David H. Bailey, Jonathan M. Borwein, David M. Bradley
We document the discovery of two generating functions for the Riemann zeta values zeta(2n+2), analogous to earlier work for zeta(2n+1) and zeta(4n+3). This continues work initiated by Koecher and pursued further by Borwein, Bradley and others.
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We discuss some aspects of the search for identities using computer algebra and symbolic methods. The focus is on so-called Apery-like formulae for special values of the Riemann Zeta function. Much work lays ahead in formally proving and properly classifying many of the identities we have uncovered.
Some rapidly convergent formulae for special values of the Riemann zeta function are given. We obtain a generating function formula for zeta(4n+3) which generalizes Apery's series for zeta(3), and appears to give the best possible series relations of this type, at least for n<12. The formula reduces to a finite but apparently non-trivial combinatorial identity. The identity is equivalent to an interesting new integral evaluation for the central binomial coefficient. We outline a new technique for transforming and summing certain infinite series. We also derive a beautiful formula which provide…
In this paper, we study some Euler-Apéry-type series which involve central binomial coefficients and (generalized) harmonic numbers. In particular, we establish elegant explicit formulas of some series by iterated integrals and alternating multiple zeta values. Based on these formulas, we further show that some other series are reducible to ln(2), zeta values, and alternating multiple zeta values by considering the contour integrals related to gamma functions, polygamma functions and trigonometric functions. The evaluations of a large number of special Euler-Apéry-type series are presented as …
Curious identities involving Legendre polynomials and Apéry-like numbers
研究涉及勒让德多项式与类阿佩里数的恒等式，通过建立恒等式推导出新的超级同余式。
A generalization of the Apery-like numbers, which is used to describe the special values $ζ_Q(2)$ and $ζ_Q(3)$ of the spectral zeta function for the non-commutative harmonic oscillator, are introduced and studied. In fact, we give a recurrence relation for them, which shows a ladder structure among them. Further, we consider the `rational part' of the higher Apery-like numbers. We discuss several kinds of congruence relations among them, which are regarded as an analogue of the ones among Apery numbers.
Koecher in 1980 derived a method for obtaining identities for the Riemann zeta function at odd positive integers, including a classical result for $ζ(3)$ due to Markov and rediscovered by Apéry. In this paper we extend Koecher's method to a very general setting and prove two more specific but still rather general results. As applications we obtain infinite classes of identities for alternating Euler sums, further Markov-Apéry type identities, and identities for even powers of $π$
Apéry-Like Sums and Colored Multiple Zeta Values
本文综述类Apéry和（Apéry无理性证明中两个和的多变量推广）的近期进展，介绍其与有色多重Zeta值的关联及在多圈费曼图ε展开中的作用，总结计算方法并证明孙智伟的猜想恒等式。
In this paper, we formally introduce the notion of Ap{é}ry-like sums and we show that every multiple zeta values can be expressed as a $\bf Z$-linear combination of them. We even describe a canonical way to do so. This allows us to put in a new theoretical context several identities scattered in the literature, as well as to discover many new interesting ones. We give in this paper new integral formulas for multiple zeta values and Apéry-like sums. They enable us to give a short direct proof of Zagier's formulas for $ζ(2,\ldots,2,3,2,\ldots,2)$ as well as of similar ones in the context of Ap{é…
We derive an expression for the value $ζ_Q(3)$ of the spectral zeta function $ζ_Q(s)$ studied by Ichinose and Wakayama for the non-commutative harmonic oscillator defined in the work of Parmeggiani and Wakayama using a Gaussian hypergeometric function. In this study, two sequences of rational numbers, denoted $J_2(n)$ and $J_3(n)$, which can be regarded as analogues of the Apéry numbers, naturally arise and play a key role in obtaining the expressions for the values $ζ_Q(2)$ and $ζ_Q(3)$. We also show that the numbers $J_2(n)$ and $J_3(n)$ have congruence relations like those of the Apéry numb…
Identities and congruences involving orthogonal polynomials and Apéry-like numbers
本文建立三项递推序列的一般恒等式，应用于正交多项式和Apéry类数，给出相关恒等式与同余式。
We describe a general method to determine the Apery limits of a differential equation that have a modular-function origin. As a by-product of our analysis, we discover a family of identities involving the special values of L-functions associated with modular forms. The proof of these identities is independent of differential equations and Apery limits.
