Tomotada Ohtsuki
The 2-loop polynomial is a polynomial presenting the 2-loop part of the Kontsevich invariant of knots. We show a cabling formula for the 2-loop polynomial of knots. In particular, we calculate the 2-loop polynomial for torus knots.
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We show the Morse-Novikov number of knots in $S^3$ is additive under connected sum and unchanged by cabling.
We continue our study of the degree of the colored Jones polynomial under knot cabling started in "Knot Cabling and the Degree of the Colored Jones Polynomial" (arXiv:1501.01574). Under certain hypothesis on this degree, we determine how the Jones slopes and the linear term behave under cabling. As an application we verify Garoufalidis' Slope Conjecture and a conjecture of the authors for cables of a two-parameter family of closed 3-braids called 2-fusion knots.
Cabling formula and colored knot Floer homology
本文通过带边界cabling构造，建立了任意纽结的彩色Floer同调的一般公式，将其化为普通Floer同调与彩色unknot代数，推广了Alishahi-Gorsky-Liu的结果。
Thin knots and the Cabling Conjecture
利用Heegaard Floer同调中的浸入曲线技术，证明几乎所有细纽结满足González-Acuña和Short的环面纽结猜想，仅可能例外于一类（猜想不存在的）细、双曲、L空间纽结。
The fusion number of a ribbon knot is the minimal number of 1-handles needed to construct a ribbon disk. The strong homotopy fusion number of a ribbon knot is the minimal number of 2-handles in a handle decomposition of a ribbon disk complement. We demonstrate that these invariants behave completely differently under cabling by showing that the (p,1)-cable of any ribbon knot with fusion number one has strong homotopy fusion number one and fusion number p. Our main tools are Juhász-Miller-Zemke's bound on fusion number coming from the torsion order of knot Floer homology and Hanselman-Watson's …
In this note we study Legendrian and transverse knots in the knot type of a (p,q)-cable of a knot K in 3-sphere. We give two structural theorems that describe when the (p,q)-cable of a Legendrian simple knot type K is also Legendrian simple.
We define a nontrivial mod 2 valued additive concordance invariant defined on the torsion subgroup of the knot concordance group using involutive knot Floer package. For knots not contained in its kernel, we prove that their iterated $(\text{odd},1)$-cables have infinite order in the concordance group and, among them, infinitely many are linearly independent. Furthermore, by taking $(2,1)$-cables of the aforementioned knots, we present an infinite family of knots which are strongly rationally slice but not slice.
We say that a given knot $J\subset S^3$ is detected by its knot Floer homology and $A$-polynomial if whenever a knot $K\subset S^3$ has the same knot Floer homology and the same $A$-polynomial as $J$, then $K=J$. In this paper we show that every torus knot $T(p,q)$ is detected by its knot Floer homology and $A$-polynomial. We also give a one-parameter family of infinitely many hyperbolic knots in $S^3$ each of which is detected by its knot Floer homology and $A$-polynomial. In addition we give a cabling formula for the A-polynomials of cabled knots in $S^3$, which is of independent interest. I…
Let $k\subset S^3$ be a nontrivial knot. The Cabling Conjecture of Francisco González-Acuña and Hamish Short posits that $π$-Dehn surgery on $k$ produces a reducible manifold if and only if $k$ is a $(p,q)$-cable knot and the surgery slope $π$ equals $pq$. We extend the work of James Allen Hoffman to prove the Cabling Conjecture for knots with bridge number up to $5$.
Closed 3-string braids admit many bandings to two-bridge links. By way of the Montesinos Trick, this allows us to construct infinite families of knots in the connected sum of lens spaces L(r,1) # L(s,1) that admit a surgery to a lens space for all pairs of integers (r,s) except (0,0). These knots are typically hyperbolic. We also demonstrate that the previously known two families of examples of hyperbolic knots in non-prime manifolds with lens space surgeries of Eudave-Munoz--Wu and Kang all fit this construction. As such, we propose a generalization of the Cabling Conjecture of Gonzales-Acuna…
We classify which positive integral surgeries on positive torus knots bound rational homology balls. Additionally, for a given knot K we consider which cables K(p,q) admit integral surgeries that bound rational homology balls. For such cables, let S(K) be the set of corresponding rational numbers q/p. We show that S(K) is bounded for each K. Moreover, if n-surgery on K bounds a rational homology ball then n is an accumulation point for S(K).
