We show that several classical bilateral summation and transformation formulas have semi-finite forms. We obtain these semi-finite forms from unilateral summation and transformation formulas. Our method can be applied to derive Ramanujan's $_1ψ_1$ summation, Bailey's $_2ψ_2$ transformations, and Bailey's $_6ψ_6$ summation.
We prove some new semi-finite forms of bilateral basic hypergeometric series. One of them yields in a direct limit Bailey's celebrated ${}_6ψ_6$ summation formula, answering a question recently raised by Chen and Fu ({\em Semi-Finite Forms of Bilateral Basic Hypergeometric Series}, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., to appear).
We present a new matrix inverse with applications in the theory of bilateral basic hypergeometric series. Our matrix inversion result is directly extracted from an instance of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation theorem, and involves two infinite matrices which are not lower-triangular. We combine our bilateral matrix inverse with known basic hypergeometric summation theorems to derive, via inverse relations, several new identities for bilateral basic hypergeometric series.
We show an asymptotic formula of the divergent bilateral basic hypergeometric series ${}_1ψ_0 (a;-;q,\cdot)$ with using the $q$-Borel-Laplace method. We also give the limit $q\to 1-0$ of our asymptotic formula.
We give elementary derivations of several classical and some new summation and transformation formulae for bilateral basic hypergeometric series. For purpose of motivation, we review our previous simple proof ("A simple proof of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation", Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., to appear) of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation. Using a similar but different method, we now give elementary derivations of some transformations for bilateral basic hypergeometric series. In particular, these include M. Jackson's very-well-poised 8-psi-8 transformation, a very-well-poised …
We prove a summation formula for a bilateral series whose terms are products of two basic hypergeometric functions. In special cases, series of this type arise as matrix elements of quantum group representations.
We give summation formulae for the bilateral basic hypergeometric series ${}_1ψ_1( a; b; q, z )$ through Ramanujan's summation formula, which are generalizations of nontrivial identities found in the physics of three-dimensional Abelian mirror symmetry on $\mathbf{R}P^2 \times S^1$. We also show the $q \to 1 - 0$ limit of our summation formulae.
We provide new formulae for the degenerations of the bilateral basic hypergeometric function ${}_1ψ_1 ( a; b; q, z )$ with using the $q$-Borel-Laplace transformation. These are thought of as the first step to construct connection formulae of $q$-difference equation for ${}_1ψ_1 ( a; b; q, z )$. Moreover, we show that our formulae have the $q \to 1 - 0$ limit.
We discuss the spectral decomposition of the hypergeometric differential operators on the line $\mathrm{Re}\, z=1/2$. Such operators arise in the problem of decomposition of tensor products of unitary representations of the universal covering of the group $SL(2\,{\mathbb R}$. Our main purpose is a search of natural bases in generalized eigenspaces and variants of the inversion formula.
We study multivariable (bilateral) basic hypergeometric series associated with (type $A$) Macdonald polynomials. We derive several transformation and summation properties for such series including analogues of Heine's ${}_2ϕ_1$ transformation, the $q$-Pfaff-Kummer and Euler transformations, the $q$-Saalschütz summation formula and Sear's transformation for terminating, balanced ${}_4ϕ_3$ series. For bilateral series, we rederive Kaneko's analogue of the ${}_1ψ_1$ summation formula and give multivariable extensions of Bailey's ${}_2ψ_2$ transformations.
The Knop-Sahi interpolation Macdonald polynomials are inhomogeneous and nonsymmetric generalisations of the well-known Macdonald polynomials. In this paper we apply the interpolation Macdonald polynomials to study a new type of basic hypergeometric series of type g_n. Our main results include a new q-binomial theorem, new q-Gauss sum, and several transformation formulae for g_n series.
We derive generalized generating functions for basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials by applying connection relations with one free parameter to them. In particular, we generalize generating functions for the Askey-Wilson, continuous $q$-ultraspherical/Rogers, little $q$-Laguerre/Wall, and $q$-Laguerre polynomials. Depending on what type of orthogonality these polynomials satisfy, we derive corresponding definite integrals, infinite series, bilateral infinite series, and $q$-integrals.
