Ljuben Mutafchiev, Emil Kamenov
We study the asymptotic behaviour of the trace (the sum of the diagonal parts) of a plane partition of the positive integer n, assuming that this parfition is chosen uniformly at random from the set of all such partitions.
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It is a classical result of Harper that the limiting distribution of the number of blocks in partitions of the set $\{1, 2,..., n\}$ is normal. In this paper, using the saddle point method we prove the normality of the limiting distribution of the number of block pairs in set partitions of type $B_n$. Moreover, we obtain that the limiting distribution of the number of block pairs in $B_n$-partitions without zero-block is also normal.
We study the asymptotic distribution of the two following combinatorial parameters: the number of arc crossings in the linear representation, ${\mathrm cr^{(\ell)}$, and the number of chord crossings in the circular representation, ${\mathrm cr^{(c)}$, of a random set partition. We prove that, for $k\leq n/(2\,\log n)$ (resp., ${k=o(\sqrt{n})}$), the distribution of the parameter ${\mathrm cr^{(\ell)}$ (resp., ${\mathrm cr^{(c)}$) taken over partitions of $[n]:=\{1,2,...,n\}$ into $k$ blocks is, after standardization, asymptotically Gaussian as $n$ tends to infinity. We give exact and asymptot…
By considering a limiting form of the q-Dixon_4ϕ_3 summation, we prove a weighted partition theorem involving odd parts differing by >= 4. A two parameter refinement of this theorem is then deduced from a quartic reformulation of Goellnitz's (Big) theorem due to Alladi, and this leads to a two parameter extension of Jacobi's triple product identity for theta functions. Finally, refinements of certain modular identities of Alladi connected to the Goellnitz-Gordon series are shown to follow from a limiting form of the q-Dixon_4ϕ_3 summation.
Jaclyn Anderson proved that if s and t are relatively prime positive integers, then there are exactly (s+t-1)!/(s!t!) partitions whose set of hook-lengths is disjoint from the set {s,t}. Drew Armstrong conjectured (and Paul Johnson, and a bit later, Victor Wang, proved) a beautiful expression for the average size, namely (s-1)(t-1)(s+t+1)/24 . In the present article, we go far beyond the average, and state absolutely certain expressions (but "officially" still conjectures) for the variance (showing in particular that it is rather large, and there is no "concentration about the mean"), and the …
Let $p(n)$ be the number of all integer partitions of the positive integer $n$ and let $λ$ be a partition, selected uniformly at random from among all such $p(n)$ partitions. It is known that each partition $λ$ has a unique graphical representation, composed by $n$ non-overlapping cells in the plane called Young diagram. As a second step of our sampling experiment, we select a cell $c$ uniformly at random from among all $n$ cells of the Young diagram of the partition $λ$. For large $n$, we study the asymptotic behavior of the hook length $Z_n=Z_n(λ,c)$ of the cell $c$ of a random partituion $λ…
Let $p_n$ be the number of partitions of an integer $n$. For each of the partition statistics of counting their parts, ranks, or cranks, there is a natural family of integer polynomials. We investigate their asymptotics and the limiting behavior of their zeros as sets and densities.
Nice formulae for plane partitions with bounded size of parts (or boxed plane partitions), which generalize the norm-trace generating function by Stanley and the trace generating function by Gansner, are exhibited. The derivation of the nice formulae is based on lattice path combinatorics of biorthogonal polynomials, especially of the little $q$-Laguerre polynomials and a generalization of the little $q$-Laguerre polynomials. A summation formula which generalizes the $q$-Chu-Vandermonde identity is also shown and utilized to prove the orthogonality of the generalized little $q$-Laguerre polyno…
Applications of Faà di Bruno's formula to partition traces
本文通过经典 Faà di Bruno 公式重新审视多种分拆理论生成函数，为已知结果提供统一解释，并为推导类似新恒等式建立系统框架。
A partition polynomial is a refinement of the partition number p(n) whose coefficients count some special partition statistic. Just as partition numbers have useful asymptotics so do partition polynomials. In fact, their asymptotics determine the limiting behavior of their zeros which form a network of curves inside the unit disk. An important new feature in their study requires a detailed analysis of. the \root dilogarithm" given as the real part of the square root of the usual dilogarithm.
