Doug Bullock, Walter Lo Faro
We compute the Kauffman bracket skein module of the complement of a twist knot, finding that it is free and infinite dimensional. The basis consists of cables of a two-component link, one component of which is a meridian of the knot. The cabling of the meridian can be arbitrarily large while the cabling of the other component is limited to the number of twists.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
Skein modules are the main objects of an algebraic topology based on knots (or position). In the same spirit as Leibniz we would call our approach "algebra situs." When looking at the panorama of skein modules we see, past the rolling hills of homologies and homotopies, distant mountains - the Kauffman bracket skein module, and farther off in the distance skein modules based on other quantum invariants. We concentrate here on the basic properties of the Kauffman bracket skein module; properties fundamental in further development of the theory. In particular we consider the relative Kauffman br…
Carrega has shown that the Kauffman bracket skein module of the 3-torus over the field of rational functions in the variable A can be generated by 9 skein elements. We show this set of generators is linearly independent.
We use recoupling theory to study the Kauffman bracket skein module of the quaternionic manifold over Z[A,A^{-1}] localized by inverting all the cyclotomic polynomials. We prove that the skein module is spanned by five elements. Using the quantum invariants of these skein elements and the Z_2 homology of the manifold, we determine that they are linearly independent.
Kauffman bracket skein homology from Heegaard splittings
本文通过组合方式将三维流形的 Kauffman 括号编织模扩展为同调论，该同调依赖于三维流形的 Heegaard 分裂。
Let k be a subring of the field of rational functions in α, s which contains α^{1}, α^{-1}, s^{1}, s^{-1}, . Let M be a compact oriented 3-manifold, and let K(M) denote the Kauffman skein module of M over k. Then K(M) is the free k-module generated by isotopy classes of framed links in M modulo the Kauffman skein relations. In the case of k={Q}(α, s), the field of rational functions in α, s, we give a basis for the Kauffman skein module of the solid torus and a basis for the relative Kauffman skein module of the solid torus with two points on the boundary. We then show that K(S^{1} \times S^2)…
Let k be an integral domain containing the invertible elements α, s and \frac{1}{s-s^{-1}}. If M is an oriented 3-manifold, let K(M) denote the Kauffman skein module of M over k. Based on the work on Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebra by Beliakova and Blanchet, we give an ``idempotent-like'' basis for the Kauffman skein module of handlebodies. Gilmer and Zhong have studied the Homflypt skein modules of a connected sum of two 3-manifolds, here we study the case for the Kauffman skein module and show that K(M_1 # M_2) is isomorphic to K(M_1) tensor K(M_2) over a certain localized ring, where M_1 # M_…
The Kauffman bracket skein module $S(M)$ of a 3-manifold $M$ is a $\mathbb{Q}(A)$-vector space spanned by links in $M$ modulo the so-called Kauffman relations. In this article, for any closed oriented surface $Σ$ we provide an explicit spanning family for the skein modules $S(Σ\times S^1)$. Combined with earlier work of Gilmer and Masbaum, we answer their question about the dimension of $S(Σ\times S^1)$ being $2^{2g+1} + 2g -1$.
For each closed, orientable surface F, we construct a local, diffeomorphism invariant trace on the Kauffman bracket skein module K_t(F x [0,1]). The trace is defined when |t| is neither 0 nor 1, and at certain roots of unity. At t = - 1, the trace is integration against the symplectic measure on the SU(2) character variety of the fundamental group of F.
We calculate the Kauffman bracket skein module (KBSM) of the complement of all two-bridge links. For a two-bridge link, we show that the KBSM of its complement is free over the ring $\BC[t^{\pm 1}]$ and when reducing $t=-1$, it is isomorphic to the ring of regular functions on the character variety of the link group.
Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the 4-holed disk
本研究基于秩4自由群的SL(2,ℂ)特征簇的相关洞见，给出了四穿孔圆盘的Kauffman括号skein代数的单项式基并找到其表示，推进了相关代数结构的研究。
This paper is focused on the structure of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of a punctured surface at roots of unity. A criterion that determines when a collection of skeins forms a basis of the skein algebra as an extension over the $SL(2,{\mathbb C})$ characters of the fundamental group of the surface, with appropriate localization is given. This is used to prove that when the algebra is localized so that every nonzero element of the center has a multiplicative inverse, that it is a division algebra. Finally, it is proved that the localized skein algebra can be split over its center as a te…
This paper resolves the unicity conjecture of Bonahon and Wong for the Kauffman bracket skein algebras of all oriented finite type surfaces at all roots of unity. The proof is a consequence of a general unicity theorem that says that the irreducible representations of a prime affine $k$-algebra over an algebraically closed field $k$, that is finitely generated as a module over its center, are generically classified by their central characters. The center of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of any orientable surface at any root of unity is characterized, and it is proved that the skein algebr…
Let $F$ be a finite type surface and $ζ$ a complex root of unity. The Kauffman bracket skein algebra $K_ζ(F)$ is an important object in both classical and quantum topology as it has relations to the character variety, the Teichmüller space, the Jones polynomial, and the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev Topological Quantum Field Theories. We compute the rank and trace of $K_ζ(F)$ over its center, and we extend a theorem of Frohman and Kania-Bartoszynska which says the skein algebra has a splitting coming from two pants decompositions of $F$.
A relationship between the Kauffman bracket skein algebras and Roger-Yang skein algebras of some small surfaces
本文研究了环面的Roger-Yang skein代数与Kauffman括号 skein代数之间的关系，通过同态映射刻画了代数的不可约有限维表示，并计算了结构常数以支持正性猜想。
Frobenius Algebras Derived from the Kauffman Bracket Skein Algebra
本文研究了特定曲面在$2N$次单位根处的skein模，并由此构造出Frobenius代数。
Following the recent work by Chan, and by Morton and Hadji on the Homflypt polynomials of some generalized Hopf links, we investigate the Kauffman polynomials of generalized Hopf links. By studying the Kauffman skein module of the solid torus S^1\times D^2, we establish a similar skein map on the Kauffman skein module of S^1\times D^2 which has distinct eigenvalues. Furthermore we are able to calculate the Kauffman polynomials of some specific generalized Hopf links.
We study the structure of the Kauffman algebra of a surface with parameter equal to sqrt(-1). We obtain an interpretation of this algebra as an algebra of parallel transport operators acting on sections of a line bundle over the moduli space of flat connections in a trivial SU(2)-bundle over the surface. We analyse the asymptotics of traces of curve-operators in TQFT in non standard regimes where the root of unity parametrizing the TQFT accumulates to a root of unity. We interpret the case of sqrt(-1) in terms of parallel transport operators.
Presentations of Kauffman bracket skein algebras of planar surfaces
本文在含特定可逆元的交换环上，通过显式生成元与关系展示了平面曲面的Kauffman括号skein代数，该展示独立于环且可视为幺模矩阵迹代数的量子化。
The nth relative Kauffman bracket skein modules are defined and two theorems are given relating them to the Kauffman bracket skein module of a 3-manifold. The first theorem covers the case when the 3-manifold is split along a separating closed orientable surface and the second theorem addresses the case when the surface is nonseparating.
