Quadratic algebras associated to pseudo-roots of noncommutative polynomials have been introduced by I. Gelfand, Retakh, and Wilson in connection with studying the decompositions of noncommutative polynomials. Later they (with S. Gelfand and Serconek) shown that the Hilbert series of these algebras and their quadratic duals satisfy the necessary condition for Koszulity. It is proved in this note that these algebras are Koszul.
Let $A$ be a Koszul Calabi-Yau algebra. We show that there exists an isomorphism of Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras between the Hochschild cohomology ring of $A$ and that of its Koszul dual algebra $A^!$. This confirms (a generalization of) a conjecture of R.~Rouquier.
Let $E$ be a Koszul Frobenius algebra. A Clifford deformation of $E$ is a finite dimensional $\mathbb Z_2$-graded algebra $E(θ)$, which corresponds to a noncommutative quadric hypersurface $E^!/(z)$, for some central regular element $z\in E^!_2$. It turns out that the bounded derived category $D^b(\text{gr}_{\mathbb Z_2}E(θ))$ is equivalent to the stable category of the maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over $E^!/(z)$ provided that $E^!$ is noetherian. As a consequence, $E^!/(z)$ is a noncommutative isolated singularity if and only if the corresponding Clifford deformation $E(θ)$ is a semisimple …
Quadratic algebras associated to graphs have been introduced by I. Gelfand, S. Gelfand, and Retakh in connection with decompositions of noncommutative polynomials. Here we show that, for each graph with rare triangular subgraphs, the corresponding quadratic algebra is a Koszul domain with global dimension equal to the number of vertices of the graph.
Associated to any uniform finite layered graph Gamma there is a noncommutative graded quadratic algebra A(Gamma) given by a construction due to Gelfand, Retakh, Serconek and Wilson. It is natural to ask when these algebras are Koszul. Unfortunately, a mistake in the literature states that all such algebras are Koszul. That is not the case and the theorem was recently retracted. We analyze the Koszul property of these algebras for two large classes of graphs associated to finite regular CW complexes, X. Our methods are primarily topological. We solve the Koszul problem by introducing new cohomo…
We define analogues of homogeneous coordinate algebras for noncommutative two-tori with real multiplication. We prove that the categories of standard holomorphic vector bundles on such noncommutative tori can be described in terms of graded modules over appropriate homogeneous coordinate algebras. We give a criterion for such an algebra to be Koszul and prove that the Koszul dual algebra also comes from some noncommutative two-torus with real multiplication. These results are based on the techniques of math.QA/0211262 allowing to interpret all the data in terms of autoequivalences of the deriv…
We study associative graded algebras which have a ``complete flag'' of cyclic modules with linear free resolutions, i.e., algebras over which there is a cyclic Koszul module with every admissible number of relations (from zero up to the number of generators of the algebra). Commutative algebras with the same property has been studied in several papers by A. Conca and others. Here we present a non-commutative version. We introduce the concept of Koszul filtration in non-commutative algebras and study its connections with Koszul algebras and algebras with quadratic Groebner bases. Also, here are…
In this paper we show that for a Koszul Calabi-Yau algebra, there is a shifted bi-symplectic structure in the sense of Crawley-Boevey-Etingof-Ginzburg, on the cobar construction of its co-unitalized Koszul dual coalgebra, and hence its DG representation schemes, in the sense of Berest-Khachatryan-Ramadoss, have a shifted symplectic structure in the sense of Pantev-Toën-Vaquié-Vezzosi.
For a Koszul Artin-Schelter regular algebra (also called twisted Calabi-Yau algebra), we show that it has a "twisted" bi-symplectic structure, which may be viewed as a noncommutative and twisted analogue of the shifted symplectic structure introduced by Pantev, Toën, Vaquié and Vezzosi. This structure gives a quasi-isomorphism between the tangent complex and the twisted cotangent complex of the algebra, and may be viewed as a DG enhancement of Van den Bergh's noncommutative Poincaré duality; it also induces a twisted symplectic structure on its derived representation schemes.
