设E是亏格为g的类属曲线上秩为r，度为d的类属向量丛.若r 'd-rd'= r '（r-r'）（g-1），则E的秩r'度d'的子丛E'的个数是有限的.我们提出了一种计算此类E'的数量的新方法，该方法包括将曲线退化为可约曲线。对于r ′ = 1（Oxbury定理）和r=4，r ′ = 2的情况，我们得到了非常明确的公式。
英文摘要：
Let E be a generic vector bundle of rank r and degree d on a generic curve of genus g. If r'd-rd'=r'(r-r')(g-1), the number of subbundles E' of E of rank r' and degree d' is finite. We present a new method to compute the number of such E' that consists in degenerating the curve to a reducible curve. We obtain very explicit formulae for r'=1 (Oxbury's Theorem) and also in the case r=4, r'=2.
Let $C$ be a smooth projective curve and $W$ a symplectic bundle over $C$. Let $LQ_e (W)$ be the Lagrangian Quot scheme parametrizing Lagrangian subsheaves $E \subset W$ of degree $e$. We give a closed formula for intersection numbers on $LQ_e (W)$. As a special case, for $g \ge 2$, we compute the number of Lagrangian subbundles of maximal degree of a general stable symplectic bundle, when this is finite. This is a symplectic analogue of Holla's enumeration of maximal subbundles in [13].
Let $E$ be a rank 2, degree $d$ vector bundle over a genus $g$ curve $C$. The loci of stable pairs on $E$ in class $2[C]$ fixed by the scaling action are expressed as products of $\Quot$ schemes. Using virtual localization, the stable pairs invariants of $E$ are related to the virtual intersection theory of $\Quot E$. The latter theory is extensively discussed for an $E$ of arbitrary rank; the tautological ring of $\Quot E$ is defined and is computed on the locus parameterizing rank one subsheaves. In case $E$ has rank 2, $d$ and $g$ have opposite parity, and $E$ is sufficiently generic, it is…
A symplectic bundle over an algebraic curve has a natural invariant $\sLag$ determined by the maximal degree of its Lagrangian subbundles. This can be viewed as a generalization of the classical Segre invariants of a vector bundle. We give a sharp upper bound on $\sLag$ which is analogous to the Hirschowitz bound on the classical Segre invariants. Furthermore, we study the stratifications induced by $\sLag$ on moduli spaces of symplectic bundles, and get a full picture for the case of rank four.
An orthogonal bundle over a curve has an isotropic Segre invariant determined by the maximal degree of a Lagrangian subbundle. This invariant, and the induced stratifications on moduli spaces of orthogonal bundles, were studied for bundles of even rank in [4]. In this paper, we obtain analogous results for bundles of odd rank. We obtain a sharp upper bound on the isotropic Segre invariant. We show the irreducibility of the induced strata on the moduli spaces of orthogonal bundles of odd rank, and compute their dimensions. As a key ingredient of the proofs, we study the correspondence between L…
We define the Gromov-Witten invariants for the parabolic bundles over an orbifold $C$ in various situation. Those bring us to refine this notion to get an accurate computation of the number of maximal subbundles of a sufficiently general parabolic bundle by means of the Intriligator-Varfa formula.
Suppose N is an affine SL(2,R)-invariant submanfold of the moduli space of pairs (M,w) where M is a curve, and w is a holomorphic 1-form on M. We show that the Forni bundle of N (i.e. the maximal SL(2,R)-invariant isometric subbundle of the Hodge bundle of N) is always flat and is always orthogonal to the tangent space of N. As a corollary, it follows that the Hodge bundle of N is semisimple.