A close connection of reverse plane partitions with an integrable dynamical system called the discrete two-dimensional (2D) Toda molecule is clarified. It is shown that a multiplicative partition function for reverse plane partition of arbitrary shape with bounded parts can be obtained from each non-vanishing solution to the discrete 2D Toda molecule. As an example a partition function which generalizes MacMahon's triple product formula as well as Gansner's multi-trace generating function is derived from a specific solution to the dynamical system.
Moments of the Crank Statistic for $t$-Core Partitions and Overpartitions
本文利用统一矩-迹框架，对$t$-核分拆和超分拆的曲柄统计量建立迹与逆迹公式，并借助完全Bell多项式导出分拆数的显式表达式。
Stanley generalized MacMahon's classical theorem by proving a product formula for the norm-trace generating function for plane partition with unbounded parts. In his recent work on biothorgonal polynomials, Kamioka proved a finite analogue of Stanley's formula for plane partitions with bounded parts (arXiv:1508.01674). In this paper, we use techniques from the enumeration of tilings to give a new proof for Kamioka's formula.
On equidistribution theorem for plane partitions
本文证明了平面分割上两个统计量对的等分布性，并引入了新的统计量证明其等分布性。
We give a direct deduction and proof of two identities in the theory of plane partitions. The first one is known to enumerate the traces of plane partitions. The second one comes without any combinatorial interpretation.
Limiting behaviour and modular completions of MacMahon-like q-series
本文围绕联系分拆、拟模形式与q-多重zeta值的类MacMahon函数展开，构造无穷多族相关函数解答Ono的问题，还发现新的算术结构与模完备化。
Spectral properties of random graphs with fixed equitable partition
本文定义$S$-正则图及其矩阵，推导大型随机$S$-正则矩阵的极限谱密度和特征向量统计量，并证明扩张器混合引理、Alon-Bopana界等特征值不等式。
On $P$-partitions Extended by Two-Rowed Plane Partitions
本文引入 $φ_{z}$、$ψ_{z}$ 两个算子，建立两行平面分拆扩展偏序集的 $P$-分拆新计数公式，并推广到多种平面分拆与偏序集结构。
We prove the conjectured limiting normality for the number of crossings of a uniformly chosen set partition of [n] = {1,2,...,n}. The arguments use a novel stochastic representation and are also used to prove central limit theorems for the dimension index and the number of levels.
On the Limiting Vacillating Tableaux for Integer Sequences
本文证明了当n趋于无穷大时，由双射DI_n^k确定的整数序列游移表趋于稳定，给出了极限游移表的刻画及枚举公式。
Let $W$ be a finite Weyl group and ${\hat{W}}$ be the corresponding affine Weyl group. We show that a large element in ${\hat{W}}$, randomly generated by (reduced) multiplication by simple generators, almost surely has one of $|W|$-specific shapes. Equivalently, a reduced random walk in the regions of the affine Coxeter arrangement asymptotically approaches one of $|W|$-many directions. The coordinates of this direction, together with the probabilities of each direction can be calculated via a Markov chain on $W$. Our results, applied to type $\tilde{A}_{n-1}$, show that a large random $n$-cor…
Derivatives of theta functions as Traces of Partition Eisenstein series
本文首次显式证明了 Ramanujan 遗失笔记中用 theta 函数导数定义的 q-级数序列 U_{2t}(q) 和 V_{2t}(q) 是拟模形式，方法是将其表示为分拆 Eisenstein 级数的迹。
Hausel and Rodriguez-Villegas recently observed that work of Göttsche, combined with a classical result of Erdős and Lehner on integer partitions, implies that the limiting Betti distribution for the Hilbert schemes $(\mathbb{C}^2)^{[n]}$ on $n$ points, as $n\rightarrow +\infty,$ is a \textit{Gumbel distribution}. In view of this example, they ask for further such Betti distributions. We answer this question for the quasihomogeneous Hilbert schemes $((\mathbb{C}^2)^{[n]})^{T_{α,β}}$ that are cut out by torus actions. We prove that their limiting distributions are also of Gumbel type. To obtain…
We propose an aproach for asymptotic analysis of plane partition statistics related to counts of parts whose sizes exceed a certain suitably chosen level. In our study, we use the concept of conjugate trace of a plane partition of the positive integer $n$, introduced by Stanley in 1973. We derive generating functions and determine the asymptotic behavior of counts of large parts using a general scheme based on the saddle point method. In this way, we are able to prove a Poisson limit theorem for the number of parts of a random and uniformly chosen plane partition of $n$, whose sizes are greate…
We study random partitions $λ=(λ_1,λ_2,...,λ_d)$ of $n$ whose length is not bigger than a fixed number $d$. Suppose a random partition $λ$ is distributed according to the Jack measure, which is a deformation of the Plancherel measure with a positive parameter $α>0$. We prove that for all $α>0$, in the limit as $n \to \infty$, the joint distribution of scaled $λ_1,..., λ_d$ converges to the joint distribution of some random variables from a traceless Gaussian $β$-ensemble with $β=2/α$. We also give a short proof of Regev's asymptotic theorem for the sum of $β$-powers of $f^λ$, the number of sta…
If L is a partition of n, the rank of L is the size of the largest part minus the number of parts. Under the uniform distribution on partitions, Bringmann, Mahlburg, and Rhoades showed that the rank statistic has a limiting distribution. We identify the limit as the difference between two independent extreme value distributions and as the distribution of B(T) where B(t) is standard Brownian motion and T is the first time that an independent three-dimensional Brownian motion hits the unit sphere. The same limit holds for the crank.
