We introduce representations of the Cuntz algebra $\con$ which are parameterized by sequences in the set of unit vectors in ${\bf C}^{N}$. These representations are natural generalizations of permutative representations by Bratteli-Jorgensen and Davidson-Pitts. We show their existence, irreducibility, equivalence, uniqueness of irreducible decomposition and decomposition formulae by using parameters of representations.
We generalize permutative representations of the Cuntz algebras for the \cka\ $\coa$ for any $A$. We characterize cyclic permutative representations by notions of cycle and chain, and show their existence and uniqueness. We show necessary and sufficient conditions for their irreducibility and equivalence. In consequence, we have a complete classification of permutative representations of $\coa$. Furthermore we show decomposition formulae and that the uniqueness of irreducible decomposition holds for permutative representation.
Bosons and fermions are described by using canonical generators of Cuntz algebras on any permutative representation. We show a fermionization of bosons which universally holds on any permutative representation of the Cuntz algebra ${\cal O}_{2}$. As examples, we show fermionizations on the Fock space and the infinite wedge.
We show a correspondence between simple continued fraction expansions of irrational numbers and irreducible permutative representations of the Cuntz algebra ${\cal O}_{\infty}$. With respect to the correspondence, it is shown that the equivalence of real numbers with respect to modular transformations is equivalent to the unitary equivalence of representations. Furthermore, we show that quadratic irrationals are related to irreducible permutative representations of ${\cal O}_{\infty}$ with a cycle.
A unitary equivalence class of endomorphisms of a unital C$^{*}$-algebra ${\cal A}$ is called a {\it sector} of ${\cal A}$. We introduced permutative endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebra ${\cal O}_N$ in the previous work. Branching laws of permutative representations of ${\cal O}_N$ by them are computed by directed regular graphs. In this article, we classify sectors associated with permutative endomorphisms of ${\cal O}_N$ by their graph invariants concretely.
We introduce a nonsymmetric, associative tensor product among representations of Cuntz algebras by using embeddings. We show the decomposition formulae of tensor products for permutative representations explicitly We apply decomposition formulae to determine properties of endomorphisms.
The notion of permutative representation is generalized to the $2$-adic ring $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{Q}_{2}$. Permutative representations of $\mathcal{Q}_2$ are then investigated with a particular focus on the inclusion of the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_2\subset\mathcal{Q}_2$. Notably, every permutative representation of $\mathcal{O}_2$ is shown to extend automatically to a permutative representation of $\mathcal{Q}_2$ provided that an extension whatever exists. Moreover, all permutative extensions of a given representation of $\mathcal{O}_2$ are proved to be unitarily equivalent to one anothe…
We give a notion of branching systems on ultragraphs. From this we build concrete representations of ultragraph C*-algebras on the bounded linear operators of Hilbert spaces. To each branching system of an ultragraph we describe the associated Perron-Frobenius operator in terms of the induced representation. We show that every permutative representation of an ultragraph C*-algebra is unitary equivalent to a representation arising from a branching system. We give a sufficient condition on ultragraphs such that a large class of representations of the C*-algebras of these ultragraphs is permutati…
Bosons and fermions are often written by elements of other algebras. M. Abe gave a recursive realization of the boson by formal infinite sums of the canonical generators of the Cuntz algebra ${\cal O}_{\infty}$. We show that such formal infinite sum always makes sense on a certain dense subspace of any permutative representation of ${\cal O}_{\infty}$. In this meaning, we can regard as if the algebra ${\cal B}$ of bosons was a unital $*$-subalgebra of ${\cal O}_{\infty}$ on a given permutative representation by keeping their unboundedness. By this relation, we compute branching laws arising fr…
Noncommutative topological entropy estimates are obtained for polynomial gauge invariant endomorphisms of Cuntz algebras, generalising known results for the canonical shift endomorphisms. Exact values for the entropy are computed for a class of permutative endomorphisms related to branching function systems introduced and studied by Bratteli, Jorgensen and Kawamura.
A complete description is provided for the unitary normalizer of the diagonal Cartan subalgebra $\mathcal{D}_2$ in the $2$-adic ring $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{Q}_2$, which generalizes and unifies analogous results for Cuntz and Bunce-Deddens algebras. Furthermore, the inclusion $\mathcal{O}_2\subset\mathcal{Q}_2$ is proved not to be regular. Finally, countably many novel permutative endomorphisms of $\mathcal{Q}_2$ are exhibited with prescribed images of the generator $U$.