In our companion paper "The Manin Hopf algebra of a Koszul Artin-Schelter regular algebra is quasi-hereditary" we used the Tannaka-Krein formalism to study the universal coacting Hopf algebra aut(A) for a Koszul Artin-Schelter regular algebra A. In this paper we study in detail the case A=k[x,y]. In particular we give a more precise description of the standard and costandard representations of aut(A) as a coalgebra and we show that the latter can be obtained by induction from a Borel quotient algebra. Finally we give a combinatorial characterization of the simple aut(A)-representations as tens…
This paper introduces the study of LG-quadratic quotients of exterior algebras, showing that they are Koszul, as in the commutative case. We construct an example of an LG-quadratic algebra that is not G-quadratic and another example that is Koszul but not LG-quadratic. This is only the second known Koszul algebra that is not LG-quadratic and the first that is noncommutative.
We describe the Koszul dual of two quadratic operads on planar forests introduced to study the infinitesimal Hopf algebra of planar rooted trees and prove that these operads are Koszul.
We study the noncommutative Poincaré duality between the Poisson homology and cohomology of unimodular Poisson algebras, and show that Kontsevich's deformation quantization as well as Koszul duality preserve the corresponding Poincaré duality. As a corollary, the Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra structures that naturally arise in these cases are all isomorphic.
Let $\lie g$ be a simple Lie algebra and let $\bs^{\lie g}$ be the locally finite part of the algebra of invariants $(_\bc\bv\otimes S(\lie g))^{\lie g}$ where $\bv$ is the direct sum of all simple finite-dimensional modules for $\lie g$ and $S(\lie g)$ is the symmetric algebra of $\lie g$. Given an integral weight $ξ$, let $Ψ=Ψ(ξ)$ be the subset of roots which have maximal scalar product with $ξ$. Given a dominant integral weight $λ$ and $ξ$ such that $Ψ$ is a subset of the positive roots we construct a finite-dimensional subalgebra $\bs^{\lie g}_Ψ(\le_Ψλ)$ of $\bs^{\lie g}$ and prove that th…
This is a survey of recently published results. We introduce and study a wide class algebras associated to directed graphs and related to factorizations of noncommutative polynomials. In particular, we show that for many well-known graphs such algebras are Koszul and compute their Hilbert series.
We introduce a class of noncommutatative algebras called representation complete intersections (RCI). A graded associative algebra A is said to be RCI provided there exist arbitrarily large positive integers n such that the scheme Rep_n(A), of n-dimensional representations of A, is a complete intersection. We discuss examples of RCI algebras, including those arising from quivers. There is another interesting class of associative algebras called noncommutative complete intersections (NCCI). We prove that any graded RCI algebra is NCCI. We also obtain explicit formulas for the Hilbert series of …
It is shown that for every splitting of a polynomial with noncommutative coefficients into linear factors $(X-a_{k})$ with $a_{k}$'s commuting with coefficients, any cyclic permutation of linear factors gives the same result and all $a_{k}$ are roots of that polynomial. Examples are given and analyzed from Galois theory point of view.
We present a general method for computing discriminants of noncommutative algebras. It builds a connection with Poisson geometry and expresses the discriminants as products of Poisson primes. The method is applicable to algebras obtained by specialization from families, such as quantum algebras at roots of unity. It is illustrated with the specializations of the algebras of quantum matrices at roots of unity and more generally all quantum Schubert cell algebras.
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a complex simple Lie algebra and let $Ψ$ be an extremal set of positive roots. One associates with $Ψ$ an infinite dimensional Koszul algebra $\bold S_Ψ^{\lie g}$ which is a graded subalgebra of the locally finite part of $((\bold V)^{op}\tensor S(\lie g))^{\lie g}$, where $\bold V$ is the direct sum of all simple finite dimensional $\lie g$-modules. We describe the structure of the algebra $\bold S_Ψ^{\lie g}$ explicitly in terms of an infinite quiver with relations for $\lie g$ of types $A$ and $C$. We also describe several infinite families of quivers and finite dimensi…
We construct a family of connected graded domains of GK-dimension 4 that are birational to P2, and show that the general member of this family is noetherian. This disproves a conjecture of the first author and Stafford. The algebras we construct are Koszul and have global dimension 4. They fail to be Artin-Schelter Gorenstein, however, showing that a theorem of Zhang and Stephenson for dimension 3 algebras does not extend to dimension 4. The Auslander-Buchsbaum formula also fails to hold for our family. The algebras can be obtained as global sections of a certain quasicoherent graded sheaf on …
We examine the N-Koszul calculus for the N-symmetric algebras. The case N=2 corresponds to the Elie Cartan calculus. We conjecture that, as in the case N=2, the N-Cartan calculus extends to manifolds when N>2, which would provide a new type of noncommutative differential geometry.