Let Gr(2, E) be the Grassmann bundle of two-planes associated to a general bundle E over a curve X. We prove that an embedding of Gr(2, E) by a certain twist of the relative Plücker map is not secant defective. This yields a new and more geometric proof of the Hirschowitz-type bound on the Lagrangian Segre invariant for orthogonal bundles over X, analogous to those given for vector bundles and symplectic bundles in [2, 3]. From the non-defectivity we also deduce an interesting feature of a general orthogonal bundle over X, contrasting with the classical and symplectic cases: Any maximal Lagran…
A symplectic or orthogonal bundle $V$ of rank $2n$ over a curve has an invariant $t(V)$ which measures the maximal degree of its isotropic subbundles of rank $n$. This invariant $t$ defines stratifications on moduli spaces of symplectic and orthogonal bundles. We study this stratification by relating it to another one given by secant varieties in certain extension spaces. We give a sharp upper bound on $t(V)$, which generalizes the classical Nagata bound for ruled surfaces and the Hirschowitz bound for vector bundles, and study the structure of the stratifications on the moduli spaces. In part…
Formulas for Lagrangian and orthogonal degeneracy loci; the Q-polynomials approach
设V是赋非退化辛或正交形式的概型X上的向量丛。设G是V的极大迷向子丛的参数化的Grassmannian丛，本文的主要目的是给出G中的轨迹类的公式，这些轨迹类的参数化子丛与V的迷向子丛的固定旗的连续成员相交，维数大于1，2，3，…. .我们给出的公式是G上重言丛的Q-多项式和旗成员的旗S-多项式的二次表达式。这些公式全球化的拉格朗日和正交退化轨迹。它们对于X中两个极大迷向子丛相交维数超过给定数的点的轨迹有特别好的形式。（几年前，哈里斯提出了一个寻找这些轨迹公式的问题。）在这种情况下，我们的公式是应用于E和F的Q多项式的简单二次表达式。本文推广了[P.Pragacz，Schur S-和Q-多项式的代数几何应用，SLN 1478（1991），130-191]中给出的公式。其应用之一是计算Pryms中Brill-Noether基因座的类别，见[De Concini，P. Pragacz，On the class of Brill-Noether loci for Prym varieties，Math.Ann.302（1995），687-697]。
Let $f:C\rightarrow D$ be a nonconstant separable morphism between irreducible smooth projective curves defined over an algebraically closed field. We say that $f$ is genuinely ramified if ${\mathcal O}_D$ is the maximal semistable subbundle of $f_*{\mathcal O}_C$ (equivalently, the homomorphism of etale fundamental groups is surjective). We prove that the pullback $f^*E\rightarrow C$ is stable for every stable vector bundle $E$ on $D$ if and only if $f$ is genuinely ramified.
Let $X$ be a non-singular quasi-projective variety over a field, and let $\mathcal E$ be a vector bundle over $X$. Let $\mathbb G_X({d}, \mathcal E)$ be the Grassmann bundle of $\mathcal E$ over $X$ parametrizing corank $d$ subbundles of $\mathcal E$, and denote by $θ$ the Plücker class of $\mathbb G_X({d}, \mathcal E)$, that is, the first Chern class of the universal quotient bundle over $\mathbb G_X({d}, \mathcal E)$. In this short note, a closed formula for the push-forward of powers of $θ$ is given in terms of the Schur polynomials in Segre classes of $\mathcal E$, which yields a degree fo…
Let $X$ be a smooth projective complex curve of genus $g \geq 2$ and let $\M_X(2,Λ)$ be the moduli space of semi-stable rank-$2$ vector bundles over $X$ with fixed determinant $Λ$. We show that the wobbly locus, i.e., the locus of semi-stable vector bundles admitting a non-zero nilpotent Higgs field is a union of divisors $\Ww_k \subset \M_X(2,Λ)$. We show that on one wobbly divisor the set of maximal subbundles is degenerate. We also compute the class of the divisors $\Ww_k$ in the Picard group of $\M_X(2,Λ)$.
Consider a flat bundle over a complex curve. We prove a conjecture of Fei Yu that the sum of the top k Lyapunov exponents of the flat bundle is always greater or equal to the degree of any rank k holomorphic subbundle. We generalize the original context from Teichmueller curves to any local system over a curve with non-expanding cusp monodromies. As an application we obtain the large genus limits of individual Lyapunov exponents in hyperelliptic strata of Abelian differentials. Understanding the case of equality with the degrees of subbundle coming from the Hodge filtration seems challenging, …
Algebraic and geometric structures associated with Birkhoff strata of Sato Grassmannian are analyzed. It is shown that each Birkhoff stratum $Σ_S$ contains a subset $W_{\hat{S}}$ of points for which each fiber of the corresponding tautological subbundle $TB_{W_S}$ is closed with respect to multiplication. Algebraically $TB_{W_S}$ is an infinite family of infinite-dimensional commutative associative algebras and geometrically it is an infinite tower of families of algebraic curves. For the big cell the subbundle $TB_{W_\varnothing}$ represents the tower of families of normal rational (Veronese)…
Let $X$ be a non-singular quasi-projective variety over a field, and let $\mathcal E$ be a vector bundle over $X$. Let $\mathbb G_X({d}, \mathcal E)$ be the Grassmann bundle of $\mathcal E$ over $X$ parametrizing corank $d$ subbundles of $\mathcal E$ with projection $π: {\mathbb G_X({d}, \mathcal E)} \to X$, and let $ \mathcal Q \gets π^*\mathcal E$ be the universal quotient bundle of rank $d$. In this article, a closed formula for $π_{*}\operatorname{ch} (\det \mathcal Q)$, the push-forward of the Chern character of the Plücker line bundle $\det \mathcal Q$ by $π$ is given in terms of the Seg…
We study the isotropic Quot schemes $IQ_e (V)$ parameterizing degree $e$ isotropic subsheaves of maximal rank of an orthogonal bundle $V$ over a curve. The scheme $IQ_e (V)$ contains a compactification of the space $IQ^o_e (V)$ of degree $e$ maximal isotropic subbundles, but behaves quite differently from the classical Quot scheme, and the Lagrangian Quot scheme in [6]. We observe that for certain topological types of $V$, the scheme $IQ_e (V)$ is empty for all $e$. In the remaining cases, for infinitely many $e$ there are irreducible components of $IQ_e (V)$ consisting entirely of nonsaturate…
We propose a new method, using deformation theory, to study the maximal rank conjecture. For line bundles of extremal degree, which can be viewed as the first case to test the conjecture, we prove that maximal rank conjecture holds by our new method.