Representations of the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_N$ are constructed from interval dynamical systems associated with slow continued fraction algorithms introduced by Giovanni Panti. Their irreducible decomposition formulas are characterized by using the modular group action on real numbers, as a generalization of results by Kawamura, Hayashi and Lascu. Furthermore, a certain symmetry of such an interval dynamical system is interpreted as a covariant representation of the $C^*$--dynamical system ofthe `flip-flop' automorphism of $\mathcal{O}_2$.
In our previous articles, we have presented a class of endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebras which are defined by polynomials of canonical generators and their conjugates. We showed the classification of some case under unitary equivalence by help of branching laws of permutative representations. In this article, we construct an automaton which is called the Mealy machine associated with the endomorphism in order to compute its branching law. We show that the branching law is obtained as outputs from the machine for the input of information of a given representation.
Bosons and fermions are described by using canonical generators of Cuntz algebras on any permutative representation. According to branching laws associated with these descriptions, a certain representation of the Cuntz algebra $\co{2}$ induces Fock representations ${\cal H}_{B}$ and ${\cal H}_{F}$ of bosons and fermions simultaneously. From this, a unitary operator $U$ from ${\cal H}_{B}$ to ${\cal H}_{F}$ is obtained. We show the explicit formula of the action of $U$ on the standard basis of ${\cal H}_{B}$. It is shown that $U$ preserves the particle number of ${\cal H}_{B}$ and ${\cal H}_{F}…
To a representation of $Ø_N$ (the Cuntz algebra with $N$ generators) we associate a projection valued measure and we study the case when this measure has atoms. The main technical tool are the spaces invariant for all the operators $S_i^*$. We classify the purely atomic representations and find when such representations are permutative. Applications include: wavelet representations, representations generated by finitely correlated states, representation associated to Hadamard triples (or fractal spectral measures) and representations associated to generalized Walsh bases.
We survey recent results on endomorphisms and especially on automorphisms of the Cuntz algebras O_n, with a special emphasis on the structure of the Weyl group. We discuss endomorphisms globally preserving the diagonal MASA and their corresponding actions. In particular, we investigate those endomorphisms of O_n which restrict to automorphisms of the diagonal. We review a combinatorial approach to the study of permutative endomorphisms. All the presented material is put in context with current research topics.
Every representation of the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_n$ leads to a unitary representation of the Higman-Thompson group $V_n$. We consider the family $\{π_x\}_{x\in [0,1[}$ of permutative representations of $\mathcal{O}_n$ that arise from the interval map $f(x)=nx$ (mod 1) acting on the Hilbert space that underlies each orbit, and then study the unitary equivalence and the irreducibility of the corresponding family $\{ρ_x\}_{x\in [0,1[}$ of representations of Higman-Thompson group $V_n$, showing that that these representations are indeed irreducible and moreover $ρ_x$ and $ρ_y$ are equivalent…
This mainly expository article is devoted to recent advances in the study of dynamical aspects of the Cuntz algebras O_n, with n finite, via their automorphisms and, more generally, endomorphisms. A combinatorial description of permutative automorphisms of O_n in terms of labeled, rooted trees is presented. This in turn gives rise to an algebraic characterization of the restricted Weyl group of O_n. It is shown how this group is related to certain classical dynamical systems on the Cantor set. An identification of the image in Out(O_n) of the restricted Weyl group with the group of automorphis…
The Weyl group of the Cuntz algebra O_n, with n finite, is investigated. This is (isomorphic to) the group of polynomial automorphisms of O_n, namely those induced by unitaries that can be written as finite sums of words in the canonical generating isometries and their adjoints. A necessary and sufficient algorithmic combinatorial condition is found for deciding when a polynomial endomorphism restricts to an automorphism of the canonical diagonal MASA. Some steps towards a general criterion for invertibility of such endomorphisms on the whole of O_n are also taken. A condition for verifying in…
Let A be a C*-algebra and I a closed two-sided ideal of A. We use the Hilbert C*-modules picture of the Cuntz semigroup to investigate the relations between the Cuntz semigroups of I, A and A/I. We obtain a relation on two elements of the Cuntz semigroup of A that characterizes when they are equal in the Cuntz semigroup of A/I. As a corollary, we show that the Cuntz semigroup functor is exact. Replacing the Cuntz equivalence relation of Hilbert modules by their isomorphism, we obtain a generalization of Kasparov's Stabilization theorem.
