Benjamin McKay
The first examples of complete projective connections are uncovered: normal projective connections on surfaces whose geodesics are all closed and embedded are complete, as are normal projective connections induced from complete affine connections with slowly decaying positive Ricci curvature.
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We prove that the Fourier--Laplace--Nahm transform for connections on the projective line is a hyper-Kähler isometry.
The aim of the present paper is to study the properties of Riemannian manifolds equipped with a projective semi-symmetric connection.
Holomorphic projective connections on surfaces and osculating spaces
该研究从曲面第二邻域与积分曲线密切性态两方面研究射影n维空间中曲面上的复解析射影联络，还分析了特殊有理变换的作用并给出相关群联合不变量的几何解释。
In this paper, it is proved that a connected 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold or a closed connected semi-Riemannian manifold $M^n$($n>1$) admitting a projective vector field with a non-linearizable singularity is projectively flat.
We study complex analytic (possibly singular) projective connections on the plane. We characterize some of them in terms of their families of integral curves. We also give a beginning of classification of second order odes polynomial in the first and second derivatives, and with holomorphic coefficients.
Projective connections arise from equivalence classes of affine connections under the reparametrization of geodesics. They may also be viewed as quotient systems of the classical geodesic equation. After studying the link between integrals of the (classical) geodesic flow and its associated projective connection, we turn our attention to 2-dimensional metrics that admit one projective vector field, i.e. whose local flow sends unparametrized geodesics into unparametrized geodesics. We review and discuss the classification of these metrics, introducing special coordinates on the linear space of …
A contact projective structure is a contact path geometry the paths of which are among the geodesics of some affine connection. In the manner of T.Y. Thomas there is associated to each contact projective structure an ambient affine connection on a symplectic manifold with one-dimensional fibers over the contact manifold and using this the local equivalence problem for contact projective structures is solved by the construction of a canonical regular Cartan connection. This Cartan connection is normal if and only if an invariant contact torsion vanishes. Every contact projective structure deter…
In this paper, we study the CR submanifolds of maximal CR dimension with flat normal connection of a complex projective space. We first investigate the position of the umbilical normal vector in the normal bundle, especially for the submanifolds of dimension 3. Then as the application, we prove the non-existence of a class of CR submanifolds of maximal CR dimension with flat normal connection.
This article examines the coincidence of the projective and conformal Weyl tensors associated to a given connection D. The connection may be a general Weyl connection associated to a conformal class of metrics [g]. The main result for n>3 is that the Weyl tensors coincide iff D is the Levi-Civita connection of an Einstein metric.
We investigate the concept of projective equivalence of connections in supergeometry. To this aim, we propose a definition for (super) geodesics on a supermanifold in which, as in the classical case, they are the projections of the integral curves of a vector field on the tangent bundle: the geodesic vector field associated with the connection. Our (super) geodesics possess the same properties as the in the classical case: there exists a unique (super) geodesic satisfying a given initial condition and when the connection is metric, our supergeodesics coincide with the trajectories of a free pa…
For a torsionless connection on the tangent bundle of a manifold M the Weyl curvature W is the part of the curvature in kernel of the Ricci contraction. We give a coordinate free proof of Weyl's result that the Weyl curvature vanishes if and only if the manifold is (locally) diffeomorphic to a real projective space with the connection, when transported to the projective space, in the projective class of the Levi-Civita connection of the Fubini-Study metric. Associated to a connection on an even-dimensional M is an almost complex structure on J(M) the bundle of all complex structures on the tan…
The authors give a complete classification of projective threefolds admitting a holomorphic normal projective connection. Moreover, they prove a general structure theorem on complex projective manifolds admitting a holomorphic normal projective connection, saying in particular, that any such manifold is either the projective space or minimal in the sense of Mori.
We prove Chern class equalities for abelian families with a holomorphic normal projective connection.
