: Poisson manifold, Lichnerowicz differential, Chiral de Rham complex, cohomologies, vertex algebras, deformation theory, Nambu-Poisson bracket, n-Lie algebras, Gromov-Witten theory.
We introduce the modular class of a Poisson map. We look at several examples and we use the modular classes of Poisson maps to study the behavior of the modular class of a Poisson manifold under different kinds of reduction. We also discuss their symplectic groupoid version, which lives in groupoid cohomology.
We discuss a framework for quantizing a Poisson manifold via the quantization of its symplectic groupoid, that combines the tools of geometric quantization with the results of Renault's theory of groupoid C*-algebras. This setting allows very singular polarizations. In particular we consider the case when the modular function is "multiplicatively integrable", i.e. when the space of leaves of the polarization inherits a groupoid structure. If suitable regularity conditions are satisfied, then one can define the quantum algebra as the convolution algebra of the subgroupoid of leaves satisfying t…
We introduce linear holonomy on Poisson manifolds. The linear holonomy of a Poisson structure generalizes the linearized holonomy on a regular symplectic foliation. However, for singular Poisson structures the linear holonomy is defined for the lifts of tangential path to the cotangent bundle (cotangent paths). The linear holonomy is closely related to the modular class studied by A. Weinstein. Namely, the logarithm of the determinant of the linear holonomy is equal to the integral of the modular vector field along such a lift. This assertion relies on the notion of the integral of a vector fi…
We show that, for any regular Poisson manifold, there is an injective natural linear map from the first leafwise cohomology space into the first Poisson cohomology space which maps the Reeb class of the symplectic foliation to the modular class of the Poisson manifold. The Riemannian interpretation of those classes will permit us to show that a regular Poisson manifold whose symplectic foliation is of codimension one is unimodular if and only if its symplectic foliation is Riemannian foliation. It permit us also to construct examples of unimodular Poisson manifolds and other which are not unim…
The hidden symmetry of Kontsevich's graph flows on the spaces of Nambu-determinant Poisson brackets
本文证明Kontsevich图流保持Nambu-行列式Poisson括号类，发现其演化在第二上同调中平凡，并揭示构造中隐藏的离散对称性。
We inquire into the relation between the curl operators, the Poisson coboundary operators and contravariant derivatives on Poisson manifolds to study the theory of differential operators in Poisson geometry. Given an oriented Poisson manifold, we describe locally those two differential operators in terms of Poisson connection whose torsion is vanishing. Moreover, we introduce the notion of the modular operator for an oriented Poisson manifold. For a symplectic manifold, we describe explicitly the modular operator in terms of the curvature 2-section of Poisson connection, analogously to the Wei…
We study the behavior of the modular class of an orientable Poisson manifold and formulate some unimodularity criteria in the semilocal context, around a (singular) symplectic leaf. Our results generalize some known unimodularity criteria for regular Poisson manifolds related to the notion of the Reeb class. In particular, we show that the unimodularity of the transverse Poisson structure of the leaf is a necessary condition for the semilocal unimodular property. Our main tool is an explicit formula for a bigraded decomposition of modular vector fields of a coupling Poisson structure on a foli…
A Q-manifold is a supermanifold equipped with an odd vector field that squares to zero. The notion of the modular class of a Q-manifold -- which is viewed as the obstruction to the existence of a Q-invariant Berezin volume -- is not well know. We review the basic ideas and then apply this technology to various examples, including $L_{\infty}$-algebroids and higher Poisson manifolds.
Jacobi-Nijenhuis algebroids are defined as a natural generalization of Poisson-Nijenhuis algebroids, in the case where there exists a Nijenhuis operator on a Jacobi algebroid which is compatible with it. We study modular classes of Jacobi and Jacobi-Nijenhuis algebroids.