In [Electron. J. Combin. 10 (2003), #R10], the author presented a new basic hypergeometric matrix inverse with applications to bilateral basic hypergeometric series. This matrix inversion result was directly extracted from an instance of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation theorem, and involves two infinite matrices which are not lower-triangular. The present paper features three different multivariable generalizations of the above result. These are extracted from Gustafson's A_r and C_r extensions and of the author's recent A_r extension of Bailey's 6-psi-6 summation formula. By combi…
We prove a general quadratic formula for basic hypergeometric series, from which simple proofs of several recent determinant and Pfaffian formulas are obtained. A special case of the quadratic formula is actually related to a Gram determinant formula for Askey-Wilson polynomials. We also show how to derive a recent double-sum formula for the moments of Askey-Wilson polynomials from Newton's interpolation formula.
A one-parameter generalisation R_λ(X;b) of the symmetric Macdonald polynomials and interpolations Macdonald polynomials is studied from the point of view of branching rules. We establish a Pieri formula, evaluation symmetry, principal specialisation formula and q-difference equation for R_λ(X;b). We also prove a new multiple q-Gauss summation formula and several further results for sl_n basic hypergeometric series based on R_λ(X;b).
Chu has recently shown that the Abel lemma on summations by parts can serve as the underlying relation for Bailey's ${}_6ψ_6$ bilateral summation formula. In other words, the Abel lemma spells out the telescoping nature of the ${}_6ψ_6$ sum. We present a systematic approach to compute Abel pairs for bilateral and unilateral basic hypergeometric summation formulas by using the $q$-Gosper algorithm. It is demonstrated that Abel pairs can be derived from Gosper pairs. This approach applies to many classical summation formulas.
We give an overview of some of the main results from the theories of hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric series and integrals associated with root systems. In particular, we list a number of summations, transformations and explicit evaluations for such multiple series and integrals. We concentrate on such results which do not directly extend to the elliptic level. This text is a provisional version of a chapter on hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric series and integrals associated with root systems for volume 2 of the new Askey--Bateman project which deals with "Multivariable special f…
In this survey paper, we exhaustively explore the terminating basic hypergeometric representations of the Askey-Wilson polynomials and the corresponding terminating basic hypergeometric transformations that these polynomials satisfy. From the terminating basic hypergeometric representations of these polynomials, and due to symmetry in their free parameters, we are able to exhaustively explore the terminating basic hypergeometric transformation formulae which these polynomials satisfy.
A multidimensional generalization of Bailey's very-well-poised bilateral basic hypergeometric ${}_6ψ_6$ summation formula and its Dougall type ${}_5H_5$ hypergeometric degeneration for $q\to 1$ is studied. The multiple Bailey sum amounts to an extension corresponding to the case of a nonreduced root system of certain summation identities associated to the reduced root systems that were recently conjectured by Aomoto and Ito and proved by Macdonald. By truncation, we obtain multidimensional analogues of the very-well-poised unilateral (basic) hypergeometric Rogers ${}_6ϕ_5$ and Dougall ${}_5F_4…
In this article we continue the work from arXiv:0902.0621. In that article Eric Rains and the present author considered the limits of the elliptic beta integral as p->0 while the parameters t_r have a p-dependence of the form t_r=u_rp^{α_r} (for fixed u_r and certain real numbers α_r). In this article we again consider such limits, but now we let p->0 along a geometric sequence p=xq^{sk} (for some integer s, while k -> \infty), and only allow α_r\in 2/s Z. These choices allow us to take many more limits. In particular we now also obtain bilateral basic hypergeometric series as possible limits,…
In this paper, we study the solutions of the system of bilateral type matrix differential equations and presented these solutions in terms of Lauricella hypergeometric matrix functions of several variables and Srivastava's triple hypergeometric matrix functions of three variables. We also discuss the region of convergence and integral representation for these matrix functions.
We derive two generalizations of Gasper's transformation formula for basic hypergeometric series. Using these generalized formulas, we give explicit expressions for the coefficients of three-term relations for the basic hypergeometric series {}_{2}phi_{1}, which are generalizations of the author's previous results on three-term relations for {}_{2}phi_{1}.
We describe a uniform way of obtaining basic hypergeometric functions as limits of the elliptic beta integral. This description gives rise to the construction of a polytope with a different basic hypergeometric function attached to each face of this polytope. We can subsequently obtain various relations, such as transformations and three-term relations, of these functions by considering geometrical properties of this polytope. The most general functions we describe in this way are sums of two very-well-poised ${}_{10}ϕ_9$'s and their Nassrallah-Rahman type integral representation.