We construct a family of canonical connections and surrounding basic theory for almost complex manifolds that are equipped with an affine connection. This framework provides a uniform approach to treating a range of geometries. In particular we are able to construct an invariant and efficient calculus for conformal almost Hermitian geometries, and also for almost complex structures that are equipped with a projective structure. In the latter case we find a projectively invariant tensor the vanishing of which is necessary and sufficient for the existence of an almost complex connection compatib…
Holomorphic projective connections on compact complex threefolds
本文分类复射影三维流形上的全纯射影联络，证明其若非平坦则必位于阿贝尔三维流形上，并排除平凡典范线丛的单连通紧复三维流形存在此类联络。
We show that a properly convex projective structure $\mathfrak{p}$ on a closed oriented surface of negative Euler characteristic arises from a Weyl connection if and only if $\mathfrak{p}$ is hyperbolic. We phrase the problem as a non-linear PDE for a Beltrami differential by using that $\mathfrak{p}$ admits a compatible Weyl connection if and only if a certain holomorphic curve exists. Turning this non-linear PDE into a transport equation, we obtain our result by applying methods from geometric inverse problems. In particular, we use an extension of a remarkable $L^2$-energy identity known as…
The equation determining whether a projective structure admits a connection in its given projective class that has skew-symmetric Ricci tensor is an overdetermined system of semi-linear partial differential equations which we call the projective Einstein-Weyl (pEW) equation. In 2-dimensions, we give local obstructions for projective surfaces to admit such a connection in its projective class. The obstructions are the resultants of polynomial equations that have to be satisfied for there to admit any pEW solution.
We extend T. Y. Thomas's approach to the projective structures, over the complex analytic category, by involving the $ρ$-connections. This way, a better control of the projective flatness is obtained and, consequently, we have, for example, the following application: if the twistor space of a quaternionic manifold $P$ is endowed with a complex projective structure then $P$ can be locally identified, through quaternionic diffeomorphisms, with the quaternionic projective space.
We search for Riemannian metrics whose Levi-Civita connection belongs to a given projective class. Following Sinjukov and Mikes, we show that such metrics correspond precisely to suitably positive solutions of a certain projectively invariant finite-type linear system of partial differential equations. Prolonging this system, we may reformulate these equations as defining covariant constant sections of a certain vector bundle with connection. This vector bundle and its connection are derived from the Cartan connection of the underlying projective structure.
The authors establish a relation of the theory of varieties with degenerate Gauss maps in projective spaces with the theory of congruences and pseudocongruences of subspaces and show how these two theories can be applied to the construction of induced connections on submanifolds of projective spaces and other spaces endowed with a projective structure.
We show that on a surface locally every affine torsion-free connection is projectively equivalent to a Weyl connection. First, this is done using exterior differential system theory. Second, this is done by showing that the solutions of the relevant PDE are in one-to-one correspondence with the sections of the `twistor' bundle of conformal inner products having holomorphic image. The second solution allows to use standard results in algebraic geometry to show that the Weyl connections on the two-sphere whose geodesics are the great circles are in one-to-one correspondence with the smooth quadr…
Notes on projective structures with torsion
本文研究了带有 torsion 的射影结构，通过 affine 连接和 Thomas-Whitehead 连接描述，并引入正常射影连接，探讨了非平凡 torsion 但平凡曲率的射影结构示例。
Projective connections first appeared in Cartan's papers in the 1920's. Since then they have resurfaced periodically in, for example, integrable systems and perhaps most recently in the context of so called projectively equivariant quantisation. We recall the notion of projective connection and describe its relation with the algebra of densities on a manifold. In particular, we construct a Laplace-type operator on functions using a Thomas projective connection and a symmetric contravariant tensor of rank 2 (`upper metric').
C-projective structures are analogues of projective structures in the complex setting. The maximal dimension of the Lie algebra of c-projective symmetries of a complex connection on an almost complex manifold of C-dimension $n>1$ is classically known to be $2n^2+4n$. We prove that the submaximal dimension is equal to $2n^2-2n+4+2δ_{3,n}$. If the complex connection is minimal (encoded as a normal parabolic geometry), the harmonic curvature of the c-projective structure has three components and we specify the submaximal symmetry dimensions and the corresponding geometric models for each of these…
We extend the notion of a Thomas projective connection (a projective equivalence class of linear connections) for supermanifolds. As a by-product, we arrive at a generalisation of the multidimensional Schwarzian derivative for the super case which was previously unknown. This is combined with our previous construction of a Laplacian on the algebra of densities for a projectively connected manifold and allows us to study Batalin-Vilkovisky type operators and the relation between projective connections and odd Poisson structures.
