Andrea Altomani, Mauro Nacinovich
In this paper we take up the problem of describing the CR vector bundles M over compact standard CR manifolds S, which are themselves standard CR manifolds. They are associated to special graded Abelian extensions of semisimple graded CR algebras.
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We study graded symmetric algebras, which are the symmetric monoids in the monoidal category of vector spaces graded by a group. We show that a finite dimensional graded semisimple algebra is graded symmetric. The center of a symmetric algebra is not necessarily symmetric, but we prove that the center of a finite dimensional graded division algebra is symmetric, provided that the order of the grading group is not divisible by the characteristic of the base field.
Groupoid Graded Semisimple Rings
本文研究群体学分级半单环的理论，提出Γ₀-artinian概念，并证明了Wedderburn-Artin定理的群体学分级版本，同时探讨了群体学分级环的自由性及与半单范畴的关系。
We continue our study of the McKay Correspondence for grading preserving actions of semisimple Hopf algebras H on (noncommutative) Artin-Schelter regular algebras A. Here, we establish correspondences between module categories over A^H, over A\#H, and over \End_{A^H} A. We also study homological properties of (endomorphism rings of) maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over A^H.
In establishing a more general version of the McKay correspondence, we prove Auslander's theorem for actions of semisimple Hopf algebras H on noncommutative Artin-Schelter regular algebras A of global dimension two, where A is a graded H-module algebra, and the Hopf action on A is inner faithful with trivial homological determinant. We also show that each fixed ring A^H under such an action arises an analogue of a coordinate ring of a Kleinian singularity.
Semisimple elements and the little Weyl group of real semisimple $Z_m$-graded Lie algebras
本文研究 Vinberg θ-表示的半单轨道，通过证明限制根超平面与小 Weyl 群复反射超平面相等的技术性结果，并利用 Galois 上同调分类实 Cartan 子空间及具有实代表元的轨道，推广了既有定理。
A description of all normal Hopf subalgebras of a semisimple Drinfeld double is given. This is obtained by considering an analogue of Goursat's lemma concerning fusion subcategories of Deligne products of two fusion categories. As an application we show that the Drinfeld double of any abelian extension is also an abelian extension.
From the viewpoint of higher homological algebra, we introduce pure semisimple $n$-abelian category, which is analogs of pure semisimple abelian category. Let $Λ$ be an Artin algebra and $\mathcal{M}$ be an $n$-cluster tilting subcategory of $Mod$-$Λ$. We show that $\mathcal{M}$ is pure semisimple if and only if each module in $\mathcal{M}$ is a direct sum of finitely generated modules. Let $\mathfrak{m}$ be an $n$-cluster tilting subcategory of $mod$-$Λ$. We show that $Add(\mathfrak{m})$ is an $n$-cluster tilting subcategory of $Mod$-$Λ$ if and only if $\mathfrak{m}$ has an additive generator…
For any finitely generated abelian group $Q$, we reduce the problem of classification of $Q$-graded simple Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of "good" characteristic to the problem of classification of gradings on simple Lie algebras. In particular, we obtain the full classification of finite-dimensional $Q$-graded simple Lie algebras over any algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$ based on the recent classification of gradings on finite dimensional simple Lie algebras. We also reduce classification of simple graded modules over any $Q$-graded Lie algebra (not necessari…
In this article we provide a complete characterization of abelian group rings which are Köthe rings. We also provide characterizations of (possibly non-abelian) group rings over division rings which are Köthe rings, both in characteristic zero and in prime characteristic, and prove a Maschke type result for pure semisimplicity of group rings. Furthermore, we illustrate our results by several examples.
Given a grading by an abelian group G on a semisimple Lie algebra L over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, we classify up to isomorphism the simple objects in the category of finite-dimensional G-graded L-modules. The invariants appearing in this classification are computed in the case when L is simple classical (except for type D4, where a partial result is given). In particular, we obtain criteria to determine when a finite-dimensional simple L-module admits a G-grading making it a graded L-module.