On the distribution of the norm of partitions
本文利用矩方法和奇点分析研究整数分拆范数在 $n \to \infty$ 时的分布，证明其各矩的渐近性，并得出该范数在 $[0,\infty)$ 上不存在非平凡极限分布的结论。
We provide a combinatorial description of exclusion statistics in terms of minimal difference $p$ partitions. We compute the probability distribution of the number of parts in a random minimal $p$ partition. It is shown that the bosonic point $ p=0$ is a repulsive fixed point for which the limiting distribution has a Gumbel form. For all positive $p$ the distribution is shown to be Gaussian.
Recent work of Cesana, Craig and the third author shows that the trace of plane partitions is asymptotically equidistributed in residue classes mod $b$. Applying a technique of the first two authors and Garnowski, we prove asymptotic formulas for the secondary terms in this equidistribution, which are controlled by certain complex numbers generated by a twisted MacMahon-type product. We further carry out a similar analysis for a statistic related to plane overpartitions.
Motivated by the many roles that hook lengths play in mathematics, we study the distribution of the number of $t$-hooks in the partitions of $n$. We prove that the limiting distribution is normal with mean $μ_t(n)\sim \frac{\sqrt{6n}}π-\frac{t}{2}$ and variance $σ_t^2(n)\sim \frac{(π^2-6)\sqrt{6n}}{2π^3}.$ Furthermore, we prove that the distribution of the number of hook lengths that are multiples of a fixed $t\geq 4$ in partitions of $n$ converge to a shifted Gamma distribution with parameter $k=(t-1)/2$ and scale $θ=\sqrt{2/(t-1)}.$
There is a correspondence between the protected local operators in the 3d SCFTs describing the geometry $\mathbb{C}^2$ probed by a stack of $N$ M2-branes and plane partitions of trace $N$. We give combinatorial expressions of the indices which count the local operators parametrizing $\mathbb{C}^2/\mathbb{Z}_k$ probed by $N$ M2-branes in the canonical and grand canonical ensembles in terms of generating functions for plane partitions. We derive the asymptotic behaviors of the grand potential in the high-temperature limit and the scaling dimension in the large $N$ limit.