We present a number of conditions which are necessary for an n-dimensional projective structure (M,[nabla]) to include the Levi-Civita connection nabla of some metric on M. We provide an algorithm, which effectively checks if a Levi-Civita connection is in the projective class and, in the positive, which finds this connection and the metric. The article also provides a basic information on invariants of projective structures, including the treatment via Cartan's normal projective connection. In particular we show that there is a number of Fefferman-like conformal structures, defined on a subbu…
Let $\overline{M}$ be a smooth manifold with boundary $\partial M$ and interior $M$. Consider an affine connection $\nabla$ on $M$ for which the boundary is at infinity. Then $\nabla$ is projectively compact of order $α$ if the projective structure defined by $\nabla$ smoothly extends to all of $\overline{M}$ in a specific way that depends on no particular choice of boundary defining function. Via the Levi--Civita connection, this concept applies to pseudo--Riemannian metrics on $M$. We study the relation between interior geometry and the possibilities for compactification, and then develop th…
The aim of this paper and its sequel is to introduce and classify the holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. After a brief historical background, this paper presents and analyses the projective Cartan and Tractor connections, the various structures they can preserve, and their geometric interpretations. Preserved subbundles of the Tractor bundle generate foliations with Ricci-flat leaves. Contact- and Einstein-structures arise from other reductions of the Tractor holonomy, as do U(1) and $Sp(1, \mathbb{H})$ bundles over a manifold of smaller dimension.
We consider real hypersurfaces $M$ in complex projective space equipped with both the Levi-Civita and generalized Tanaka-Webster connections. For any nonnull constant $k$ and any symmetric tensor field of type (1,1) $L$ on $M$ we can define two tensor fields of type (1,2) on $M$, $L_F^{(k)}$ and $L_T^{(k)}$, related to both connections. We study the behaviour of the structure operator $ϕ$ with respect to such tensor fields in the particular case of $L=A$, the shape operator of $M$, and obtain some new characterizations of ruled real hypersurfaces in complex projective space.
We show that for any complete connected Kähler manifold the index of the group of complex affine transformations in the group of c-projective transformations is at most two unless the Kähler manifold is isometric to complex projective space equipped with a positive constant multiple of the Fubini-Study metric. This establishes a stronger version of the recently proved Yano-Obata conjecture for complete Kähler manifolds.
We give an elementary proof to the asymptotic expansion formula of Rochon-Zhang for the unique complete Kähler-Einstein metric of Cheng-Yau, Kobayashi, Tian-Yau and Bando on quasi-projective manifolds. The main tools are the solution formula for second order ODE's with constant coefficients and spectral theory for Laplacian operator on a closed manifold.
Projective Infinities and b-Calculus
本文提出射影预紧性概念，证明在弱曲率条件下边界诱导射影结构，并利用b-切丛和密度丛的扩展得到标准拖拉机丛，进而将伪黎曼度量与广义相对论中的渐近形式联系起来。
The aim of this paper and its prequel is to introduce and classify the irreducible holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. This is achieved through the construction of a `projective cone', a Ricci-flat manifold one dimension higher whose affine holonomy is equal to the Tractor holonomy of the underlying manifold. This paper uses the result to enable the construction of manifolds with each possible holonomy algebra.
By using a projective connection over the space of two-dimensional affine connections, we are able to show that the metric interaction of Polyakov 2D gravity with a coadjoint element arises naturally through the projective Ricci tensor. Through the curvature invariants of Thomas-Whitehead, we are able to define an action that could describe dynamics to the projective connection. We discuss implications of the projective connection in higher dimensions as related to gravitation.
We prove that holomorphic normal projective connections on compact complex surfaces are flat. We show that a holomorphic torsion-free affine connection $\nabla$ on a compact complex surface is locally modelled on a translations-invariant affine connection on $\C^2$, except if $\nabla$ is a generic connection on a principal elliptic bundle over a Riemann surface of genus $g \geq 2$, with odd first Betti number. In the last case, the local Killing Lie algebra is of dimension one, generated by the fundamental vector field of the principal fibration.
It is known that a necessary condition for the existence of Kähler-Ricci solitons is the vanishing of the modified Futaki invariant introduced by Tian-Zhu. In a recent work of Berman-Nyström, it was generalized for (singular) Fano varieties and the notion of algebro-geometric stability of the pair $(M,V)$ of a Fano manifold $M$ and a holomorphic vector field $V$ was introduced. In this paper, we propose a method of computing the modified Futaki invariant for Fano complete intersections in projective spaces.