We introduce a new formalism of differential operators for a general associative algebra A. It replaces Grothendieck's notion of differential operator on a commutative algebra in such a way that derivations of the commutative algebra are replaced by DDer(A), the bimodule of double derivations. Our differential operators act not on the algebra A itself but rather on F(A), a certain `Fock space' associated to any noncommutative algebra A in a functorial way. The corresponding algebra D(F(A)), of differential operators, is filtered and gr D(F(A)), the associated graded algebra, is commutative in …
In this paper, we show that for a Koszul $n$-homogeneous algebra $Λ$, the quadratic dual of certain twisted trivial extension is the $(n+1)$-preprojective algebra of its quadratic dual, that is, $ (Δ_νΛ)^{!,op} \simeqΠ( Λ^{ !, op })$. This is applied to the $τ$-slice algebras of stable $n$-translation algebras and gives a noncommutative version of Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand correspondence for such algebras.
We introduce the new notion of epsilon-graded associative algebras which takes its root into the notion of commutation factors introduced in the context of Lie algebras. We define and study the associated notion of epsilon-derivation-based differential calculus, which generalizes the derivation-based differential calculus on associative algebras. A corresponding notion of noncommutative connection is also defined. We illustrate these considerations with various examples of epsilon-graded algebras, in particular some graded matrix algebras and the Moyal algebra. This last example permits also t…
Let $A$ be a noetherian Koszul Artin-Schelter regular algebra, and let $f\in A_2$ be a central regular element of $A$. The quotient algebra $A/(f)$ is usually called a (noncommutative) quadric hypersurface. In this paper, we use the Clifford deformation to study the quadric hypersurfaces obtained from the tensor products. We introduce a notion of simple graded isolated singularity and proved that, if $B/(g)$ is a simple graded isolated singularity of 0-type, then there is an equivalence of triangulated categories $\underline{\text{mcm}}\,A/(f)\cong\underline{\text{mcm}}\,(A\otimes B)/(f+g)$ of…
We consider quantum symmetric algebras, FRT bialgebras and, more generally, intertwining algebras for pairs of Hecke symmetries which represent quantum hom-spaces. The paper makes an attempt to investigate Koszulness and Gorensteinness of those graded algebras without a restriction on the parameter q of the Hecke relation used earlier. When q is a root of 1, positive results require a restriction on the indecomposable modules for the Hecke algebras of type A that can occur as direct summands of representations in the tensor powers of the base space.
This paper contains detailed proofs of our results on the moduli space and the structure of noncommutative 3-spheres. We develop the notion of central quadratic form for quadratic algebras, and a general theory which creates a bridge between noncommutative differential geometry and its purely algebraic counterpart. It allows to construct a morphism from an involutive quadratic algebras to a C*-algebra constructed from the characteristic variety and the hermitian line bundle associated to the central quadratic form. We apply the general theory in the case of noncommutative 3-spheres and show th…
We consider Sklyanin algebras $S$ with 3 generators, which are quadratic algebras over a field $\K$ with $3$ generators $x,y,z$ given by $3$ relations $pxy+qyx+rzz=0$, $pyz+qzy+rxx=0$ and $pzx+qxz+ryy=0$, where $p,q,r\in\K$. This class of algebras has enjoyed much attention. In particular, using tools from algebraic geometry Artin, Tate and Van Den Berg \cite{ATV2} showed that if at least two of the parameters $p$, $q$ and $r$ are non-zero and at least two of three numbers $p^3$, $q^3$ and $r^3$ are distinct, then $S$ is Artin--Schelter regular. More specifically, $S$ is Koszul and has the sam…
These results stem from a course on ring theory. Quantum planes are rings in two variables $x$ and $y$ such that $yx=qxy$ where $q$ is a nonzero constant. When $q=1$ a quantum plane is simply a commutative polynomial ring in two variables. Otherwise a quantum plane is a noncommutative ring. Our main interest is in quadratic forms belonging to a quantum plane. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for quadratic forms to be irreducible. We find prime quadratic forms and consider more general polynomials. Every prime polynomial is irreducible and either central or a scalar multiple of $x…