This is the second of three papers that refine and extend portions of our earlier preprint, "The depth of a knot tunnel." Together, they rework the entire preprint. The theory of tunnel number 1 knots that we introduced in "The tree of knot tunnels" yields a parameterization in which each tunnel is described uniquely by a finite sequence of rational parameters and a finite sequence of 0's and 1's, that together encode a procedure for constructing the knot and tunnel. In this paper we calculate these invariants for all tunnels of torus knots.
The unknotting number of knots is a difficult quantity to compute, and even its behavior under basic satelliting operations is not understood. We establish a lower bound on the unknotting number of cable knots and iterated cable knots purely in terms of the winding number of the pattern. The proof uses Alishahi-Eftekhary's bounds on unknotting number from knot Floer homology together with Hanselman-Watson's computation of the knot Floer homology of cables in terms of immersed curves in the punctured torus.
We prove that if positive integer p-surgery along a knot K \subset S^3 produces an L-space and it bounds a sharp 4-manifold, then the knot genus obeys the bound 2g(K) -1 \leq p - \sqrt{3p+1}. Moreover, there exists an infinite family of pairs (K_n,p_n) attaining this bound, where K_n denotes an n-fold iterated cable of the unknot and p_n \to \infty. In particular, the stated bound applies when the knot surgery produces a lens space or a connected sum thereof. Combined with work of Gordon-Luecke, Hoffman, and Matignon-Sayari, it follows that if surgery along a knot produces a connected sum of l…
We study the behavior of the degree of the colored Jones polynomial and the boundary slopes of knots under the operation of cabling. We show that, under certain hypothesis on this degree, if a knot $K$ satisfies the Slope Conjecture then a $(p, q)$-cable of $K$ satisfies the conjecture, provided that $p/q$ is not a Jones slope of $K$. As an application we prove the Slope Conjecture for iterated cables of adequate knots and for iterated torus knots. Furthermore we show that, for these knots, the degree of the colored Jones polynomial also determines the topology of a surface that satisfies the …
We examine geometric properties of a knot J that are unchanged by taking a (p,q)-cable K of J. Specifically, we relate w(K) to w(J), where w(K) is the width of K in the sense of Gabai. We use this information to demonstrate that thin position is a minimal bridge position of J if and only if the same is true for K, and more generally we show that any thin position of K is an "obvious" cabling of a thin position of J. We conclude by proving that J is meridionally small (mp-small) if and only if K is meridionally small (mp-small), and if J is mp-small and every non-minimal bridge position of J is…
We continue our study of the knot Floer homology invariants of cable knots. For large |n|, we prove that many of the filtered subcomplexes in the knot Floer homology filtration associated to the (p,pn+1) cable of a knot, K, are isomorphic to those of K. This result allows us to obtain information about the behavior of the Ozsvath-Szabo concordance invariant under cabling, which has geometric consequences for the cabling operation. Applications considered include quasipositivity in the braid group, the knot theory of complex curves, smooth concordance, and lens space (or, more generally, L-spac…
The Heegaard Floer correction term ($d$-invariant) is an invariant of rational homology 3-spheres equipped with a Spin$^c$ structure. In particular, the correction term of 1-surgeries along knots in $S^3$ is a ($2\mathbb{Z}$-valued) knot concordance invariant $d_1$. In this paper, we estimate $d_1$ for the $(2,q)$-cable of any knot $K$. This estimate does not depend on the knot type of $K$. If $K$ belongs to a certain class which contains all negative knots, then equality holds. As a corollary, we show that the relationship between $d_1$ and the Heegaard Floer $τ$-invariant is very weak in gen…
In this paper we will show how to classify Legendrian and transverse knots in the knot type of "sufficiently positive" cables of a knot in terms of the classification of the underlying knot. We will also completely explain the phenomena of "Legendrian large" cables. These are Legendrian representatives of cables that have Thurston-Bennequin invariant larger that the framing coming from the cabling torus. Such examples have only recently, and unexpectedly, been found. We will also give criteria that determines the classification of Legendrian and transverse knots the the knot type of negative c…
We prove a cabling formula for the concordance invariant $ν^+$, defined by the author and Hom. This gives rise to a simple and effective 4-ball genus bound for many cable knots.