A meromorphic connection on the complex projective line induces formal connections at each singular point, and these formal connections constitute the local behavior at the singularities. In this primarily expository paper, we discuss the extent to which specified local behavior at singular points determines the global connection. In particular, given a finite set of points and a collection of ``formal types'' at these points, does there exist a moduli space of meromorphic connections with this local behavior, and if so, when is this moduli space nonempty or a singleton? In this paper, we disc…
Complex quaternionic manifolds and c-projective structures
本文研究复四元数流形与c-投影结构，通过四元数Feix-Kaledin构造，证明实解析连接诱导出特定holonomy的连接，并刻画了特定的$U^*(2n)$连接。
Jets of flat partial connections
该研究在光滑叶状结构与局部自由层平坦偏联络的背景下定义并研究平坦偏联络的射流，分别刻画了余维1叶状结构的横截仿射、射影结构，还利用法层Bott联络的射流定义任意余维叶状结构横截射影结构的延拓并构造奇异结构。
The purpose of this article is to give an interpretation of real projective structures and associated cohomology classes in terms of connections, sections, etc. satisfying elliptic partial differential equations in the spirit of Hodge theory. We shall also give an application of these results as the uniqueness of a minimal surface in a symmetric space.
Theta bundle, Quillen connection and the Hodge theoretic projective structure
该研究针对亏格≥2紧黎曼曲面模空间上霍奇理论射影结构族，借助霍奇线丛行列式对偶的复联络刻画，构造对应联络并给出三种等价描述，完善射影结构与联络的对应关系。
Connections on trivial vector bundles over projective schemes
本文用由正则形式构造的李代数替代基本群，证明平凡向量丛上可积联络的微分伽罗瓦群是该李代数的某种闭包，并据此构造曲线上具有指定微分伽罗瓦群的联络。
We determine all complete projective special real surfaces. By the supergravity r-map, they give rise to complete projective special Kähler manifolds of dimension 6, which are distinguished by the image of their scalar curvature function. By the supergravity c-map, the latter manifolds define in turn complete quaternionic Kähler manifolds of dimension 16.
We study the relations between the projective and the almost conformally symplectic structures on a smooth even dimensional manifold. We describe these relations by a single almost conformally symplectic connection with totally trace--free torsion sharing the geodesics (up to parametrization) with the projective class. This connection generalizes a (conformally) Fedosov structure depending on the remaining torsion of this distinguished connection. In fact, we see these structures as the almost symplectic analogy of the conformal Riemannian structures, because there is an analogy of the class o…
Here we treat the problem: given a torsion-free connection do its geodesics, as unparametrised curves, coincide with the geodesics of an Einstein metric? We find projective invariants such that the vanishing of these is necessary for the existence of such a metric, and in generic settings the vanishing of these is also sufficient. We also obtain results for the problem of metrisability (without the Einstein condition): We show that the odd Chern type invariants of an affine connection are projective invariants that obstruct the existence of a projectively related Levi-Civita connection. In add…
We construct a compact convex generating set $\mathcal{C}_n$ of the moduli set of closed connected projective special real manifolds of fixed dimension $n$. We show that a closed connected projective special real manifold corresponds to an inner point of $\mathcal{C}_n$ if and only if it has regular boundary behaviour. Our results can be used to describe deformations of 5d supergravity theories with complete scalar geometries.
Conformal and projective tractors from 2-frame bundles by the dressing field method
本文用2-标架语言研究共形和射影结构，通过着装场方法获得局部规范不变的联络，并证明可用类似构造定义射影拖拉机丛。
For complete affine manifolds we introduce a definition of compactification based on the projective differential geometry (i.e.\ geodesic path data) of the given connection. The definition of projective compactness involves a real parameter $α$ called the order of projective compactness. For volume preserving connections, this order is captured by a notion of volume asymptotics that we define. These ideas apply to complete pseudo-Riemannian spaces, via the Levi-Civita connection, and thus provide a notion of compactification alternative to conformal compactification. For each order $α$, we pro…
Let ${\mathcal B}_g(r)$ be the moduli space of triples of the form $(X,\, K^{1/2}_X,\, F)$, where $X$ is a compact connected Riemann surface of genus $g$, with $g\, \geq\, 2$, $K^{1/2}_X$ is a theta characteristic on $X$, and $F$ is a stable vector bundle on $X$ of rank $r$ and degree zero. We construct a $T^*{\mathcal B}_g(r)$--torsor ${\mathcal H}_g(r)$ over ${\mathcal B}_g(r)$. This generalizes on the one hand the torsor over the moduli space of stable vector bundles of rank $r$, on a fixed Riemann surface $Y$, given by the moduli space of holomorphic connections on the stable vector bundle…
The Deligne--Simpson problem is an existence problem for connections with specified local behavior. Almost all previous work on this problem has restricted attention to connections with regular or unramified singularities. Recently, the authors, together with Kulkarni and Matherne, formulated a version of the Deligne--Simpson problem where certain ramified singular points are allowed and solved it for the case of Coxeter connections, i.e., connections on the Riemann sphere with a maximally ramified singularity at zero and (possibly) an additional regular singular point at infinity. A certain m…
The authors give a complete classification of projective threefolds admitting a holomorphic conformal structure. A Corollary is the complete list of projective threefolds, whose tangent bundle is a symmetric square.
