The index of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra $g$ is the minimum of dimensions of stabilisers $g_α$ of elements $α\in g^*$. Let $g$ be a reductive Lie algebra and $z(x)$ a centraliser of a nilpotent element $x\in g$. Elashvili has conjectured that the index of the centraliser $z(x)$ equals the index of $g$, i.e., the rank of $g$. Here Elashvili's conjecture is proved for reductive Lie algebras of classical type.
It is shown that in cases $g=gl_n$ and $g=sp_{2n}$ the coadjoint action of $z(x)$ has a generic stabiliser. Also, we give an example of a nilpotent element $x\in so_8$ such that the coadjoint action of $z(x)$ has no generic stabiliser.
In this paper, we study the index for several natural classes of non-reductive subalgebras of semisimple Lie algebras. Namely, we look at parabolic subalgebras, centralisers of nilpotent elements, and the normalisers of the centralisers. We discuss a conjecture of Elashvili to the effect that the index of any centraliser is equal to the rank of the semisimple algebra in question. It is shown that Elashvili's conjecture is true for `small' and `large' orbits. Some properties of the index for the normaliser of the centraliser are proved. In particular, we prove that, for a regular nilpotent elem…
We check that the connected centralisers of nilpotent elements in the orthogonal and symplectic groups have Levi decompositions in even characteristic. This provides a justification for the identification of the isomorphism classes of the reductive quotients as stated in [Liebeck, Seitz; Unipotent and Nilpotent Classes in Simple Algebraic Groups and Lie Algebras].
Let $\g$ be a classical Lie algebra, $e$ a nilpotent of $\g$ element and $\gt g_e$ the centraliser of $e$ in $\g$. We prove that $\g_e=[\g_e,\g_e]$ if and only if $e$ is rigid. It is also shown that if $e$ is contained in $[\g_e,\g_e]$, then the nilpotent radical of $\g_e$ coincides with $[\g(1)_e,\g_e]$, where $\g(1)_e$ is an eigenspace of a characteristic of $e$ with the eigenvalue 1.
Let $g$ be a classical Lie algebra, i.e., either $gl_n$, $sp_n$, or $so_n$ and let $e\in g$ be a nilpotent element. We study various properties of centralisers $g_e$. The first four sections deal with rather elementary questions, like the centre of $g_e$, commuting varieties associated with $g_e$, or centralisers of commuting pairs. The second half of the paper addresses problems related to different Poisson structures on $g_e^*$ and symmetric invariants of $g_e$.
Let $g_e$ be the centraliser of a nilpotent element $e$ in a finite dimensional simple Lie algebra $g$ of rank $l$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We investigate the algebra $S(g_e)^{g_e}$ of symmetric invariants of $g_e$ and prove that if $g$ is of type $A$ or $C$, then $S(g_e)^{g_e}$ is always a graded polynomial algebra in $l$ variables. We show that this continues to hold for some nilpotent elements in the Lie algebras of other types. In type $A$ we prove that $S(g_e)^{g_e}$ is freely generated by a regular sequence in $S(g_e)$ and describe the tangent cone at $e$ t…
We extend the classical result asserting that the twisting operator preserves certain Deligne--Lusztig character values for truncated formal power series; along the way we discuss some properties of centralisers. This leads us to the construction of an action of $\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{F}_q[[π]]/π^r)$ on a Springer fibre intersected by Deligne--Lusztig varieties; we determine the primitivities of the induced cohomological representations for single cycles. The case of $\mathrm{SL}_2$ over finite dual numbers is presented with a criterion on semisimple orbit representations.
In this thesis we discuss some properties of centralisers in classical Lie algebas and related structures. Our results follow three distinct but related themes: the modular representation theory of centralisers, the sheets of simple Lie algebras and the representation theory of finite W-algebras and enveloping algebras.