Here are the latest errata, etc., to the Gasper and Rahman "Basic Hypergeometric Series" book. Any additional errata will be added to the end of the last list.
We establish conditions for the discrete versions of logarithmic concavity and convexity of the higher order regularized basic hypergeometric function with respect simultaneous shift of all its parameters. For a particular case of Heine's basic hypergeometric function we prove logarithmic concavity and convexity with respect to the bottom parameter. We further establish a linearization identity for the generalized Turánian formed by a particular case of Heine's basic hypergeometric function. Its $q=1$ case also appears to be new.
Several new identities for elliptic hypergeometric series are proved. Remarkably, some of these are elliptic analogues of identities for basic hypergeometric series that are balanced but not very-well-poised.
Any three basic hypergeometric series {}_{2}phi_{1} whose respective parameters (a, b, c) differ by integer powers of the base q satisfy a linear relation with coefficients which are rational functions of a, b, c, q and the variable x. These relations are called three term relations for the basic hypergeometric series {}_{2}phi_{1}. This paper gives explicit expressions for the coefficients of these three term relations.
In 1981, Andrews gave a four-variable generalization of Ramanujan's ${_1ψ_1}$ summation formula. We establish a six-variable generalization of Andrews' identity according to the transformation formula for two ${_8ϕ_7}$ series and Bailey's transformation formula for three ${_8ϕ_7}$ series. Then it is used to find a six-variable generalization of Ramanujan's reciprocity theorem, which is different from Liu's formula. We derive the generalizations of Bailey's two $_3ψ_3$ summation formulas in terms of two limiting relations and Bailey's another transformation formula for three $_8ϕ_7$ series. Bas…
We study the divergent basic hypergeometric series which is a $q$-analog of divergent hypergeometric series. This series formally satisfies the linear $q$-difference equation. In this paper, for that equation, we give an actual solution which admits basic hypergeometric series as a $q$-Gevrey asymptotic expansion. Such an actual solution is obtained by using $q$-Borel summability, which is a $q$-analog of Borel summability. Our result shows a $q$-analog of the Stokes phenomenon. Additionally, we show that letting $q\to1$ in our result gives the Borel sum of classical hypergeometric series. The…
Using multiple q-integrals and a determinant evaluation, we establish a multivariable extension of Bailey's nonterminating 10-phi-9 transformation. From this result, we deduce new multivariable terminating 10-phi-9 transformations, 8-phi-7 summations and other identities. We also use similar methods to derive new multivariable 1-psi-1 summations. Some of our results are extended to the case of elliptic hypergeometric series.
In this paper, we propose a general method to express explicitly the inversion and the connection coefficients between two basic hypergeometric polynomial sets. As application, we consider some $d$-orthogonal basic hypergeometric polynomials and we derive expansion formulae corresponding to all the families within the $q$-Askey scheme.
In this very short note we will derive an inequality for a class of entire functions including all the confluent basic hypergeometric series and an inequality for a class of meromorphic functions including theta functions.
By splitting the real line into intervals of unit length a doubly infinite integral of the form $\Int F(q^x)\,dx,\; 0<q<1$, can clearly be expressed as $\Integ \Sum F(q^{x+n})\,dx$, provided $F$ satisfies the appropriate conditions. This simple idea is used to prove Ramanujan's integral analogues of his \ph{1}{1} sum and give a new proof of Askey and Roy's extention of it. Integral analogues of the well-poised \ph{2}{2} sum as well as the very-well-poised \ph{6}{6} sum are also found in a straightforward manner. An extension to a very-well-poised and balanced \ph{8}{8} series is also given. A …
General duality relations for hypergeometric and basic hypergeometric series
Holon Institute of Technology(霍隆理工学院);Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences(保加利亚科学院数学与信息学研究所);Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University(西交利物浦大学数理学院应用数学系)
We describe the utility of integral representations for sums of basic hypergeometric functions. In particular we use these to derive an infinite sequence of transformations for symmetrizations over certain variables which the functions possess. These integral representations were studied by Bailey, Slater, Askey, Roy, Gasper and Rahman and were also used to facilitate the computation of certain outstanding problems in the theory of basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials in the $q$-Askey scheme. We also generalize and give consequences and transformation formulas for some fundamental integ…
Recently, we formulated the $q$-Garnier system and its variations as translations of an extended affine Weyl group of type $A^{(1)}_{2n+1}\times A^{(1)}_1\times A^{(1)}_1$. On the other hand, those systems admit particular solutions in terms of the basic hypergeometric series ${}_{n+1}ϕ_n$. In this article, we investigate an action of the extended affine Weyl group on ${}_{n+1}ϕ_n$.