In this paper, Riemann's Zeta function with odd positive integer argument is represented as an infinite summation of integer powers of $π$ with rational coefficients. Specific values for Apery's Constant and Catalan's Constant are then derived.
On the Proof of the Genčev-Rucki Conjecture for Multiple Apéry-Like Series
本文用超几何函数和迭代积分方法证明了Genčev-Rucki关于多重类Apéry级数的猜想，并推广了相关恒等式，将多重混合值用Riemann zeta值显式表示。
Contour Integration and Cyclotomic Apéry-Like Series Involving Generalized Binomial Coefficients
本文通过轮廓积分方法研究了一类涉及广义二项式系数的 cyclotomic 阿佩里型级数，推导出多重 polylogarithms 等表达式，并恢复了一些已知结果。
By means of partial fraction method, we investigate the decomposition of rational functions. Several striking identities on harmonic numbers and generalized Apery numbers will be established, including the binomial-harmonic number identity associated with Beukers' conjecture on Apery numbers.
This monograph is intended to be considered as my habilitation (D.Sc.) thesis; because of that and as everything has already appeared in English, it is performed exclusively in Russian. The monograph comprises a detailed introduction and seven chapters that represent part of my work influenced by Apéry's proof from 1978 of the irrationality of $ζ(2)$ and $ζ(3)$, the values of Riemann's zeta function. Chapter 1 is about "at least one of the four numbers $ζ(5)$, $ζ(7)$, $ζ(9)$ and $ζ(11)$ is irrational" (based in part on arXiv:math.NT/0206176). Chapter 2 explains a connection between the general…
By application of the Markov-WZ method, we prove a more general form of a bivariate generating function identity containing, as particular cases, Koecher's and Almkvist-Granville's Apéry-like formulae for odd zeta values. As a consequence, we get a new identity producing Apéry-like series for all $ζ(2n+4m+3),$ $n,m\ge 0,$ convergent at the geometric rate with ratio $2^{-10}.$
There are only aleph-zero rational numbers, while there are 2 to the power aleph-zero real numbers. Hence the probability that a randomly chosen real number would be rational is 0. Yet proving rigorously that any specific, natural, real constant, is irrational is usually very hard, witness that there are still no proofs of the irrationality of the Euler-Mascheroni constant, the Catalan constant, or Zeta(5). Inspired by Frits Beukers' elegant rendition of Apery's seminal proofs of the irrationality of Zeta(2) and Zeta(3), and heavily using algorithmic proof theory, we systematically searched fo…
It is known that the numbers which occur in Apery's proof of the irrationality of zeta(2) have many interesting congruence properties while the associated generating function satisfies a second order differential equation. We prove supercongruences for a generalization of numbers which arise in Beukers' and Zagier's study of integral solutions of Apery-like differential equations.
A Note on Sun's Conjectures on Apéry-like Sums Involving Lucas Sequences and Harmonic Numbers
本文利用Davydychev--Kalmykov的相关结果，证明了Zhi-Wei Sun提出的关于涉及Lucas序列与调和数的类Apéry和的四个猜想恒等式。
Weighted bilinear identities and supercongruences for Apéry-like polynomials
本文为两类Apéry型多项式建立加权双线性求和恒等式，结合端点值同余式得到模p^3和p^4的超同余式及特殊求值，并证实了Sun的一个猜想。
Evaluating Six Apéry-like Series of Weight $5$
本文以闭式形式评估六个新的权重为 $5$ 的 Apéry 型级数，利用生成函数和恒等式将其转化为含对数三角函数的积分并求解。
In this article, we study special values of the Dedekind zeta function over an imaginary quadratic field. The values of the Dedekind zeta function at any even integer over any totally real number field is quite well known in literature. In fact, in one of the famous article, Zagier obtained an explicit formula for Dedekind zeta function at point 2 and conjectured an identity at any even values over any number field. We here exhibit the identities for both even and odd values of the Dedekind zeta function over an imaginary quadratic field which are analogous to Ramanujan's identities for even a…
Some integral identities involving the Riemann zeta function and functions reciprocal in a kernel involving the Bessel functions $J_{z}(x), Y_{z}(x)$ and $K_{z}(x)$ are studied. Interesting special cases of these identities are derived, one of which is connected to a well-known transformation due to Ramanujan, and Guinand.