Ribbon concordance and cabling
本文提出关于 ribbon concordance 与缆化纽结的猜想，证明其在特定情形成立，运用纽结 Floer 同调的最小高度不变量，还得到相关亏格界，为纽结理论研究提供新结论。
We study Legendrian knots in a cabled knot type. Specifically, given a topological knot type K, we analyze the Legendrian knots in knot types obtained from K by cabling, in terms of Legendrian knots in the knot type K. As a corollary of this analysis, we show that the (2,3)-cable of the (2,3)-torus knot is not transversely simple and moreover classify the transverse knots in this knot type. This is the first classification of transverse knots in a non-transversely-simple knot type. We also classify Legendrian knots in this knot type and exhibit the first example of a Legendrian knot that does …
On the multiplicity of Knot Floer order under cabling
本文研究L-空间结的缆结下结Floer阶的乘性，证明在多数条件下Ord(K)+1在p上乘性，并计算q<2p时的阶，建立上界并应用于编织指数猜想。
We prove an explicit cabling formula for the colored Jones polynomial. As an application we prove the volume conjecture for all zero volume knots and links, i.e. all knots and links that are obtained from the unknot by repeated cabling and connected sum.
We prove that the (p,q)-cable of a knot K in S^3 admits a positive L-space surgery if and only if K admits a positive L-space surgery and q/p \geq 2g(K)-1, where g(K) is the Seifert genus of K. The "if" direction is due to Hedden.
This paper is devoted to the study of the knot Floer homology groups HFK(S^3,K_{2,n}), where K_{2,n} denotes the (2,n) cable of an arbitrary knot, K. It is shown that for sufficiently large |n|, the Floer homology of the cabled knot depends only on the filtered chain homotopy type of CFK(K). A precise formula for this relationship is presented. In fact, the homology groups in the top 2 filtration dimensions for the cabled knot are isomorphic to the original knot's Floer homology group in the top filtration dimension. The results are extended to (p,pn+-1) cables. As an example we compute HFK((T…
We prove that the class of topological knot types that are both Legendrian simple and satisfy the uniform thickness property (UTP) is closed under cabling. An immediate application is that all iterated cabling knot types that begin with negative torus knots are Legendrian simple. We also examine, for arbitrary numbers of iterations, iterated cablings that begin with positive torus knots, and establish the Legendrian simplicity of large classes of these knot types, many of which also satisfy the UTP. In so doing we obtain new necessary conditions for both the failure of the UTP and Legendrian n…
We determine the relationship between the contact structure induced by a fibered knot, K, in the three-sphere and the contact structures induced by its various cables. Understanding this relationship allows us to classify fibered cable knots which bound a properly embedded complex curve in the four-ball satisfying a genus constraint. This generalizes the well-known classification of links of plane curve singularities.
We prove that an iterated torus knot type fails the uniform thickness property (UTP) if and only if all of its iterations are positive cablings, which is precisely when an iterated torus knot type supports the standard contact structure. We also show that all iterated torus knots that fail the UTP support cabling knot types that are transversely non-simple.
We compute the Kauffman bracket skein module of the complement of a twist knot, finding that it is free and infinite dimensional. The basis consists of cables of a two-component link, one component of which is a meridian of the knot. The cabling of the meridian can be arbitrarily large while the cabling of the other component is limited to the number of twists.
In this paper, a generalized version of Morton's formula is proved. Using this formula, one can write down the colored Jones polynomials of cabling of an knot in terms of the colored Jones polynomials of the original knot.
We present a new theory which describes the collection of all tunnels of tunnel number 1 knots in the 3-sphere (up to orientation-preserving equivalence in the sense of Heegaard splittings) using the disk complex of the genus-2 handlebody and associated structures. It shows that each knot tunnel is obtained from the tunnel of the trivial knot by a uniquely determined sequence of simple cabling constructions. A cabling construction is determined by a single rational parameter, so there is a corresponding numerical parameterization of all tunnels by sequences of such parameters and some addition…
We define a concordance invariant, epsilon(K), associated to the knot Floer complex of K, and give a formula for the Ozsváth-Szabó concordance invariant tau of K_{p,q}, the (p,q)-cable of a knot K, in terms of p, q, tau(K), and epsilon(K). We also describe the behavior of epsilon under cabling, allowing one to compute tau of iterated cables. Various properties and applications of epsilon are also discussed.