Monodromy Representations: Decomposing Rank-Three Bundles over the Projective Line with Three Marked Points
本文研究射影直线去掉三个点后的三维单值表示的向量丛分解，利用单值导数计算其精确分解的根。
We carry out the programme of R. Liouville \cite{Liouville} to construct an explicit local obstruction to the existence of a Levi--Civita connection within a given projective structure $[Γ]$ on a surface. The obstruction is of order 5 in the components of a connection in a projective class. It can be expressed as a point invariant for a second order ODE whose integral curves are the geodesics of $[Γ]$ or as a weighted scalar projective invariant of the projective class. If the obstruction vanishes we find the sufficient conditions for the existence of a metric in the real analytic case. In the…
For complete complex connections on almost complex manifolds we introduce a natural definition of compactification. This is based on almost c--projective geometry, which is the almost complex analogue of projective differential geometry. The boundary at infinity is a (possibly non-integrable) CR structure. The theory applies to almost Hermitean manifolds which admit a complex metric connection of minimal torsion, which means that they are quasi--Kaehler in the sense of Gray--Hervella; in particular it applies to Kaehler and nearly Kaehler manifolds. Via this canonical connection, we obtain a n…
In this paper, we will provide a review of the geometric construction, proposed by Witten, of the SU(n) quantum representations of the mapping class groups which are part of the Reshetikhin-Turaev TQFT for the quantum group U_q(sl(n, C)). In particular, we recall the differential geometric construction of Hitchin's projectively flat connection in the bundle over Teichmuller space obtained by push-forward of the determinant line bundle over the moduli space of rank n, fixed determinant, semi-stable bundles fibering over Teichmuller space. We recall the relation between the Hitchin connection an…
Lie Algebroid Connections on Principal Bundles
本文定义了主丛上的李代数胚联络，研究了其在结构群扩张与约化下的性质，并给出了射影曲线上存在此类联络的判据。
We give a direct calculation of the curvature of the Hitchin connection, in geometric quantization on a symplectic manifold, using only differential geometric techniques. In particular, we establish that the curvature acts as a first-order operator on the quantum spaces. Projective flatness follows if the Kähler structures do not admit holomorphic vector fields. Following Witten, we define a complex variant of the Hitchin connection on the bundle of prequantum spaces. The curvature is essentially unchanged, so projective flatness holds in the same cases. Finally, the results are applied to qua…
In this paper we study the relationship between three compactifications of the moduli space of Hermitian-Yang-Mills connections on a fixed Hermitian vector bundle over a projective algebraic manifold of arbitrary dimension. Via the Donaldson-Uhlenbeck-Yau theorem, this space is analytically isomorphic to the moduli space of stable holomorphic vector bundles, and as such it admits an algebraic compactification by Gieseker-Maruyama semistable torsion-free sheaves. A recent construction due to the first and third authors gives another compactification as a moduli space of slope semistable sheaves…
Limit geometry of complete projective special real manifolds
本文研究完备射影特殊实流形的极限几何，给出可能的极限几何列表并证明其对称群维数下界，且在正则边界条件下极限几何同构于 $\mathbb{R}_{>0}\ltimes\mathbb{R}^{n-1}$。
We develop the connection between equivariant completions of algebraic homogeneous spaces of reductive groups and lower bounds for the Mabuchi energy of a polarized manifold over the space of Bergman metrics. We provide a new definition of Tian's CM Polarization and discuss its properties.
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