We prove formulas for special values of the Ramanujan tau zeta function. Our formulas show that $L(Δ, k)$ is a period in the sense of Kontsevich and Zagier when $k\ge12$. As an illustration, we reduce $L(Δ, k)$ to explicit integrals of hypergeometric and algebraic functions when $k\in\{12,13,14,15\}$.
By using the Wilf-Zeilberger method, we prove a novel finite combinatorial identity related to a bivariate generating function for $ζ(2+r+2s)$ (an extension of a Bailey-Borwein-Bradley Apery-like formula for even zeta values). Such identity is then applied to show several supercongruences.
Eta-products, Eichler integrals, and the level-8 Apery limit
本文通过eta积方法重新推导了水平8的Apery极限，验证了Wronskian恒等式、Eichler积分的归一化以及Fricke周期多项式的残差计算。
Following Apery's proof of the irrationality of zeta(3), Beukers found an elegant reinterpretation of Apery's arguments using modular forms. We show how Beukers arguments can be adapted to a p-adic setting. In this context, certain functional equations arising from Eichler integrals are replaced by the notion of overconvergent p-adic modular forms, and the periods themselves arise not as coefficients of period polynomials but as constant terms of p-adic Eisenstein series. We prove that the analogue of zeta(3) is irrational for p = 2 and 3, as well as the 2-adic analogue of Catalan's constant.
We show that each member of a doubly infinite sequence of highly nonlinear expressions of Bernoulli polynomials, which can be seen as linear combinations of certain higher-order convolutions, is a multiple of a specific product of linear factors. The special case of Bernoulli numbers has important applications in the study of multiple Tornheim zeta functions. The proof of the main result relies on properties of Eulerian polynomials and higher-order Bernoulli polynomials.
A $q$-analogue of the Koecher-Leshchiner generating function of odd zeta values
本文推导了奇ζ值生成函数的q-类比，提供了Apéry证明ζ(3)无理数性所用加速级数的q-版本。
Closed-form evaluations of log-sine integrals and Apéry-like sums in terms of polylogarithms
本文提出一种基于多对数生成函数与正弦积分恒等式的新方法，系统求值广义对数正弦积分，得到闭式表达式，并推广出众多类阿佩里公式及双曲类比，扩展了已有结果。
There has been an avalanche of recent research on multiple zeta values. We propose dividing identities for multiple zeta values into structural and specific types. Structural identities are valid for any generalized multiple zeta function, and we systematically investigate them through symmetric functions. Specific identities are only valid for a specific zeta function, and we show how these can be used in conjunction with structural identities to find closed form multiple zeta values. This allows us to interpret generalized multiple zeta values as the moments of a random variable, which we ch…
In 1998, Borwein, Bradley, Broadhurst and Lisoněk posed two families of conjectural identities among multiple zeta values, later generalized by Charlton using his alternating block notation. In this paper, we prove a new class of identities among multiple zeta values that simultaneously resolve and generalize these conjectures.
We prove an identity for multiple zeta star values, which generalises some identities due to Imatomi, Tanaka, Tasaka and Wakabayashi. This identity gives an analogue of cyclic insertion type identities, for multiple zeta star values, and connects the block decomposition with Zhao's generalised 2-1 formula.
The purpose of the present paper is to study the number theoretic properties of the special values of the spectral zeta functions of the non-commutative harmonic oscillator (NcHO), especially in relation to modular forms and elliptic curves from the viewpoint of Fuchsian differential equations, and deepen the understanding of the spectrum of the NcHO. We study first the general expression of special values of the spectral zeta function $ζ_Q(s)$ of the NcHO at $s=n$ $(n=2,3,\dots)$ and then the generating and meta-generating functions for Apéry-like numbers defined through the analysis of speci…
Some identities for the Riemann zeta-function are proved, using properties of the Mellin transform and Müntz's identity.