Wedderburn decomposition of commutative semisimple group algebras using the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz
该研究从几何角度出发，利用Combinatorial Nullstellensatz得到有限阿贝尔群及有限域上半单交换群代数的Wedderburn分解的单分量，完善了相关代数结构的刻画。
Differential graded orders, their class groups and idèles
该研究针对半单微分分次$K$-代数定义了微分分次$R$-序，证明其含于极大微分分次序，发展了微分分次环论，定义了相应类群与伊代尔并建立满射关系，还构造了同调类群同态与类Mayer-Vietoris序列。
Let A be a finite dimensional algebra over a field of characteristic zero graded by a finite abelian group G. Here we study a growth function related to the graded polynomial identities satisfied by A by computing the exponential rate of growth of the sequence of graded codimensions of A. We prove that the G-exponent of A exists and is an integer related in an explicit way to the dimension of a suitable semisimple subalgebra of A.
Let A,B be finite dimensional G-graded algebras over an algebraically closed field K with char(K)=0, where G is an abelian group, and let Id_G(A) be the set of graded identities of A (res. Id_G(B)). We show that if A,B are G-simple then there is a graded embedding of A in B iff Id_G(B) is contained in Id_G(A). We also give a weaker generalization for the case where A is G-semisimple and B is arbitrary.
We prove a graded version of Alev-Polo's rigidity theorem: the homogenization of the universal enveloping algebra of a semisimple Lie algebra and the Rees ring of the Weyl algebras $A_n(k)$ cannot be isomorphic to their fixed subring under any finite group action. We also show the same result for other classes of graded regular algebras including the Sklyanin algebras.
Let $q>2$ be a prime number, $d$ be an odd square-free natural number, and $n$ be a non-negative integer. We prove that a semisimple quasitriangular Hopf algebra of dimension $dq^n$ is solvable in the sense of Etingof, Nikshych and Ostrik. In particular, if $n\leq 3$ then it is either isomorphic to $k^G$ for some abelian group $G$, or twist equivalent to a Hopf algebra which fits into a cocentral abelian exact sequence.
We develop a mechanism for classication of isomorphism types of non-trivial semisimple Hopf algebras whose group of grouplikes $G(H)$ is abelian of prime index $p$ which is the smallest prime divisor of $|G(H)|$. We describe structure of the second cohomology group of extensions of $\k C_p$ by $\k^G$ where $C_p$ is a cyclic group of order $p$ and $G$ a finite abelian group. We carry out an explicit classification for Hopf algebras of this kind of dimension $p^4$ for any odd prime $p$. The ground field is algebraically closed of characteristic $0$.
The Kumjian-Pask algebra KP(Λ) is a graded algebra associated to a higher-rank graph Λand is a generalization of the Leavitt path algebra of a directed graph. We analyze the minimal left-ideals of KP(Λ), and identify its socle as a graded ideal by describing its generators in terms of a subset of vertices of the graph. We characterize when KP(Λ) is semisimple, and obtain a complete structure theorem for a semisimple Kumjian-Pask algebra.
Axial algebras are non-associative algebras generated by semisimple idempotents whose adjoint actions obey a fusion law. Axial algebras that are generated by two such idempotents play a crucial role in the theory. We classify all primitive 2-generated axial algebras whose fusion laws have two eigenvalues and all graded primitive 2-generated axial algebras whose fusion laws have three eigenvalues. This represents a significant broadening in our understanding of axial algebras.
Direct limits of graded matrix algebras
本文研究了有限阿贝尔群下矩阵代数的直接极限，给出了其有级数K0群的显式描述，并探讨了该极限吸收有级数除环的条件。
In one of his last papers, Boris Weisfeiler proved that if modular semisimple Lie algebra possesses a solvable maximal subalgebra which defines in it a long filtration, then associated graded algebra is isomorphic to one constructed from the Zassenhaus algebra tensored with the divided powers algebra. We completely determine such class of algebras, calculating in process low-dimensional cohomology groups of Zassenhaus algebra tensored with any associative commutative algebra.
Let G be a group and let W be an algebra over a field K. We will say that W is a G-graded twisted algebra if W can be written as a direct sum over the elements of G of one dimensional K-vector spaces. It is also assumed that W has no monomial which is a zero divisor. We also demand that W has a multiplicative identity element. We focus in the case where G is a finite abelian group and the field K is either the real numbers or the complex numbers. In this article, using methods of group cohomology, we classify all associative G-graded twisted algebras in the case G is a finite abelian group. On…
Semisimple Algebras and PI-Invariants of Finite Dimensional Algebras
本文证明了特征零代数闭域上仿射PI-代数存在唯一极小半单代数，并将该结果完全推广至非仿射有限群分次设定，给出了分次单代数同构的PI-等价判据。
Given a Lie algebra $L$ graded by a group $G$, if $L$ is does not contain orthogonal graded ideals and $G$ is generated by the support of $L$, then $G$ is an abelian group.