The Kauffman Bracket Skein Module at an irreducible representation
本文研究闭定向三维流形在非四倍数单位根处的 Kauffman 括号 skein 模，证明其在不可约表示对应极大理想处的局部化是一维自由模，并由此给出同调球 skein 模维数的下界及有理函数系数的维数计算。
In this paper we study the skein algebras of marked surfaces and the skein modules of marked 3-manifolds. Muller showed that skein algebras of totally marked surfaces may be embedded in easy to study algebras known as quantum tori. We first extend Muller's result to permit marked surfaces with unmarked boundary components. The addition of unmarked components allows us to develop a surgery theory which enables us to extend the Chebyshev homomorphism of Bonahon and Wong between skein algebras of unmarked surfaces to a "Chebyshev-Frobenius homomorphism" between skein modules of marked 3-manifolds…
On the Kauffman bracket skein module of $(S^1 \times S^2) \ \# \ (S^1 \times S^2)$
本文在 Laurent 多项式环上计算了非素流形 $(S^1 \ imes S^2) \# (S^1 \ imes S^2)$ 的 Kauffman 括号 skein 模，通过分析 handle sliding 关系子模给出合适基，并证明其不能分解为自由子模与挠子模的直和。
On the structure of Kauffman bracket skein algebra of a surface
本文证明了对于定向曲面，基于满足特定条件的嵌入图可构造Kauffman bracket skein代数的生成集，且其定义关系理想由次数至多为6的关系生成。
We show that the Kauffman bracket skein module of a cylinder over the torus embeds as a subalgebra of the noncommutative torus. Using this we derive nice formulas for the Jones-Wenzl idempotents and analyze the structure of the Kauffman bracket skein module of the unknot as a module over the Kauffman bracket skein module of a cylinder over the torus.
By introducing a finer version of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra, we show how to decompose the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of a surface into elementary blocks corresponding to the triangles in an ideal triangulation of the surface. The new skein algebra of an ideal triangle has a simple presentation. This gives an easy proof of the existence of the quantum trace map of Bonahon and Wong. We also explain the relation between our skein algebra and the one defined by Muller, and use it to show that the quantum trace map can be extended to the Muller skein algebra.
Based on the presentation of the Kauffman bracket skein module of the torus given by the third author in previous work, Charles D. Frohman and Răzvan Gelca established a complete description of the multiplicative operation leading to a famous product-to-sum formula. In this paper, we study the multiplicative structure of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the thickened four-holed sphere. We present an algorithm to compute the product of any two elements of the algebra, and give an explicit formula for some families of curves. We surmise that the algorithm has quasi-polynomial growth with re…
We investigate aspects of Kauffman bracket skein algebras of surfaces and modules of 3-manifolds using quantum torus methods. These methods come in two flavors: embedding the skein algebra into a quantum torus related to quantum Teichmuller space, or filtering the algebra and obtaining an associated graded algebra that is a monomial subalgebra of a quantum torus. We utilize the former method to generalize the Chebyshev homomorphism of Bonahon and Wong between skein algebras of surfaces to a Chebyshev-Frobenius homomorphism between skein modules of marked 3-manifolds, in the course of which we …
We give a presentation of the Kauffman (BMW) skein algebra of the torus, which is the "type BCD" analogue of the Homflypt skein algebra of torus which was computed by the first and third authors. In the appendix we show this presentation is compatible with the Frohman-Gelca description of the Kauffman bracket (Temperley-Lieb) skein algebra of the torus [FG00].