We consider generalised root identities for zeta functions of curves over finite fields, ζ_{k}, and compare with the corresponding analysis for the Riemann zeta function. We verify numerically that, as for ζ, the ζ_{k} do satisfy the generalised root identities and we investigate these in detail for the special cases of μ=0,-1\:\&\:-2. Unlike for ζ, however, we show that in the setting of zeta functions of curves over finite fields the μ=-2 root identity is consistent with the Riemann hypothesis (RH) proved by Weil. Comparison of this analysis with the corresponding calculations for ζilluminat…
New identities for the family of Zeta function by using distributional representations
本研究借鉴Chaudhry和Qadir用于伽马函数的分布表示方法，将其应用于黎曼Zeta函数及其函数族，得到了新的恒等式，还顺带推导出涉及Dirichlet eta与Lambda函数的新恒等式，拓展了该方法的适用范围。
In this paper we prove some new identities for multiple zeta values and multiple zeta star values of arbitrary depth by using the methods of integral computations of logarithm function and iterated integral representations of series. By applying these formulas, we can prove that multiple zeta star values whose indices are the sequences $(\bar 1,\{1\}_m,\bar 1)$ and $(2,\{1\}_m,\bar 1)$ can be expressed polynomially in terms of zeta values, polylogarithms and $\ln2$. Finally, we also evaluate several restricted sum formulas involving multiple zeta values.
We show how infinite series of a certain type involving generalized harmonic numbers can be computed using a knowledge of symmetric functions and multiple zeta values. In particular, we prove and generalize some identities recently conjectured by J. Choi, and give several more families of identities of a similar nature.
In this paper, we consstruct a new extended q-Bernoulli numbers and poly nomials. From these numbers, we derive the multiple zeta functions and give some relations between multiple Bernoulli numbers and multiple zeta functions.
Several identities for the Riemann zeta-function $ζ(s)$ are proved. For example, if $s = σ+ it$ and $σ> 0$, then $$ \int_{-\infty}^\infty |{(1-2^{1-s})ζ(s)\over s}|^2dt = {π\overσ}(1 - 2^{1-2σ})ζ(2σ). $$
We obtain several expansions for $ζ(s)$ involving a sequence of polynomials in $s$, denoted in this paper by $α_k(s)$. These polynomials can be regarded as a generalization of Stirling numbers of the first kind and our identities extend some series expansions for the zeta function that are known for integer values of $s$. The expansions also give a different approach to the analytic continuation of the Riemann zeta function.
Ramanujan-type identities for alternating Hurwitz zeta functions
将拉马努金关于\(\zeta(2n + 1)\)的恒等式扩展到交错赫维茨zeta函数，研究其在不同模对称条件下性质及对应恒等式，还建立相关函数无穷级数表达式与变换公式。
Riemann zeta values are generalized to multiple zeta values (MZVs) by use of nested sums, and MZVs are generalized to regularized multiple zeta values (RMZVs) by regularization of divergent infinite series. In the present paper, we prove congruence identities of RMZVs of depth $n$ involving a pair of index sets; the congruence relation is given by the vector space spanned by MZVs of depth $n-1$ and products of MZVs. We also obtain a proof of the parity result, and a congruence sum formula for MZVs.
We study some classical identities for multiple zeta values and show that they still hold for zeta functions built on the zeros of an arbitrary function. We introduce the complementary zeta function of a system, which naturally occurs when lifting identities for multiple zeta values to identities for quasisymmetric functions.
We study a general type of series and relate special cases of it to Stirling series, infinite series discussed by Choi and Hoffman, and also to special values of the Arakawa-Kaneko zeta function, complementing and generalizing earlier results. Moreover, we survey properties of certain truncated multiple zeta and zeta star values, pointing out their relation to finite sums of harmonic numbers. We also discuss the duality result of Hoffman, relating binomial sums and truncated multiple zeta star values.