A Cable Knot and BPS-Series II
本文将八字结的cabling推广至无限族，提出双变量级数不变量的一般公式，并用递归方法验证猜想，为计算3-流形的WRT不变量铺平道路。
In this paper, we study the behavior of $Υ_K(t)$ under the cabling operation, where $Υ_K(t)$ is the knot concordance invariant defined by Ozsváth, Stipsicz, and Szabó, associated to a knot $K\subset S^3$. The main result is an inequality relating $Υ_K(t)$ and $Υ_{K_{p,q}}(t)$, which generalizes the inequalities of Hedden and Van Cott on the Ozsváth-Szabó $τ$-invariant. As applications, we give a computation of $Υ_{(T_{2,-3})_{2,2n+1}}(t)$ for $n\geq 8$, and we also show that the set of iterated $(p,1)$-cables of $Wh^{+}(T_{2,3})$ for any $p\geq 2$ span an infinite-rank summand of topologically…
A model of random walk on knot diagrams is used to study the Alexander polynomial and the colored Jones polynomial of knots. In this context, the inverse of the Alexander polynomial of a knot plays the role of an Ihara-Selberg zeta function of a directed weighted graph, counting with weights cycles of random walk on a 1-string link whose closure is the knot in question. The colored Jones polynomial then counts with weights families of ``self-avoiding'' cycles of random walk on the cabling of the 1-string link. As a consequence of such interpretations of the Alexander and colored Jones polynomi…
We give new tightness criteria for positive surgeries along knots in the 3-sphere, generalising results of Lisca and Stipsicz, and Sahamie. The main tools will be Honda, Kazez and Matic's, Ozsvath and Szabo's Floer-theoretic contact invariants. We compute the Ozsvath and Szabo's invariant of positive contact surgeries along Legendrian knots in the 3-sphere in terms of the classical invariants of the knot. We also combine a Legendrian cabling construction with contact surgeries to get results about rational contact surgeries.
A Combinatorial Description of the Knot Concordance Invariant Epsilon
本文给出配边不变量 ε 的组合描述，利用网格同调证明其性质，计算环面纽结的 ε 值，并研究其在缆化下的行为。
Turaev-Viro invariants and cabling operations
本文研究环面边界3-流形在附加$(p,q)$-缆绳空间时Turaev-Viro不变量的变化，证明Chen-Yang体积猜想在互素$p,q$下对缆绳操作稳定，方法基于Reshetikhin-Turaev TQFT线性算子$RT_r$的可逆性条件。
In the present paper we discuss the cabling procedure for the colored HOMFLY polynomial. We describe how it can be used and how one can find all the quantities such as projectors and $\mathcal{R}$-matrices, which are needed in this procedure. The constructed matrix forms of the projectors and the fundamental $\mathcal{R}$-matrices allow one in principle (neglecting the computational difficulties) to find the HOMFLY polynomial in any representation for any knot. We also discuss the group theory explanation of the cabling procedure. This leads to the explanations of the form of the fundamental $…
The Colored Jones Function does not determine any colored Links--Gould polynomial
该研究证明有色琼斯多项式无法统一描述$\text{LG}^{(n)}$，通过$n=1$的情况及奇数绞合公式、范德蒙德论证，得出$n\boldsymbol{\text{≥}}2}$时两类纽结的卫星可被$\text{LG}^{(n)}$区分的结论。
Hom and Wu introduced a knot concordance invariant called $ν^+$, which dominates many concordance invariants derived from Heegaard Floer homology. In this paper, we give a full-twist inequality for $ν^+$. By using the inequality, we extend Wu's cabling formula for $ν^+$ (which is proved only for particular positive cables) to all cables in the form of an inequality. In addition, we also discuss $ν^+$-equivalence, which is an equivalence relation on the knot concordance group. We introduce a partial order on $ν^+$-equivalence classes, and study its relationship to full-twists.
On the colored Links--Gould polynomial
本文通过缆绳公式将彩色Links-Gould多项式与V_2多项式关联，并推导出其曲率界及亚历山大多项式特例，扩展了n=1时的研究成果。
L-space satellite operators and knot Floer homology
本文针对对应二分支 L-空间链环的卫星算子，利用 Heegaard Floer 手术公式证明其卫星纽结 Floer 复形可由原纽结复形计算，并提供 Python 实现。
This paper is part expository and part presentation of calculational results. The target space of the Kontsevich integral for knots is a space of diagrams; this space has various algebraic structures which are described here. These are utilized with Le's theorem on the behaviour of the Kontsevich integral under cabling and with the Melvin-Morton Theorem, to obtain, in the Kontsevich integral for torus knots, both an explicit expression up to degree five and the general coefficients of the wheel diagrams.