Stated Skein Theory and Double Affine Hecke Algebra Representations
本文通过标示skein理论扩展Kauffman括号skein代数，将其嵌入量子6-环面构造洛朗多项式模，从而发展A_1型双重仿射Hecke代数的表示理论，并从纽结补空间构建拓扑定义的模。
Khovanov defined graded homology groups for links L in R^3 and showed that their polynomial Euler characteristic is the Jones polynomial of L. Khovanov's construction does not extend in a straightforward way to links in I-bundles M over surfaces F not D^2 (except for the homology with Z/2 coefficients only). Hence, the goal of this paper is to provide a nontrivial generalization of his method leading to homology invariants of links in M with arbitrary rings of coefficients. After proving the invariance of our homology groups under Reidemeister moves, we show that the polynomial Euler character…
Sliced skein algebras and geometric Kauffman bracket
本文研究有限型曲面的切片 skein 代数，证明其为整环，计算单位根时的中心与 PI 次数，并引入 ρ-约化 skein 模，证明其维数性质与单模性。
We describe, for a few small examples, the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of a surface crossed with an interval. If the surface is a punctured torus the result is a quantization of the symmetric algebra in three variables (and an algebra closely related to a cyclic quantization of $U(so_3$). For a torus without boundary we obtain a quantization of "the symmetric homologies" of a torus (equivalently, the coordinate ring of the $SL_2(C)$-character variety of $Z \oplus Z$). Presentations are also given for the four punctured sphere and twice punctured torus. We conclude with an investigation of c…
Presentations of skein algebras of genus 2
该研究给出亏格2的闭或单洞定向曲面的考夫曼括号纽结代数的表示，为亏格大于1的相关问题提供了首个此类结果。
In this paper we introduce the notion of admissible skein modules associated to an ideal in a pivotal category. We explain how these modules are generalizations of the Kauffman skein algebra and how they relate to renormalized quantum invariants coming from non-semisimple categories.
In this paper we compute the Kauffman bracket skein module of the complement of $(2, 2p+1)$-torus knots, $KBSM(T_{(2, 2p+1)}^c)$, via braids. We start by considering geometric mixed braids in $S^3$, the closure of which are mixed links in $S^3$ that represent links in the complement of $(2, 2p+1)$-torus knots, $T_{(2, 2p+1)}^c$. Using the technique of parting and combing, we obtain algebraic mixed braids, that is, mixed braids that belong to the mixed braid group $B_{2, n}$ and that are followed by their ``coset'' part, that represents $T_{(2, 2p+1)}^c$. In that way we show that links in $T_{(…
We compute the Kauffman skein module of the complement of torus knots in S^3. Precisely, we show that these modules are isomorphic to the algebra of Sl(2,C)-characters tensored with the ring of Laurent polynomials.
Let $M$ be a compact orientable 3-manifold. The set of characters of $SL_2({\mathbb C})$ representations of the fundamental group of $M$ forms a closed affine algebraic set. We show that its coordinate ring is isomorphic to a specialization of the Kauffman bracket skein module modulo its nilradical. This is accomplished by making the module into a combinatorial analog of the ring, in which tools of skein theory are exploited to illuminate relations among characters. We conclude with an application, proving that a small manifold's specialized module is necessarily finite dimensional.
We derive a formula expanding the bracket with respect to a natural deformation parameter. The expansion is in terms of a two-variable polynomial algebra of diagram resolutions generated by basic operations involving the Goldman bracket. A functorial characterization of this algebra is given. Differentiability properties of the star product underlying the Kauffman bracket are discussed.
On torsion in the Kauffman bracket skein module of $3$-manifolds
本文针对 Kirby 问题 1.92(E)-(G)，基于 $SL_2(\mathbb{C})$-特征簇大小给出 Kauffman 括号 skein 模存在挠元的新判据，提供反例，并证明 Seifert 流形上挠元存在等价于存在双侧非边界平行本质曲面。
The Kauffman bracket skein module $K(M)$ of a 3-manifold $M$ is defined over formal power series in the variable $h$ by letting $A=e^{h/4}$. For a compact oriented surface $F$, it is shown that $K(F \times I)$ is a quantization of the $\g$-characters of the fundamental group of $F$, corresponding to a geometrically defined Poisson bracket. Finite type invariants for unoriented knots and links are defined. Topologically free Kauffman bracket modules are shown to generate finite type invariants. It is shown for compact $M$ that $K(M)$ can be generated as a module by cables on a finite set of kno…
Kauffman bracket skein modules of small 3-manifolds
本文开发了一种计算闭3-流形Kauffman括号skein模的新方法，证明了在驯顺和既约条件下其维数等于特征簇闭点数，并首次实现了对闭双曲3-流形skein模的计算。
Let Sigma be a closed oriented surface of genus g. We show that the Kauffman bracket skein module of Sigma x S^1 over the field of rational functions in A has dimension at least 2^{2g+1}+2g-1.