Universal enveloping of a graded Lie algebra
本文构造了非阿贝尔群阶化下的李代数阶化泛包络代数，证明其存在唯一性，推导了Witt定理与Ado定理的阶化版本，并探讨了李阶化与阿贝尔阶化的等价性问题。
Let $H$ be a finite dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra, $A$ a differential graded (dg for short) $H$-module algebra. Then the smash product algebra $A\#H$ is a dg algebra. For any dg $A\#H$-module $M$, there is a quasi-isomorphism of dg algebras: $\mathrm{RHom}_A(M,M)\#H\longrightarrow \mathrm{RHom}_{A\#H}(M\ot H,M\ot H)$. This result is applied to $d$-Koszul algebras, Calabi-Yau algebras and AS-Gorenstein dg algebras
We prove that for any finite-dimensional differential graded algebra with separable semisimple part the category of perfect modules is equivalent to a full subcategory of the category of perfect complexes on a smooth projective scheme with a full separable semi-exceptional collection. Moreover, we also show that it gives a characterization of such categories assuming that a subcategory is idempotent complete and has a classical generator.
In the first section of the paper, we will give some basic definitions and properties about Crystalline Graded Rings. In the following section we will provide a general description of the center. Afterwards, the case where the grading group is Abelian finite will be handled. The center will have some properties of a crystalline graded ring, but not all. We will call this Arithmetically Crystalline Graded. The center is crystalline graded if the part of degree zero is a principal ideal domain. The last section deals with the case where the grading group is non-Abelian finite. Since this situati…
We study {\em disemisimple} Lie algebras, i.e., Lie algebras which can be written as a vector space sum of two semisimple subalgebras. We show that a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ is disemisimple if and only if its solvable radical coincides with its nilradical and is a prehomogeneous $\mathfrak{s}$-module for a Levi subalgebra $\mathfrak{s}$ of $\mathfrak{g}$. We use the classification of prehomogeneous $\mathfrak{s}$-modules for simple Lie algebras $\mathfrak{s}$ given by Vinberg to show that the solvable radical of a disemisimple Lie algebra with simple Levi subalgebra is abelian. We extend th…
In this paper, we consider graded associative conformal algebras. The class of these objects includes pseudo-algebras over non-cocommutative Hopf algebras of regular functions on some linear algebraic groups. In particular, an associative conformal algebra which is graded by a finite group $Γ$ is a pseudo-algebra over the coordinate Hopf algebra of a linear algebraic group $G$ such that the identity component $G^0$ is the affine line and $G/G^0\simeq Γ$. A classification of simple and semisimple graded associative conformal algebras of finite type is obtained.
Posets of finite GK-dimensional graded pre-Nichols algebras of diagonal type
本文分类了具有有限 Gelfand-Kirillov 维数的对角型分次 pre-Nichols 代数，通过正根子集的偏序集同构进行刻画，推广了小量子群的中心扩张，并分类了相关幂么代数群函数代数的分次商。
In this paper we classify real trivectors in dimension 9. The corresponding classification over the field C of complex numbers was done by Vinberg and Elashvili in 1978. One of the main tools used for their classification was the construction of the representation of SL(9,C) on the space of complex trivectors of C^9 as a theta-representation corresponding to a Z/3Z-grading of the simple complex Lie algebra of type E8. This divides the trivectors into three groups: nilpotent, semisimple, and mixed trivectors. Our classification follows the same pattern. We use Galois cohomology to obtain the cl…
The classification of gradings by abelian groups on finite direct sums of simple finite-dimensional nonassociative algebras over an algebraically closed field is reduced, by means of the use of loop algebras, to the corresponding problem for simple algebras. This requires a good definition of (free) products of group-gradings.