Consider the flat bundle on $\mathrm{CP}^1 - \{0,1,\infty \}$ corresponding to solutions of the hypergeometric differential equation $ \prod_{i=1}^h (\mathrm D - α_i) - z \prod_{j=1}^h (\mathrm D - β_j) = 0$ where $\mathrm D = z \frac {d}{dz}$. For $α_i$ and $β_j$ distinct real numbers, this bundle is known to underlie a complex polarized variation of Hodge structure. Setting the complete hyperbolic metric on $\mathrm{CP}^1 - \{0,1,\infty \}$, we associate $n$ Lyapunov exponents to this bundle. We compute the parabolic degrees of the holomorphic subbundles induced by the variation of Hodge str…
The classification of maximal plane curves of degree $3$ over $\mathbb{F}_4$ will be given, which complements Hirschfeld-Storme-Thas-Voloch's theorem on a characterization of Hermitian curves in $\mathbb{P}^2$. This complementary part should be understood as the classification of Sziklai's example of maximal plane curves of degree $q-1$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$. Although two maximal plane curves of degree $3$ over $\mathbb{F}_4$ up to projective equivalence over $\mathbb{F}_4$ appear, they are birationally equivalent over $\mathbb{F}_4$ each other.
We show that a free surface in $P^3$ is characterized by the maximality of the degree of its singular subscheme, in the presence of an additional tameness condition. This is similar to the characterization of free plane curves by the maximality of their global Tjurina number given by A. A. du Plessis and C.T.C. Wall. Simple characterizations of the nearly free tame surfaces are also given.
Using elliptic structures, we show that any supersingular K3 surface of Artin invariant $1$ in characteristic $p \not= 5$, $7$, $13$ has an automorphism the entropy of which is the natural logarithm of a Salem number of degree $22$.
We study the maximal Salem degree of automorphisms of K3 surfaces via elliptic fibrations. By generalizing \cite{EOY14}, we establish a characterization of such maximum in terms of elliptic fibrations with infinite automorphism groups. As an application, we show that any supersingular K3 surface in odd characteristic has an automorphism the entropy of which is the natural logarithm of a Salem number of degree $22$.
It has been conjectured that the optimal canonical degree of a minimal surface of general type is 36, from a work in the 70's of Beauville who proved that 36 was an upper bound. The highest canonical degree known for the problem was 16 by Persson in 1978. The purpose of this article is to confirm the conjecture by providing an explicit surface.
We explicitly construct Brill--Noether general $K3$ surfaces of genus $4,6$ and $8$ having the maximal number of elliptic pencils of degrees $3, 4$ and $5$, respectively, and study their moduli spaces and moduli maps to the moduli space of curves. As an application we prove the existence of Brill--Noether general $K3$ surfaces of genus $4$ and $6$ without stable Lazarsfeld--Mukai bundles of minimal $c_2$.
If E is a flat bundle of rank r over a Kähler manifold X, we define the Lyapunov spectrum of E: a set of r numbers controlling the growth of flat sections of E, along Brownian trajectories. We show how to compute these numbers, by using harmonic measures on the foliated space P(E). Then, in the case where X is compact, we prove a general inequality relating the Lyapunov exponents and the degrees of holomorphic subbundles of E and we discuss the equality case.