To each discrete product system E of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces we associate a C*-algebra O_E. When E is the n-dimensional product system over N, O_E is the Cuntz algebra O_n, and the irrational rotation algebras appear as O_E for certain one-dimensional product systems over N^2. We give conditions which ensure that O_E is simple, purely infinite, and nuclear. Our main examples are the lexicographic product systems, for which we obtain slightly stronger results.
Various generalizations of Cuntz algebras and their relations to symmetry and duality are reviewed. New generalized Cuntz algebras are associated with a subfactor. A characteristic Hilbert space of basic invariants (with respect to the generalized symmetry) within these algebras is discussed.
In this monograph we undertake a comprehensive study of separable representations (as well as their unitary equivalence classes) of $C^*$-algebras associated to strongly connected finite $k$-graphs $Λ$. We begin with the representations associated to the $Λ$-semibranching function systems introduced by Farsi, Gillaspy, Kang, and Packer in \cite{FGKP}, by giving an alternative characterization of these systems which is more easily verified in examples. We present a variety of such examples, one of which we use to construct a new faithful separable representation of any row-finite source-free $k…
We present a uniqueness theorem for k-graph C*-algebras that requires neither an aperiodicity nor a gauge invariance assumption. Specifically, we prove that for the injectivity of a representation of a k-graph C*-algebra, it is sufficient that the representation be injective on a distinguished abelian C*-subalgebra. A crucial part of the proof is the application of an abstract uniqueness theorem, which says that such a uniqueness property follows from the existence of a jointly faithful collection of states on the ambient C*-algebra, each of which is the unique extension of a state on the dist…
For a continuous field of the Cuntz algebra over a finite CW complex, we introduce a topological invariant, which is an element in Dadarlat-Pennig's generalized cohomology group, and prove that the invariant is trivial if and only if the field comes from a vector bundle via Pimsner's construction.
Given a zero-one matrix A we consider certain one-parameter groups of automorphisms of the Cuntz-Krieger algebra O_A, generalizing the usual gauge group, and depending on a positive continuous function H defined on the Markov space Σ_A. The main result consists of an application of Ruelle's Perron-Frobenius Theorem to show that these automorphism groups admit a single KMS state.
We construct a functor that maps $C^*$-correspondences to their Cuntz-Pimsner algebras. The objects in our domain category are $C^*$-correspondences, and the morphisms are the isomorphism classes of $C^*$-correspondences satisfying certain conditions. As an application, we recover a well-known result of Muhly and Solel. In fact, we show that functoriality leads us to a more generalized result: strongly Morita equivalent $C^*$-correspondences have Morita equivalent Cuntz-Pimsner algebras.
In this paper, we study a family of $C^*$-subalgebras defined by fixed points of generalized gauge actions of a Cuntz-Krieger algebra, by introducing a family of étale groupoids whose associated $C^*$-algebras are these $C^*$-subalgebras. We know that topological conjugacy classes of one-sided topological Markov shifts are characterized in terms of the isomorphism classes of these étale groupoids.
We give a construction of a nuclear $C^\ast$-algebra associated with an amalgamated free product of groups, generalizing Spielberg's construction of a certain Cuntz-Krieger algebra associated with a finitely generated free product of cyclic groups. Our nuclear $C^\ast$-algebras can be identified with certain Cuntz-Krieger-Pimsner algebras. We will also show that our algebras can be obtained by the crossed product construction of the canonical actions on the hyperbolic boundaries, which proves a special case of Adams' result about amenability of the boundary action for hyperbolic groups. We wil…
We first observe that the relations of the canonical generating isometries of the Cuntz algebra ${\cal O}_N$ are naturally related to the $N$-colored Catalan numbers. For a directed graph $G$, we generalize the Catalan numbers by using the canonical generating partial isometries of the Cuntz-Krieger algebra ${\cal O}_{A^G}$ for the transition matrix $A^G$ of $G$. The generalized Catalan numbers $c_n^G, n=0,1,2,...$ enumerate the number of Dyck paths and oriented rooted trees for the graph $G$. Its generating functions will be studied.