As an extension of previous ungraded work, we define a graded $p$-polar ring to be an analog of a graded commutative ring where multiplication is only allowed on $p$-tuples (instead of pairs) of elements of equal degree. We show that the free affine $p$-adic group scheme functor, as well as the free formal group functor, defined on $k$-algebras for a perfect field $k$ of characteristic $p$, factors through $p$-polar $k$-algebras. It follows that the same is true for any affine $p$-adic or formal group functor, in particular for the functor of $p$-typical Witt vectors. As an application, we sho…
In this paper solvable Leibniz algebras with naturally graded non-Lie $p$-filiform $(n-p\geq4)$ nilradical and with one-dimensional complemented space of nilradical are described. Moreover, solvable Leibniz algebras with abelian nilradical and extremal (minimal, maximal) dimensions of complemented space nilradical are studied. The rigidity of solvable Leibniz algebras with abelian nilradical and maximal dimension of its complemented space is proved.
On the graded singularity category of Abelian quotient singularities, I. Smooth categorical compactification
针对有限 Abel 子群作用于仿射空间所得商奇点，本文利用非交换 crepant 消解构造其非交换射影空间导出范畴与分次奇点范畴的 Efimov 光滑紧化，并给出核中典范经典生成元。
The aim of this paper is to give all quasitriangular structures on a class of semisimple Hopf algebras constructed through abelian extensions of $\Bbbk\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ by $\Bbbk^G$ for an abelian group $G$. We first introduce the concept of symmetry of quasitriangular structures of Hopf algebras and obtain some related propositions which can be used to simplify our calculations of quasitriangular structures. Secondly, we find that quasitriangular structures of these semisimple Hopf algebras can do division-like operations. Using such operations we transform the problem of solving the quasitrian…
We give a full classification, up to equivalence, of finite-dimensional graded division algebras over the field of real numbers. The grading group is any abelian group.
We classify, up to equivalence, all finite-dimensional simple graded division algebras over the field of real numbers. The grading group is any finite abelian group.
The analogue of Goldie's Theorem for prime rings is proved for rings graded by abelian groups, eliminating unnecessary additional hypotheses used in earlier versions.
A parabolic subalgebra $\mathfrak{p}$ of a complex semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ is called a parabolic subalgebra of abelian type if its nilpotent radical is abelian. In this paper, we provide a complete characterization of the parameters for scalar generalized Verma modules attached to parabolic subalgebras of abelian type such that the modules are reducible. The proofs use Jantzen's simplicity criterion, as well as the Enright-Howe-Wallach classification of unitary highest weight modules.
Let $A$ be a graded algebra. In this paper we develop a generalized Koszul theory by assuming that $A_0$ is self-injective instead of semisimple and generalize many classical results. The application of this generalized theory to directed categories and finite EI categories is described.
We describe the graded isomorphisms of rings of endomorphisms of graded flags over graded division algebras. As a consequence describe the isomorphism classes of upper block triangular matrix algebras (over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero) graded by a finite abelian group.
The reduced Whitehead group $\SK$ of a graded division algebra graded by a torsion-free abelian group is studied. It is observed that the computations here are much more straightforward than in the non-graded setting. Bridges to the ungraded case are then established by the following two theorems: It is proved that $\SK$ of a tame valued division algebra over a henselian field coincides with $\SK$ of its associated graded division algebra. Furthermore, it is shown that $\SK$ of a graded division algebra is isomorphic to $\SK$ of its quotient division algebra. The first theorem gives the establ…
In this paper we describe all gradings by abelian groups without elements of order p, where p > 2 is the characteristic of the base field, on the simple graded Cartan type Lie algebras.
In this paper we associate an abelian category to a finite directed graph and prove the categories arising from two graphs are equivalent if the incidence matrices of the graphs are shift equivalent. The abelian category is the quotient of the category of graded vector space representations of the quiver obtained by making the graded representations that are the sum of their finite dimensional submodules isomorphic to zero. Actually, the main result in this paper is that the abelian categories are equivalent if the incidence matrices are strong shift equivalent. That result is combined with an…
In this paper we describe graded automorphisms and antiautomorphisms of finite order on matrix algebras endowed with a group gradings by a finite abelian group over an arbitrary algebraically closed field of charcteristic different from 2.
In this paper, we provide a complete description of congruence-semisimple semirings and introduce the pre-ordered abelian Grothendieck groups $K_0(S)$ and $SK_0(S)$ of the isomorphism classes of the finitely generated projective and strongly projective S-semimodules, respectively, over an arbitrary semiring S. We prove that the $SK_0$-groups and $K_0$-groups are complete invariants of, i.e., completely classify, ultramatricial algebras over a semifield F. Consequently, we show that the $SK_0$-groups completely characterize zerosumfree congruence-semisimple semirings.