We prove a duality relation for generalized basic hypergeometric functions. It forms a $q$-extension of a recent result of the second and the third named authors and generalizes both a $q$-hypergeometric identity due to the third named author (jointly with Feng and Yang) and a recent identity for the Heine's ${}_2ϕ_{1}$ function due to Suzuki. We further explore various consequences of our identity leading to several presumably new multi-term relations for both terminating and non-terminating generalized basic hypergeometric series. Moreover, we give confluent versions of our results and furni…
We give a new theta-function identity, a special case of which is utilised to prove Kawanaka's Macdonald polynomial conjecture. The theta-function identity further yields a transformation formula for multivariable elliptic hypergeometric series which appears to be new even in the one-variable, basic case.
We deduce new q-series identities by applying inverse relations to certain identities for basic hypergeometric series. The identities obtained themselves do not belong to the hierarchy of basic hypergeometric series. We extend two of our identities, by analytic continuation, to bilateral summation formulae which contain Ramanujan's 1-psi-1 summation and a very-well-poised 4-psi-6 summation as special cases.
A proof of an unusual summation formula for a basic hypergeometric series associated to the affine root system $\tilde A_n$ that was conjectured by Warnaar is given. It makes use of Milne's $A_n$ extension of Watson's transformation, Ramanujan's $_1ψ_1$-summation, and a determinant evaluation of the author. In addition, a transformation formula between basic hypergeometric series associated to the affine root systems $\tilde A_n$ respectively $\tilde A_m$, which generalizes at the same time the above summation formula and an identity due to Gessel and the author, is proposed as a conjecture.
We extend expansion formulas of Liu given in 2013 to the context of multiple series over root systems. Liu and others have shown the usefulness of these formulas in Special Functions and number-theoretic contexts. We extend Wang and Ma's generalizations of Liu's work which they obtained using $q$-Lagrange inversion. We use the $A_n$ and $C_n$ Bailey transformation and other summation theorems due to Gustafson, Milne, Milne and Lilly, and others, from the theory of $A_n$, $C_n$ and $D_n$ basic hypergeometric series.
Some multiple hypergeometric transformation formulas arising from the balanced du- ality transformation formula are discussed through the symmetry. Derivations of some transformation formulas with different dimensions are given by taking certain limits of the balanced duality transformation. By combining some of them, some transformation formulas for $A_n$ basic hypergeometric series is given. They include some generalizations of Watson, Sears and ${}_8 W_7$ transformations.
Via the solutions of systems of algebraic equations of Bethe Ansatz type, we arrive at bounds for the zeros of orthogonal (basic) hypergeometric polynomials belonging to the Askey-Wilson, Wilson and continuous Hahn families.
We study Schur Q-polynomials evaluated on a geometric progression, or equivalently q-enumeration of marked shifted tableaux, seeking explicit formulas that remain regular at q=1. We obtain several such expressions as multiple basic hypergeometric series, and as determinants and pfaffians of continuous q-ultraspherical or continuous q-Jacobi polynomials. As special cases, we obtain simple closed formulas for staircase-type partitions.
In this paper, we show that the kernel function of Cauchy type for type $BC$ intertwines the commuting family of van Diejen's $q$-difference operators. This result gives rise to a transformation formula for certain multiple basic hypergeometric series of type $BC$. We also construct a new infinite family of commuting $q$-difference operators for which the Koornwinder polynomials are joint eigenfunctions.
We study Macdonald polynomials from a basic hypergeometric series point of view. In particular, we show that the Pieri formula for Macdonald polynomials and its recently discovered inverse, a recursion formula for Macdonald polynomials, both represent multivariable extensions of the terminating very-well-poised 6-phi-5 summation formula. We derive several new related identities including multivariate extensions of Jackson's very-well-poised 8-phi-7 summation. Motivated by our basic hypergeometric analysis, we propose an extension of Macdonald polynomials to Macdonald symmetric functions indexe…