Let $A$ be a separable simple exact ${\cal Z}$-stable $C^*$-algebra. We show that the unitay group of ${\tilde A}$ has the cancellation property. If $A$ has continuous scale, the Cuntz semigroup of $\tilde A$ has the strict comparison property and a weak cancellation property. Let $C$ be a 1-dimensional non-commutative CW complex with $K_1(C)=\{0\}.$ Suppose that $λ: {\rm Cu}^\sim(C)\to {\rm Cu}^\sim(A)$ is a morphism in Cuntz semigroups which is strictly positive. Then there exists a sequence of homomorphisms $ϕ_n: C\to A$ such that $\lim_{n\to\infty}{\rm Cu}^\sim(ϕ_n)=λ.$ This result leads t…
We prove that if two nonnegative matrices are strong shift equivalent, the associated stable Cuntz-Krieger algebras with generalized gauge actions are conjugate. The proof is done by a purely functional analytic method and based on constructing imprimitivity bimodule from bipartite directed graphs through strong shift equivalent matrices, so that we may clarify K-theoretic behavior of the stable conjugacy between the associated stable Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We also examine our machinery for the matrices obtained by state splitting graphs, so that topological conjugacy of the topological Marko…
For an irreducible non-permutation matrix $A$, the triplet $({\mathcal{O}_A},{\mathcal{D}_A},ρ^A)$ for the Cuntz-Krieger algebra ${\mathcal{O}_A}$, its canonical maximal abelian $C^*$-subalgebra ${\mathcal{D}_A}$, and its gauge action $ρ^A$ is called the Cuntz-Krieger triplet. We introduce a notion of strong Morita equivalence in the Cuntz-Krieger triplets, and prove that two Cuntz-Krieger triplets $({\mathcal{O}_A},{\mathcal{D}_A},ρ^A)$ and $({\mathcal{O}_B},{\mathcal{D}_B},ρ^B)$ are strong Morita equivalent if and only if $A$ and $B$ are strong shift equivalent. We also show that the general…
We compute the K-groups of C^*-algebras arising from one-dimensional generalized solenoids. The results show that Ruelle algebras from one-dimensional generalized solenoids are one-dimensional generalizations of Cuntz-Krieger algebras.
Given a dynamical system $(A,\al)$ where $A$ is a unital $\ca$-algebra and $\al$ is a (possibly non-unital) *-endomorphism of $A$, we examine families $(π,\{T_i\})$ such that $π$ is a representation of $A$, $\{T_i\}$ is a Toeplitz-Cuntz family and a covariance relation holds. We compute a variety of non-selfadjoint operator algebras that depend on the choice of the covariance relation, along with the smallest $\ca$-algebra they generate, namely the $\ca$-envelope. We then relate each occurrence of the $\ca$-envelope to (a full corner of) an appropriate twisted crossed product. We provide a cou…
Pure infiniteness (in sense of E.Kirchberg and M.Rørdam) is considered for C*-algebras arising from singly generated dynamical systems. In particular, Cuntz-Krieger algebras and their generalizations, i.e., graph-algebras and O_A of an infinite matrix A, admit characterizations of pure infiniteness. As a consequence, these generalized Cuntz-Krieger algebras are traceless if and only if they are purely infinite. Also, a characterization of AF-algebras among these C*-algebras is given. In the case of graph-algebras of locally finite graphs, characterizations of stability are obtained.