A log symplectic manifold is a complex manifold equipped with a complex symplectic form that has simple poles on a hypersurface. The possible singularities of such a hypersurface are heavily constrained. We introduce the notion of an elliptic point of a log symplectic structure, which is a singular point at which a natural transversality condition involving the modular vector field is satisfied, and we prove a local normal form for such points that involves the simple elliptic surface singularities $\tilde{E}_6,\tilde{E}_7$ and $\tilde{E}_8$. Our main application is to the classification of Po…
Let X(Σ) be a smooth projective toric variety for a complex torus T_\C. In this paper, a real T_\C-invariant Poisson structure Π_Σis constructed on the complex manifold X(Σ), the symplectic leaves of which are the T_\C-orbits in X(Σ). It is shown that each leaf admits a Hamiltonian action by a sub-torus of the compact torus T\subset T_\C. However, the global action of T_\C on (X(Σ),Π_Σ) is Poisson but not Hamiltonian. The main result of the paper is a lower bound for the first Poisson cohomology of these structures. For the simplest case, X(Σ)=\CP^1, the Poisson cohomology is computed using a …
Poisson geometrical aspects of the Tomita-Takesaki modular theory
本文研究任意 von Neumann 代数模理论中的泊松几何对象，通过标准形式实现构造希尔伯特空间的规范叶状结构，赋予其 Banach 流形结构，并揭示其作为 Banach-Lie 群胚与预对偶正锥上的作用群胚同构，同时探讨预辛形式的乘性及约化理论。
We connect Poisson and near-symplectic geometry by showing that there is a singular Poisson structure on a near-symplectic 4-manifold. The Poisson structure $π$ is defined on the tubular neighbourhood of the singular locus $Z_ω$ of the 2-form $ω$, it is of maximal rank 4 and it vanishes on a degeneracy set containing $Z_ω$. We compute its smooth Poisson cohomology, which depends on the modular vector field and it is finite dimensional. We conclude with a discussion on the relation between the Poisson structure $π$ and the overtwisted contact structure associated to a near-symplectic 4-manifold…
We identify the cotangent bundle Lie algebroid of a Poisson homogeneous space G/H of a Poisson Lie group G as a quotient of a transformation Lie algebroid over G. As applications, we describe the modular vector fields of G/H, and we identify the Poisson cohomology of G/H with coefficients in powers of its canonical line bundle with relative Lie algebra cohomology of the Drinfeld Lie algebra associated to G/H. We also construct a Poisson groupoid over G/H which is symplectic near the identity section. This note serves as preparation for forthcoming papers, in which we will compute explicitly th…
Let G be a finite dimensional simple complex group equipped with the standard Poisson Lie group structure. We show that all G-homogeneous (holomorphic) Poisson structures on $G/H$, where $H \subset G$ is a Cartan subgroup, come from solutions to the Classical Dynamical Yang-Baxter equations which are classified by Etingof and Varchenko. A similar result holds for the maximal compact subgroup K, and we get a family of K-homogeneous Poisson structures on $K/T$, where $T = K \cap H$ is a maximal torus of K. This family exhausts all K-homogeneous Poisson structures on $K/T$ up to isomorphisms. We …
We compute the Poisson cohomology of the one-parameter family of SU(2)-covariant Poisson structures on the homogeneous space S^{2}=CP^{1}=SU(2)/U(1), where SU(2) is endowed with its standard Poisson--Lie group structure,thus extending the result of Ginzburg \cite{Gin1} on the Bruhat--Poisson structure which is a member of this family. In particular, we compute several invariants of these structures, such as the modular class and the Liouville class. As a corollary of our computation, we deduce that these structures are nontrivial deformations of each other in the direction of the standard rota…
We extend the problem of finding Hamiltonian-invariant volume forms on a Poisson manifold to the problem of construction of Hamiltonian-invariant generalized functions. For this we introduce the notion of generalized center of a Poisson algebra, which is the space of generalized Casimir functions. We study as the case when the set of test-objects for generalized functions is the space of compactly supported smooth functions, so the case when the test-objects are n-forms, where n is the dimension of the Poisson manifold. We describe the relations of this problem with the homological properties …
We provide a general study for triangular dynamical r-matrices using Poisson geometry. We show that a triangular dynamical r-matrix always gives rise to a regular Poisson manifold. Using the Fedosov method, we prove that non-degenerate (i.e., the corresponding Poisson manifolds are symplectic) triangular dynamical r-matrices (over $ \frakh^* $ and valued in $\wedge^{2}\frakg$) are quantizable, and the quantization is classified by the relative Lie algebra cohomology $H^{2}(\frakg, \frakh)[[\hbar ]]$. We also generalize this quantization method to splittable triangular dynamical r-matrices, whi…
In the first section we discuss Morita invariance of differentiable/algebroid cohomology. In the second section we present an extension of the van Est isomorphism to groupoids. This immediately implies a version of Haefliger's conjecture for differentiable cohomology. As a first application we clarify the connection between differentiable and algebroid cohomology (proved in degree 1, and conjectured in degree 2 by Weinstein-Xu). As a second application we extend van Est's argument for the integrability of Lie algebras. Applied to Poisson manifolds, this immediately gives (a slight improvement …
Moser proved in 1965 in his seminal paper that two volume forms on a compact manifold can be conjugated by a diffeomorphism, that is to say they are equivalent, if and only if their associated cohomology classes in the top cohomology group of a manifold coincide. In particular, this yields a classification of compact symplectic surfaces in terms of De Rham cohomology. In this paper we generalize these results for volume forms admitting transversal zeroes. In this case there is also a cohomology capturing the classification: the relative cohomology with respect to the set of critical hypersurfa…
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