The Riemann zeta function and exact exponential sum identities of divisor functions
本文证明了一个计算两个移位黎曼zeta函数乘积的显式积分公式，由此推导出涉及除数函数的无穷族精确指数和恒等式，并提出了无需算术技巧的矩阵求逆计算除数函数的推测性方法。
The main object of this paper is to obtain several symmetric properties of the q-Zeta type functions. As applications of these properties, we give some new interesting identities for the modified q-Genocchi polynomials. Finally, our applications are shown to lead to a number of interesting results which we state in the present paper.
We derive several identities for the Hurwitz and Riemann zeta functions, the Gamma function, and Dirichlet $L$-functions. They involve a sequence of polynomials $α_k(s)$ whose study was initiated in an earlier paper. The expansions given here are practical and can be used for the high precision evaluation of these functions, and for deriving formulas for special values. We also present a summation formula and use it to generalize a formula of Hasse.
Based on the notion of Stark units we present a new approach that obtains refinements of log-algebraic identities for Anderson t-modules. As a consequence, we establish a generalization of Chang's theorem on logarithmic interpretations for special characteristic p multiple zeta values (MZV's) and recover many earlier results in this direction. Further, we devise a direct and conceptual way to get logarithmic interpretations for both MZV's and v-adic MZV's. This generalizes completely the work of Anderson and Thakur for Carlitz zeta values.
In this paper, we give identities involving cyclic sums of regularized multiple zeta values of depth less than $5$. As a corollary, we present two kinds of extensions of Hoffman's theorem for symmetric sums of multiple zeta values for this case.
In this paper we present a new family of identities for multiple harmonic sums which generalize a recent result of Hessami Pilehrood et al. We then apply it to obtain a family of identities relating multiple zeta star values to alternating Euler sums. In such a typical identity the entries of the multiple zeta star values consist of blocks of arbitrarily long 2-strings separated by positive integers greater than two while the largest depth of the alternating Euler sums depends only on the number of 2-string blocks but not on their lengths.
The main aim of this paper is to investigate and introduce relations between the numbers of k-ary Lyndon words and unified zeta-type functions which was defined by Ozden et al [15, p. 2785]. Finally, we give some identities on generating functions for the numbers of k-ary Lyndon words and some special numbers and polynomials such as the Apostol-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, Frobenius-Euler numbers, Euler numbers and Bernoulli numbers.
Algebraic identities among $q$- analogue of Euler double zeta values
本文探究另一类q-双重zeta函数变体及其星型变体的恒等式，借助q>1的Nielsen反射公式q-模拟，研究相关恒等式，分析参数趋于0的行为并与经典情形对比，还讨论Mordell-Tornheim r重zeta函数q-模拟及其与q-双重zeta函数的关系。
In a recent work on Euler-type formulae for even Dirichlet beta values, i.e. $β{(2n)}$, I have derived an exact closed-form expression for a class of zeta series. From this result, I have conjectured closed-form summations for two families of zeta series. Here in this work, I begin by using a known formula by Wilton to prove those conjectures. As example of applications, some special cases are explored, yielding rapidly converging series representations for the Apéry constant, $ζ(3)$, and the Catalan constant, $G = β(2)$. Interestingly, our series for $\,ζ(3)\,$ converges faster than that used…
A new integral representation for the Riemann zeta function is derived. This representation covers the important region of the complex plane where the real part of the argument of the function lies between 0 and 1. Using this representation, we obtain new functional identities for the Riemann zeta function.
We derive an explicit expression for an inverse power series over the gaps values of numerical semigroups generated by two integers. It implies a set of new identities for the Hurwitz zeta function.
We define a class of expressions for the multiple zeta function, and show how to determine whether an expression in the class vanishes identically. The class of such identities, which we call partition identities, is shown to coincide with the class of identities that can be derived as a consequence of the stuffle multiplication rule for multiple zeta values.
In recent years, there has been intensive research on the ${\mathbb Q}$-linear relations between multiple zeta (star) values. In this paper, we prove many families of identities involving the $q$-analog of these values, from which we can always recover the corresponding classical identities by taking $q\to 1$. The main result of the paper is the duality relations between multiple zeta star values and Euler sums and their $q$-analogs, which are generalizations of the Two-one formula and some multiple harmonic sum identities and their $q$-analogs proved by the authors recently. Such duality rela…
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