Let D(e) denote the weighted Dynkin diagram of a nilpotent element $e$ in complex simple Lie algebra $\g$. We say that D(e) is divisible if D(e)/2 is again a weighted Dynkin diagram. (That is, a necessary condition for divisibility is that $e$ is even.) The corresponding pair of nilpotent orbits is said to be friendly. In this note, we classify the friendly pairs and describe some of their properties. We also observe that any subalgebra sl(3) in $\g$ determines a friendly pair. Such pairs are called A2-pairs. It turns out that the centraliser of the lower orbit in an A2-pair has some remarkabl…
Let g = Lie(G) be the Lie algebra of a simple algebraic group G over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Let e be a nilpotent element of g and let g_e = Lie(G_e) where G_e stands for the stabiliser of e in G. For g classical, we give an explicit combinatorial formula for the codimension of [g_e, g_e] in g_e and use it to determine those e in g for which the largest commutative quotient U(g,e)^{ab} of the finite W-algebra U(g,e) is isomorphic to a polynomial algebra. It turns out that this happens if and only if e lies in a unique sheet of g. The nilpotent elements with this prop…
Let \q be a simple algebraic group of type A or C over a field of good positive characteristic. We show for any x \in \q =\Lie(Q) that the invariant algebra S(\q_x)^{\q_x} is generated by the p^{th} power subalgebra and the mod p reduction of the characteristic zero invariant algebra. The latter algebra is known to be polynomial \cite{PPY} and we show that it remains so after reduction. Using a theory of symmetrisation in positive characteristic we prove the analogue of this result in the enveloping algebra, where the p-centre plays the role of the p^{th} power subalgebra. In Zassenhaus' found…
We prove that any finite W-algebra U(g,e) admits a one-dimensional representation fixed by the action of the component group of the centraliser of e. As a consequence, for any nilpotent orbit O in g there exists a multiplicity-free (and hence completely prime) primitive ideal of the universal enveloping algebra U(g) whose associated variety coincides with the Zariski closure of O.
This paper is a continuation of earlier work on generators of simple Lie algebras in arbitrary characteristic (see arXiv:0708.1711). We show that, in contrast to classical Lie algebras, simple graded Lie algebras of Cartan type S,H or K never enjoy the 'one-and-a-half generation' property. The methods rely on a study of centralisers in Cartan type Lie algebras.
The index of a complex Lie algebra is the minimal codimension of its coadjoint orbits. Let us suppose $\g$ semisimple, then its index, ${\rm ind} \g$, is equal to its rank, ${\rm rk \g}$. The goal of this paper is to establish a simple general formula for the index of $\n(\g^ξ)$, for $ξ$ nilpotent, where $\n(\g^ξ)$ is the normaliser in $\g$ of the centraliser $\g^ξ$ of $ξ$. More precisely, we have to show the following result, conjectured by D. Panyushev \cite{Panyushev} : $${\rm ind} \n(\g^ξ) = {\rm rk \g}-\dim \z(\g^ξ),$$ where $\z(\g^ξ)$ is the center of $\g^ξ$. D. Panyushev obtained in \ci…
We establish a sharpening of Kirillov's lemma on nilpotent Lie algebras with 1-dimensional center and use it to study the structure of 3-step nilpotent Lie algebras.
Let $G$ be a simple simply-connected algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>0$ with $\mathfrak{g}={\rm Lie}(G)$. We discuss various properties of nilpotent orbits in $\mathfrak{g}$, which have previously only been considered over $\mathbb{C}$. Using a combination of theoretical and computational methods, we extend to positive characteristic various calculations of de Graaf with nilpotent orbits in exceptional Lie algebras. In particular, we classify those orbits which are reachable, those which satisfy a certain related condition due to Panyushev, and deter…
We find the normal form of nilpotent elements in semisimple Lie algebras that generalizes the Jordan normal form in $\mathfrak{sl}_N$, using the theory of cyclic elements.
Hardy's type uncertainty principle on connected nilpotent Lie groups for the Fourier transform is proved. An analogue of Hardy's theorem for Gabor transform has been established for connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie groups. Finally Beurling's theorem for Gabor transform is discussed for groups of the form $\mathbb{R}_n \times K$, where $K$ is a compact group
We introduce the method of calculation of index of Lie algebras that are factors of the unitriangular Lie algebra with respect to ideals spanned by subsets of root vectors.