We obtain a family of skein identities in the Kauffman bracket skein module which relate Frobenius elements to Jones-Wenzl projectors at roots of unity. We view these skein identities as certain incarnations of Steinberg tensor product formulae from the theory of tilting modules of the quantum group $U_q(sl_2)$. We show that the simplest skein identities yield a short new proof of the existence of the Chebyshev-Frobenius homomorphism of Bonahon-Wong.
For any n>1 we define an isotopy invariant, <Gamma>_n, for a certain set of n-valent ribbon graphs Gamma in R^3, including all framed oriented links. We show that our bracket coincides with the Kauffman bracket for n=2 and with the Kuperberg's bracket for n=3. Furthermore, we prove that for any n, our bracket of a link L is equal, up to normalization, to the SU_n-quantum invariant of L. We show a number of properties of our bracket extending those of the Kauffman's and Kuperberg's brackets, and we relate it to the bracket of Murakami-Ohtsuki-Yamada. Finally, on the basis of the skein relations…
When $A$ in the Kauffman bracket skein relation is a primitive $2N$th root of unity, where $N\geq 3$ is odd, the Kauffman bracket skein algebra $K_N(F)$ of a finite type surface $F$ is a ring extension of the $SL_2\mathbb{C}$-characters $χ(F)$ of the fundamental group of $F$. We localize by inverting the nonzero characters to get an algebra $S^{-1}K_N(F)$ over the function field of the character variety. We prove that if $F$ is noncompact, the algebra $S^{-1}K_N(F)$ is a symmetric Frobenius algebra. Along the way we prove $K(F)$ is finitely generated, $K_N(F)$ is a finite rank module over $χ(F…
The paper shows the computation of the noncommutative generalization of the A-polynomial of the trefoil knot. The classical A-polynomial was introduced by Cooper, Culler, Gillet, Long and Shalen, and was generalized to the context of Kauffman bracket skein modules by the author in joint work with Frohman and Lofaro. A major step in determining the noncommutative version of the A-polynomial of the trefoil is the description of the action of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the torus on the skein module of the knot complement. As such, the computation reduces to operations with noncommutati…
Center of the stated skein algebra
本文研究单位根情形下有标记 skein 代数的中心结构，给出其简单描述并计算该代数作为中心上模的维数。
We compute the factorisation homology of the four-punctured sphere and punctured torus over the quantum group $\mathcal{U}_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ explicitly as categories of equivariant modules using the framework of `Integrating Quantum Groups over Surfaces' by Ben-Zvi, Brochier, and Jordan. We identify the algebra of invariants (quantum global sections) with the spherical double affine Hecke algebra of type $(C^\vee_1,C_1)$, in the four-punctured sphere case, and with the `cyclic deformation' of $U(su_2)$ in the punctured torus case. In both cases, we give an identification with the correspondi…
We show that the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of any oriented surface F (possibly with marked points in its boundary) has no zero divisors and that its center is generated by knots parallel to the unmarked components of the boundary of F. Furthermore, we show that skein algebras are Noetherian and Ore. Our proofs rely on certain filtrations of skein algebras induced by pants decompositions of surfaces. We prove some basic algebraic properties of the associated graded algebras along the way.