On the slice genus of generalized algebraic knots
本文通过构造代数切片但四亏格为二的代数纽结线性组合，推广了Hedden–Kirk–Livingston的迭代环面纽结例子，并利用Casson–Gordon不变量与缆绳公式给出亏格下界。
A series invariant of a complement of a knot was introduced recently. The invariant for several prime knots up to ten crossings have been explicitly computed. We present the first example of a satellite knot, namely, a cable of the figure eight knot, which has more than ten crossings. This cable knot result provides nontrivial evidence for the conjectures for the series invariant and demonstrates the robustness of integrality of the quantum invariant under the cabling operation. Furthermore, we observe a relation between the series invariant of the cable knot and the series invariant of the fi…
We begin the systematic study of knot polynomials for the twist satellites of a knot, when its strand is substituted by a 2-strand twist knot. This is a generalization of cabling (torus satellites), when the substitute of the strand was a torus knot. We describe a general decomposition of satellite's colored HOMFLY in those of the original knot, where contributing are adjoint and other representations from the "$E_8$-sector", what makes the story closely related to Vogel's universality. We also point out a problem with lifting the decomposition rule to the level of superpolynomials -- it looks…
Invariant splitting principles for the Lipshitz--Ozsváth--Thurston correspondence
该研究证明Lipshitz-Ozsváth-Thurston对应关系的不变分裂原理，给出从伴随纽结对合Floer同调计算卫星同调的新方法，还构造了无限多个一次稳定化后仍奇异的可缩4-流形对。
We extend Hoste-Shanahan's calculations for the A-polynomial of twist knots, to give an explicit formula.
We compute the knot Floer filtration induced by a cable of the meridian of a knot in the manifold obtained by large integer surgery along the knot. We give a formula in terms of the original knot Floer complex of the knot in the three-sphere. As an application, we show that a knot concordance invariant of Hom can equivalently be defined in terms of filtered maps on the Heegaard Floer homology groups induced by the two-handle attachment cobordism of surgery along a knot.
We prove that parities on virtual knots come from invariant 1-cycles on the arcs of knot diagrams. In turn, the invariant cycles are determined by quasi-indices on the crossings of the diagrams. The found connection between the parities and the (quasi)-indices allows to define a new series of parities on virtual knots.
We provide a formula for the Dubrovnik polynomial of a rational knot in terms of the entries of the tuple associated with a braid-form diagram of the knot. Our calculations can be easily carried out using a computer algebra system.
We calculate the Chern-Simons invariants of the hyperbolic double twist knot orbifolds using the Schläfli formula for the generalized Chern-Simons function on the family of cone-manifold structures of double twist knots.
We present a new method to produce simple formulas for 1-cocycles of knots over the integers, inspired by Polyak-Viro's formulas for finite-type knot invariants. We conjecture that these formulas always represent finite-type cohomology classes in the sense of Vassiliev. An example of degree 3 is studied, and shown to coincide over Z/2 with the Teiblum-Turchin cocycle v_3^1.
An explicit formula for the $A$-polynomial of the knot with Conway's notation $C(2n,3)$ is obtained from the explicit Riley-Mednykh polynomial of it.
We develop homological techniques for finding explicit combinatorial expressions of finite-type cohomology classes of spaces of knots in $R^n, n \ge 3,$ generalizing Polyak--Viro formulas for invariants (i.e. 0-dimensional cohomology classes) of knots in $R^3$. As the first applications we give such formulas for the (reduced mod 2) {\em generalized Teiblum--Turchin cocycle} of order 3 (which is the simplest cohomology class of {\em long knots} $R^1 \hookrightarrow R^n$ not reducible to knot invariants or their natural stabilizations), and for all integral cohomology classes of orders 1 and 2 o…
We calculate the Chern-Simons invariants of the twist knot orbifolds using the Schläfli formula for the generalized Chern-Simons function on the family of the twist knot cone-manifold structures. Following the general instruction of Hilden, Lozano, and Montesinos-Amilibia, we here present the concrete formulae and calculations. We use the Pythagorean Theorem \cite{HMP} to relate the complex length of the longitude and the complex distance between the two axes fixed by two generators. As an application, we calculate the Chern-Simons invariants of cyclic coverings of the hyperbolic twist knot or…
We construct a filtered mapping cone formula that computes the knot Floer complex of the $(n,1)$--cable of the knot meridian in any rational surgery, generalizing Truong's result about the $(n,1)$--cable of the knot meridian in large surgery and Hedden-Levine's filtered mapping cone formula. As an application, we show that there exist knots in integer homology spheres with arbitrary $φ_{i,j}$ values for any $i>j\geq 0$, where $φ_{i,j}$ are the concordance homomorphisms defined by Dai-Hom-Stoffregen-Truong.
A formula for the volume of two-bridge knots
该研究提出了双桥纽结体积（即Bloch不变量）的闭式公式，无需对纽结补空间三角剖分，通过补空间基本群第二同调的Hopf公式与Fox导数的系统运用推导得出，为双桥纽结体积计算提供了新途径。
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