The metric approach to studying 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras by making use of non-degenerate scalar products is realised. We show that any 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra is isomorphic to its standard pseudo-metric form, that is a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra endowed with some standard non-degenerate scalar product compatible with Lie brackets. This choice of the standard pseudo-metric form allows to study the isomorphism properties. If the elements of the centre of the standard pseudo-metric form constitute a Lie triple system of the pseudo-orthogonal Lie algebra, then the original 2-step nilpo…
We give the number of nilpotent orbits in the Lie algebras of orthogonal groups under the adjoint action of the groups over $\tF_{2^n}$. Let $G$ be an adjoint algebraic group of type $B,C$ or $D$ defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. We construct the Springer correspondence for the nilpotent variety in the Lie algebra of $G$.
In \cite{indice}, we show the following result, conjectured by D. Panyushev \cite{Panyushev}, for $\g$ a semisimple Lie algebra: {\rm ind} \n(\g^{e}) = {\rm rk} \g-\dim \z(\g^{e}, where $\n(\g^{e})$ and $\z(\g^{e})$ are, respectively, the normaliser and the centre of the centraliser $\g^{e}$ of a nilpotent element $e$. This result is proved in \cite{indice} when $\g$ is a classical simple Lie algebra and when $e$ satisfies a certain property $(P)$. We present in this paper the computations, made using GAP4, which prove that distinguished, non-regular, nilpotent orbits in $E\_6$, $E\_7$, $E\_8$…
We determine the Lie subalgebra $\mathfrak{g}_{nil}$ of a Borcherds symmetrizable generalized Kac-Moody Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ generated by $ad$-locally nilpotent elements and show that it is `essentially' the same as the Levi subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$ with its simple roots precisely the real simple roots of $\mathfrak{g}$.
Let $G$ be an adjoint algebraic group of type $B$, $C$, or $D$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. We construct a Springer correspondence for the Lie algebra of $G$. In particular, for orthogonal Lie algebras in characteristic 2, the structure of component groups of nilpotent centralizers is determined and the number of nilpotent orbits over finite fields is obtained.
We prove and construct Shannon-like Parseval wavelet frames for a class of two step connected, and simply connected nilpotent Lie groups, using a mixture of representation theory, group Fourier theory, and Gabor theory. Moreover, we are able to compute an upperbound for the norm of these Parseval frame wavelets.
Let p be a prime, K a p-adic field, G a nilpotent, uniform pro-p group. We prove that all faithful, primitive ideals in the Iwasawa algebra KG are controlled by the centraliser of the second term in the upper central series for G.
We show that the centraliser of the maximal compact subgroup of the real orthogonal or symplectic groups acting on tensors of their standard representation are isomorphic to cyclotomic Brauer algebras. We also show that for the symplectic group this cyclotomic Brauer algebra splits into summands of walled Brauer algebras.
For locally convex, nilpotent Lie algebras we construct faithful representations by nilpotent operators on a suitable locally convex space. In the special case of nilpotent Banach-Lie algebras we get norm continuous representations by bounded operators on Banach spaces.
We obtain a recurrent and monotone method for constructing and classifying nilpotent Lie algebras by means of successive central extensions. It consists in calculating the second cohomology of an extendable nilpotent Lie algebra with the subsequent study of the orbit space geometry of the automorphism group action on Grassmannians defined in terms of the second cohomology of the extendable nilpotent Lie algebra. Such a geometric method allows to classify some classes of nilpotent Lie algebras. The concept of a rigid central extension is introduced.
We survey a few results on the boundedness of operators arising from the Weyl-Pedersen calculus associated with irreducible representations of nilpotent Lie groups.
We give a condition ensuring that the operators in a nilpotent Lie algebra of linear operators on a finite dimensional vector space have a common eigenvector.
We investigate to what extent a nilpotent Lie group is determined by its $C^*$-algebra. We prove that, within the class of exponential Lie groups, direct products of Heisenberg groups with abelian Lie groups are uniquely determined even by their unitary dual, while nilpotent Lie groups of dimension $\le 5$ are uniquely determined by the Morita equivalence class of their $C^*$-algebras. We also find that this last property is shared by the filiform Lie groups and the $6$-dimensional free two-step nilpotent Lie group.
We describe algorithms for computing the induced nilpotent orbits in semisimple Lie algebras. We use them to obtain the induction tables for the Lie algebras of exceptional type. This also yields the classification of the rigid nilpotent orbits in those Lie algebras.