Numerical homological regularities over positively graded algebras
本文研究正分次代数上复形的多种数值同调正则性，证明其与导出 Hom 复形极值次数的一致性，建立若干不等式及其成为等式的条件，并利用数值 AS-正则性刻画 AS-正则性质和有限维性质。
We formulate a version of Beck's monadicity theorem for abelian categories, which is applied to the equivariantization of abelian categories with respect to a finite group action. We prove that the equivariantization is compatible with the construction of quotient abelian categories by Serre subcategories. We prove that the equivariantization of the graded module category over a graded ring is equivalent to the graded module category over the same ring but with a different grading. We deduce from these results two equivalences between the category of (equivariant) coherent sheaves on a weighte…
In this paper we classify, up to equivalence, all semisimple nontrivial Hopf algebras of dimension $2^{2n+1}$ for $n\geq 2$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$ with the group of group-like elements isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_{2^{n}}\times \mathbb{Z}_{2^{n}}$. Moreover we classify all such nonisomorphic Hopf algebras of dimension $32$ and show that they are not twist-equivalent to each other. More generally, given an abelian group of order $2^{m-1}$ we give an upper bound for the number of nonisomorphic nontrivial Hopf algebras of dimension $2^{m}$ which have this group as t…
Let $A$ be a finite dimensional real algebra with a division grading by a finite abelian group $G$. In this paper we provide finite basis for the $T_G$-ideal of graded identities and for the $T_G$-space of graded central polynomials for $A$.
Let G be any group and F an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We show that any G-graded finite dimensional associative G-simple algebra over F is determined up to a G-graded isomorphism by its G-graded polynomial identities. This result was proved by Koshlukov and Zaicev in case G is abelian.
We extend the loop algebra construction for algebras graded by abelian groups to study graded-simple algebras over the field of real numbers (or any real closed field). As an application, we classify up to isomorphism the graded-simple alternative (nonassociative) algebras and graded-simple finite-dimensional Jordan algebras of degree 2. We also classify the graded-division alternative (nonassociative) algebras up to equivalence.
The aim of this paper is to study quasitriangular structures on a class of semisimple Hopf algebras constructed through abelian extensions of $Z_2$ for an abelian group $G$. We prove that there are only two forms of them. Using such description together with some other techniques, we get a complete list of all universal $\mathcal{R}$-matrices on some Hopf algebras.
Algorithms to construct minimal left group codes are provided. These are based on results describing a complete set of orthogonal primitive idempotents in each Wedderburn component of a semisimple finite group algebra FG for a large class of groups G. As an illustration of our methods, alternative constructions to some best linear codes over F_2 and F_3 are given.
The current paper is dedicated to the study of the classical $K_1$ groups of graded rings. Let $A$ be a $Γ$ graded ring with identity $1$, where the grading $Γ$ is an abelian group. We associate a category with suspension to the $Γ$ graded ring $A$. This allows us to construct the group valued functor $K_1$ of graded rings. It will be denoted by $K_1^{gr}$. It is not only an abelian group but also a $\mathbb Z[Γ]$-module. From the construction, it follows that there exists "locally" a matrix description of $K_1^{gr}$ of graded rings. The matrix description makes it possible to compute $K_1^{gr…
Graded-division algebras are building blocks in the theory of finite-dimensional associative algebras graded by a group G. If G is abelian, they can be described, using a loop construction, in terms of central simple graded-division algebras. On the other hand, given a finite abelian group G, any central simple G-graded-division algebra over a field F is determined, thanks to a result of Picco and Platzeck, by its class in the (ordinary) Brauer group of F and the isomorphism class of a G-Galois extension of F. This connection is used to classify the simple G-Galois extensions of F in terms of …
Let $\mathbb F$ be an algebraically closed field, $G$ be an abelian group, and let $A$ and $B$ be arbitrary finite-dimensional $G$-graded simple algebras over $\mathbb F$. We prove that $A$ and $B$ are isomorphic if, and only if, they satisfy the same graded polynomial identities.
Isomorphisms of graded semiconnected algebras
本文针对满足特定条件的非负分次代数，证明其非分次同构必导出分次同构，推广了已有连通代数及路代数版本的相关定理，并讨论了分次代数的若干开放问题。
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