We study the asymptotic distribution, as the volume parameter goes to 1, of the peak (largest part) of finite- or slowly-growing-width cylindric plane partitions weighted by their trace, seam, and volume. There are two natural asymptotic regimes depending on the trace/seam parameters, and in both cases we obtain asymptotics governed by finite temperature (periodic) analogues of the Bessel and Airy gap probabilities from random matrix theory. In particular, the distributions we obtain interpolate \emph{in more than one way} between two well-known extremal value distributions: the Gumbel distrib…
We study two types of probability measures on the set of integer partitions of $n$ with at most $m$ parts. The first one chooses the random partition with a chance related to its largest part only. We then obtain the limiting distributions of all of the parts together and that of the largest part as $n$ tends to infinity while $m$ is fixed or tends to infinity. In particular, if $m$ goes to infinity not too fast, the largest part satisfies the central limit theorem. The second measure is very general. It includes the Dirichlet distribution and the uniform distribution as special cases. We deri…
Let $(X_n)_{n \ge 0}$ be an irreducible, aperiodic, homogeneous Markov chain, with state space a totally ordered finite alphabet of size $m$. Using combinatorial constructions and weak invariance principles, we obtain the limiting shape of the associated RSK Young diagrams as a multidimensional Brownian functional. Since the length of the top row of the Young diagrams is also the length of the longest weakly increasing subsequences of $(X_k)_{1\le k \le n}$, the corresponding limiting law follows. We relate our results to a conjecture of Kuperberg by providing, under a cyclic condition, a spec…
The topological vertex is a universal series which can be regarded as an object in combinatorics, representation theory, geometry, or physics. It encodes the combinatorics of 3D partitions, the action of vertex operators on Fock space, the Donaldson-Thomas theory of toric Calabi-Yau threefolds, or the open string partition function of $\mathbb{C}^3$. We prove several identities in which a sum over terms involving the topological vertex is expressed as a closed formula, often a product of simple terms, closely related to Fourier expansions of Jacobi forms. We use purely combinatorial and repres…
The mean values of non-homogeneously parameterized generating exponential are obtained and investigated for the periodic Heisenberg XX model. The norm-trace generating function of boxed plane partitions with fixed volume of their diagonal parts is obtained as N-particles average of the generating exponential. The generating function of self-avoiding walks of random turns vicious walkers is obtained in terms of the circulant matrices that leads to generalizations of the Ramus's identity. Under various specifications of the generating exponential, the N-particles averages arise for a set of inco…
The partition function and elliptic curves
研究通过CM点几何解释布鲁尼尔 - 奥诺公式中配分函数的迹，得到超奇异迹公式。对特殊素数\(\ell = 5,7,11\)为拉马努金分拆同余式带来新见解，提供模理论框架，核心代数恒等式已形式化验证。
We investigate the limiting distribution of the fluctuations of the maximal summand in a random partition of a large integer with respect to a multiplicative statistics. We show that for a big family of Gibbs measures on partitions (so called generalized Bose--Einstein statistics) this distribution is the well-known Gumbel distribution which usually appears in the context of indepedent random variables. In particular, it means that the (properly rescaled) maximal energy of an individual particle in the grand canonical ensemble of the $d$-dimensional quantum ideal gas has the Gumbel distributio…
Let $(X_n)_{n \ge 0}$ be an irreducible, aperiodic, homogeneous Markov chain, with state space an ordered finite alphabet of size $m$. Using combinatorial constructions and weak invariance principles, we obtain the limiting shape of the associated Young tableau as a multidimensional Brownian functional. Since the length of the top row of the Young tableau is also the length of the longest (weakly) increasing subsequence of $(X_k)_{1\le k \le n}$, the corresponding limiting law follows. We relate our results to a conjecture of Kuperberg by showing that, under a cyclic condition, a spectral char…
We introduce discrete time Markov chains that preserve uniform measures on boxed plane partitions. Elementary Markov steps change the size of the box from (a x b x c) to ((a-1) x (b+1) x c) or ((a+1) x (b-1) x c). Algorithmic realization of each step involves O((a+b)c) operations. One application is an efficient perfect random sampling algorithm for uniformly distributed boxed plane partitions. Trajectories of our Markov chains can be viewed as random point configurations in the three-dimensional lattice. We compute the bulk limits of the correlation functions of the resulting random point pro…
We study probabilistic and combinatorial aspects of natural volume-and-trace weighted plane partitions and their continuous analogues. We prove asymptotic limit laws for the largest parts of these ensembles in terms of new and known hard- and soft-edge distributions of random matrix theory. As a corollary we obtain an asymptotic transition between Gumbel and Tracy--Widom GUE fluctuations for the largest part of such plane partitions, with the continuous Bessel kernel providing the interpolation. We interpret our results in terms of two natural models of directed last passage percolation (LPP):…
We introduce elliptic weights of boxed plane partitions and prove that they give rise to a generalization of MacMahon's product formula for the number of plane partitions in a box. We then focus on the most general positive degenerations of these weights that are related to orthogonal polynomials; they form three two-dimensional families. For distributions from these families we prove two types of results. First, we construct explicit Markov chains that preserve these distributions. In particular, this leads to a relatively simple exact sampling algorithm. Second, we consider a limit when all …
We study scaling limits of skew plane partitions with periodic weights under several boundary conditions. We compute the correlation kernel of the limiting point process in the bulk and near turning points on the frozen boundary. The turning points that appear in the homogeneous case split in our model into pairs of turning points macroscopically separated by a "semi-frozen" region. As a result the point process at a turning point is not the GUE minor process, but rather a pair of GUE minor processes, non-trivially correlated. We also study an intermediate regime when the weights are periodic …
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