For certain nilpotent real Lie groups constructed as semidirect products, algebras of invariant differential operators on some coadjoint orbits are used in the study of boundedness properties of the Weyl-Pedersen calculus of their corresponding unitary irreducible representations. Our main result is applicable to all unitary irreducible representations of arbitrary 3-step nilpotent Lie groups.
In math.DG/0312243 we developed a general classification scheme for metric Lie algebras, i.e. for finite-dimensional Lie algebras equipped with a non-degenerate invariant inner product. Here we determine all nilpotent Lie algebras l with dim l'=2 which are used in this scheme. Furthermore, we classify all nilpotent metric Lie algebras of dimension at most 10.
We give a classification of the principal and distinguished nilpotent pairs in all classical Lie algebras. As a classification of the principal pairs in the exceptional simple Lie algebras was obtained earlier (see Appendix to Ginzburg's preprint math.AG/9903059), we thus have a complete classification of principal nilpotent pairs.
We describe three methods to determine a faithful representation of small dimension for a finite-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra over an arbitrary field. We apply our methods in finding bounds for the smallest dimension $μ(\Lg)$ of a faithful $\Lg$-module for some nilpotent Lie algebras $\Lg$. In particular, we describe an infinite family of filiform nilpotent Lie algebras $\Lf_n$ of dimension $n$ over $\Q$ and conjecture that $μ(\Lf_n) > n+1$. Experiments with our algorithms suggest that $μ(\Lf_n)$ is polynomial in $n$.
We survey some aspects of the pseudo-differential Weyl calculus for irreducible unitary representations of nilpotent Lie groups, ranging from the classical ideas to recently obtained results. The classical Weyl-Hörmander calculus is recovered for the Schrödinger representation of the Heisenberg group. Our discussion concerns various extensions of this classical situation to arbitrary nilpotent Lie groups and to some infinite-dimensional Lie groups that allow us to handle the magnetic pseudo-differential calculus.
A 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra n is said to be of type (p,q)if dim(n)=p+q and dim([n,n])=p. By considering a class of 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras naturally attached to graphs, we prove that there exist indecomposable, 2-step nilpotent Lie groups of type (p,q) which do not admit a nilsoliton metric for every pair (p,q) such that 20 < q and q-2 < p < 1/2q^2-5/2q+10. This improves a result due to Jablonski.
We prove an analog of the Ado theorem - the existence of a finite-dimensional faithful representation - for a certain kind of finite-dimensional nilpotent Hom-Lie algebras.
Ulam asked whether every connected Lie group can be represented on a countable structure. This is known in the linear case. We establish it for the first family of non-linear groups, namely in the nilpotent case. Further context is discussed to illustrate the relevance of nilpotent groups for Ulam's problem.
We present some recent results on smooth vectors for unitary irreducible representations of nilpotent Lie groups. Applications to the Weyl-Pedersen calculus of pseudo-differential operators with symbols on the coadjoint orbits are also discussed.
We introduce nilpotent k-ary Lie algebras including analogues of Heisenberg Lie algebras and free nilpotent Lie algebras. We study homology of k-ary nilpotent Lie algebras by using a modification of Chevalley-Eilenberg complex. For some classes of nilpotent k-ary Lie algebras and in particular Heisenberg k-ary Lie algebras we give explicit formulas for Betti numbers. Representation stability of free nilpotent k-ary Lie algebras is proven and lower bounds for Betti numbers are described by Schur modules. We also verify that toral rank conjecture holds for the classes we studied. Moreover, for 2…
We discuss some norm estimations for integrated representations. We use the covariant transform to extend Howe's method from the Heisenberg group to general nilpotent Lie groups.
We prove that the cohomology algebra of a conilpotent Lie coalgebra is generated in degree 1 as an A-infinity algebra. By dualizing, the same is true about cohomology algebras of finite dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras. In the process, we provide a proof of the conilpotent version of the dual Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem.
We classify all pairs (m,e), where m is a positive integer and e is a nilpotent element of a semisimple Lie algebra, which arise in the classification of simple rational W-algebras.
We construct families of functions in involution for transverse Poisson structures at nilpotent elements of Lie-Poisson structures on simple Lie algebras by using the argument shift method. Examples show that these families contain completely integrable systems that consist of polynomial functions. We provide a uniform construction of these integrable systems for an infinite family of distinguished nilpotent elements of semisimple type.