We produce a variety of odd bounded Fredholm modules and odd spectral triples on Cuntz-Krieger algebras by means of realizing these algebras as "the algebra of functions on a non-commutative space" coming from a sub shift of finite type. We show that any odd $K$-homology class can be represented by such an odd bounded Fredholm module or odd spectral triple. The odd bounded Fredholm modules that are constructed are finitely summable. The spectral triples are $θ$-summable although their bounded transform, when constructed using the sign-function, will already on the level of analytic $K$-cycles …
From a planar algebra, we give a functorial construction to produce numerous associated $C^*$-algebras. Our main construction is a Hilbert $C^*$-bimodule with a canonical real subspace which produces Pimsner-Toeplitz, Cuntz-Pimsner, and generalized free semicircular $C^*$-algebras. By compressing this system, we obtain various canonical $C^*$-algebras, including Doplicher-Roberts algebras, Guionnet-Jones-Shlyakhtenko algebras, universal (Toeplitz-)Cuntz-Krieger algebras, and the newly introduced free graph algebras. This is the first article in a series studying canonical $C^*$-algebras associ…
We develop a notion of a generalized Cuntz-Krieger family of projections and partial isometries where the range of the partial isometries need not have trivial intersection. We associate to these generalized Cuntz-Krieger families a directed graph, with a coloring function on the edge set. We call such a directed graph an edge-colored directed graph. We then study the $C^*$-algebras and the non-selfadjoint operator algebras associated to edge-colored directed graphs. These algebras arise as free products of directed graph algebras with amalgamation. We then determine the $C^*$-envelopes for a …
In a number of recent papers, the idea of generalized boundaries has found use in fractal and in multiresolution analysis; many of the papers having a focus on specific examples. Parallel with this new insight, and motivated by quantum probability, there has also been much research which seeks to study fractal and multiresolution structures with the use of certain systems of non-commutative operators; non-commutative harmonic/stochastic analysis. This in turn entails combinatorial, graph operations, and branching laws. The most versatile, of these non-commutative algebras are the Cuntz algebra…
We classify certain $\mathbb{Z}_2 $-graded extensions of generalized Haagerup categories in terms of numerical invariants satisfying polynomial equations. In particular, we construct a number of new examples of fusion categories, including: $\mathbb{Z}_2 $-graded extensions of $\mathbb{Z}_{2n} $ generalized Haagerup categories for all $n \leq 5 $; $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2 $-graded extensions of the Asaeda-Haagerup categories; and extensions of the $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2 $ generalized Haagerup category by its outer automorphism group $A_4 $. The construction uses endomorphis…
We define branching systems for finitely aligned higher-rank graphs. From these we construct concrete representations of higher-rank graph C*-algebras on Hilbert spaces. We prove a generalized Cuntz-Krieger uniqueness theorem for periodic single-vertex 2-graphs. We use this result to give a sufficient condition under which representations of periodic single-vertex 2-graph C*-algebras arising from branching systems are faithful.
Using a scheme involving a lifting of a row contraction we introduce a toy model of repeated interactions between quantum systems. In this model there is an outgoing Cuntz scattering system involving two wandering subspaces. We associate to this model an input/output linear system which leads to a transfer function. This transfer function is a multi-analytic operator, and we show that it is inner if we assume that the system is observable. Finally it is established that transfer functions coincide with characteristic functions of associated liftings.
For C*-algebras $A$ and $B$, we generalize the notion of a quasihomomorphism from $A$ to $B$, due to Cuntz, by considering quasihomomorphisms from some C*-algebra $C$ to $B$ such that $C$ surjects onto $A$, and the two maps forming a quasihomomorphism agree on the kernel of this surjection. Under an additional assumption, the group of homotopy classes of such generalized quasihomomorphisms coincides with $KK(A,B)$. This makes the definition of Kasparov's bifunctor slightly more symmetric and gives more flexibility for constructing elements of $KK$-groups. These generalized quasihomomorphisms c…
A Hilbert bimodule is a right Hilbert module X over a C*-algebra A together with a left action of A as adjointable operators on X. We consider families X = {X_s :s\in P} of Hilbert bimodules, indexed by a semigroup P, which are endowed with a multiplication which implements isomorphisms X_s\otimes_A X_t \to X_{st}; such a family is a called a product system. We define a generalized Cuntz- Pimsner algebra O_X, and we show that every twisted crossed product of A by P can be realized as O_X for a suitable product system X. Assuming P is quasi- lattice ordered in the sense of Nica, we analyze a ce…
In recent work, Cuntz, Deninger and Laca have studied the Toeplitz type C*-algebra associated to the affine monoid of algebraic integers in a number field, under a time evolution determined by the absolute norm. The KMS equilibrium states of their system are parametrized by traces on the C*-algebras of the semidirect products $J \rtimes O^*$ resulting from the multiplicative action of the units $O^*$ on integral ideals $J$ representing each ideal class. At each fixed inverse temperature $β> 2$, the extremal equilibrium states correspond to extremal traces of $C^*(J\rtimes O^*)$. Here we undert…
Given a C*-algebra B, a closed *-subalgebra A contained in B, and a partial isometry S in B which "interacts" with A in the sense that S*aS = H(a)S*S and SaS* = V(a)SS*, where V and H are positive linear operators on A, we derive a few properties which V and H are forced to satisfy. Removing B and S from the picture we define an "interaction" as being a pair of maps (V,H) satisfying the derived properties. Starting with an abstract interaction (V,H) over a C*-algebra A we construct a C*-algebra B containing A and a partial isometry S whose "interaction" with A follows the above rules. We then …