In this work, we extend some results from the Kauffman bracket and HOMFLYPT skein theories to the Kauffman (Dubrovnik) skein theory. A definition is given for ``power sum" type elements $\widetilde{P}_k$ in the Dubrovnik skein algebra of the annulus $\mathcal{D}(A)$. These elements generalize the Chebyshev polynomials often used when studying Kauffman bracket skein algebras. Threadings of the $\widetilde{P}_k$ are used as generators in a presentation of the Dubrovnik skein algebra of the torus $\mathcal{D}(T^2)$, where they are shown to satisfy simple relations. This description of $\mathcal{D…
Skein modules and character varieties of Seifert manifolds
本文证明闭Seifert纤维化3-流形的Kauffman括号skein模有限生成当且仅当流形不可约且非Haken，并计算其维数等于特征簇的点数。
We consider hyperbolic links that admit alternating projections on surfaces in compact, irreducible 3-manifolds. We show that, under some mild hypotheses, the volume of the complement of such a link is bounded below in terms of a Kauffman bracket function defined on link diagrams on the surface. In the case that the 3-manifold is a thickened surface, this Kauffman bracket function leads to a Jones-type polynomial that is an isotopy invariant of links. We show that coefficients of this polynomial provide 2-sided linear bounds on the volume of hyperbolic alternating links in the thickened surfac…
We introduce a new class of quantum enhancements we call biquandle brackets, which are customized skein invariants for biquandle colored links.Quantum enhancements of biquandle counting invariants form a class of knot and link invariants that includes biquandle cocycle invariants and skein invariants such as the HOMFLY-PT polynomial as special cases, providing an explicit unification of these apparently unrelated types of invariants. We provide examples demonstrating that the new invariants are not determined by the biquandle counting invariant, the knot quandle, the knot group or the traditio…
We generalize our previous work on categorification of Kauffman bracket skein module of surfaces, by extending our homology to tangles in cylinders over surfaces, F x [0,1]. Our homology of 0-tangles and 1-tangles in D^3 coincides (up to normalization) with Khovanov link homology and the reduced Khovanov link homology. We prove the basic properties of our homology. In particular, the short exact sequence of homologies of skein related tangles and the Kunneth formula for the tensor product of tangles.
The Kauffman bracket skein modules, S(M,A), have been calculated for A=+1,-1, for all 3-manifolds M by relating them to the SL(2,C)-character varieties. We extend this description to the case when A is a 4-th root of 1 and M is either a surface x [0,1] or a rational homology sphere (or its submanifold).
Biquandle brackets define invariants of classical and virtual knots and links using skein invariants of biquandle-colored knots and links. Biquandle coloring quivers categorify the biquandle counting invariant in the sense of defining quiver-valued enhancements which decategorify to the counting invariant. In this paper we unite the two ideas to define biquandle bracket quivers, providing new categorifications of biquandle brackets. In particular, our construction provides an infinite family of categorifications of the Jones polynomial and other classical skein invariants.
A direct relationship between the (non-quantum) group SU(2) and the Kauffman bracket in the framework of Chern-Simons theory is explicitly shown.
Stated skein modules of 3-manifolds and TQFT
本文推广Kauffman括号纽结模至带标记3-流形得到带标记纽结模，证明量子参数为1的根时连通和相关自然映射非单射，还推导其作为幺半群对称函子的性质及与霍奇同调的关系。
We show that Kauffman brackets of colored framed graphs (also known as quantum spin networks) can be renormalized to a Laurent polynomial with integer coefficients by multiplying it by a coefficient which is a product of quantum factorials depending only on the abstract combinatorial structure of the graph. Then we compare the shadow-state sums and the state-sums based on $R$-matrices and Clebsch-Gordan symbols, reprove their equivalence and comment on the integrality of the weight of the states. We also provide short proofs of most of the standard identities satisfied by quantum $6j$-symbols …
We introduce a quotient of the affine Temperley-Lieb category that encodes all weight-preserving linear maps between finite-dimensional sl(2)-representations. We study the diagrammatic idempotents that correspond to projections onto extremal weight spaces and find that they satisfy similar properties as Jones-Wenzl projectors, and that they categorify the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. This gives a categorification of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the annulus, which is well adapted to the task of categorifying the multiplication on the Kauffman bracket skein module of the tor…
扫码添加微信好友，提出您的宝贵建议 👇
💡 备注请填写：网站反馈
发表机构由 AI 从论文文本抽取，如发现错误，欢迎反馈修正建议。