It was shown by A. Beauville that if the canonical map $φ_{|K_M|}$ of a complex smooth projective surface $M$ is generically finite, then ${\rm deg}(φ_{|K_M|})\leq 36$. The first example of a surface with canonical degree 36 was found by the second author. In this article, we show that for any surface which is a degree four Galois étale cover of a fake projective plane $X$ with the largest possible automorphism group ${\rm Aut}(X)=C_7:C_3$ (the unique non-abelian group of order 21), the base locus of the canonical map is finite, and we verify that 35 of these surfaces have maximal canonical de…
Below we consider the evolutes of plane real-algebraic curves and discuss some of their complex and real-algebraic properties. In particular, for a given degree $d\ge 2$, we provide lower bounds for the following four numerical invariants: 1) the maximal number of times a real line can intersect the evolute of a real-algebraic curve of degree $d$; 2) the maximal number of real cusps which can occur on the evolute of a real-algebraic curve of degree $d$; 3) the maximal number of (cru)nodes which can occur on the dual curve to the evolute of a real-algebraic curve of degree $d$; 4) the maximal n…
Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve with genus $g\geq3$. Let $\mathcal{N}$ be the moduli space of stable rank two vector bundles on $X$ with a fixed determinant $\mathcal{O}_X(-x)$ for $x\in X$. In this paper, as a generalization of Kiem and Castravet's works, we study the stable maps in $\mathcal{N}$ with genus $0$ and degree $3$. Let $P$ be a natural closed subvariety of $\mathcal{N}$ which parametrizes stable vector bundles with a fixed subbundle $L^{-1}(-x)$ for a line bundle $L$ on $X$. We describe the stable map space $\mathbf{M}_0(P,3)$. It turns out that the space $\mathbf{M}_0(P,3)$ …
Let C be a general curve of genus g, embedded in P^r via a general linear series of degree d. In this paper, we prove the Maximal Rank Conjecture, which determines the Hilbert function of C.
Let $Z$ be an algebraic subvariety of a Shimura variety. We extend results of the first author to prove an effective upper bound for the degree of a non-facteur maximal special subvariety of $Z$.
设C是亏格为g的代数曲线。设E是秩为n，度为d的向量丛.考虑E的秩为n'的所有子丛F'中最大度为d '的子丛。则s_n ′（E）= n ′ d-nd ′ \le n ′（n-n ′）g.如果E是稳定的s_n '（E）>0，而如果E是一般的s_n'（E）\ge n '（n-n'）（g-1）. Lange证明了：若0<s \le n '（n-n'）（g-1），则存在稳定向量丛s_n '（E）=s.我们证明了这一结果的通用曲线。我们还阐明了在区间n '（n-n'）（g-1）<s \le n '（n-n'）g中发生的情况。班布里拉-帕兹和兰格用不同的方法得到了类似的结果。
The degree of a projective subscheme has an upper bound in term of the codimension and the reduction number. If a projective variety has an almost maximal degree, that is, the degree equals to the upper bound minus one, then its Betti table has been described explicitly. We build on this work by showing that for most of such varieties, the defining ideals are componentwise linear and in particular the componentwise linearity is suitable for classifying the Betti tables of such varieties. As an application, we compute the Betti table of all varieties with almost maximal degree and componentwise…
We present local classification results for isolated singularities of functions with respect to a Nambu structure (multi-vector field) of maximal degree, in a neighbourhood of a smooth point of its degeneracy hypersurface. The results depend on a logarithmic version of the Brieskorn-Sebastiani theorem, which guarantees the finiteness and freeness of the corresponding deformation module. This relates the functional moduli of the classification problem with the integrals of logarithmic forms along the vanishing cycles of the complement of the Milnor fibers of the restriction of the function on t…
Given a dominant rational self-map on a projective variety over a number field, we can define the arithmetic degree at a rational point. It is known that the arithmetic degree at any point is less than or equal to the first dynamical degree. In this article, we show that there are densely many $\overline{\mathbb Q}$-rational points with maximal arithmetic degree (i.e. whose arithmetic degree is equal to the first dynamical degree) for self-morphisms on projective varieties. For unirational varieties and abelian varieties, we show that there are densely many rational points with maximal arithme…
We consider Lyapunov exponents for flat bundles over hyperbolic curves defined via parallel transport over the geodesic flow. We refine a lower bound obtained by Eskin, Kontsevich, Moeller and Zorich showing that the sum of the first k exponents is greater or equal than the sum of the degree of any rank k holomorphic subbundle of the flat bundle and the asymptotic degree of its equivariant developing map. We also show that this inequality is an equality if the base curve is compact. We moreover relate the asymptotic degree to the dynamical degree defined by Daniel and Deroin. We then use the p…
In this paper, we prove the degree upper bound of projective subschemes in terms of the reduction number and show that the maximal cases are only arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay subschemes with linear resolution. Furthermore, it can be shown that there are only two types of reduced, irreducible projective varieties with almost maximal degree. We also give explicit Betti tables for almost maximal cases. Interesting examples are provided to understand our main results.
We prove that any surjective self-morphism with $δ_f > 1$ on a potentially dense smooth projective surface defined over a number field $K$ has densely many $L$-rational points for a finite extension $L/K$.
We study the maximum likelihood degree of linear concentration models in algebraic statistics. We relate the geometry of the reciprocal variety to that of semidefinite programming. We show that the Zariski closure in the Grassmanian of the set of linear spaces that do not attain their maximal possible maximum likelihood degree coincides with the Zariski closure of the set of linear spaces defining a projection with non-closed image of the positive semidefinite cone. In particular, this shows that this closure is a union of coisotropic hypersurfaces.
