In the previous article we introduced the new concept of mixed representations of quivers and described the generators of their algebras of invariants. In this article we describe the defining relations of these algebras. Some applications for the invariants of orthogonal or symplectic groups acting on several matrices are given.
We introduce a new concept of mixed representations of quivers that is a generalization of ordinary representations of quivers and orthogonal (symplectic) representations of symmetric quivers introduced recently by Derksen and Weyman. We describe the generating invariants of mixed representations of quivers (First Fundamental Theorem) and prove additional results that allow us to describe the defining relations between them in the second article.
The classical construction of representations of quivers enables us to consider linear maps between several vector spaces. The mixed representations of quivers helps us to work with linear maps as well as bilinear forms on several vector spaces. We construct a finite generating set for the T-ideal of identities of the polynomial invariants of mixed representations of a quiver.
We investigate the properties of coordinate rings of orbit closures for quivers of type $A_3$ by considering the desingularization given by Reineke. We construct explicit minimal free resolutions of the defining ideals of the orbit closures thus giving us a minimal set of generators for the defining ideal. The resolution allows us to read off some geometric properties of the orbit closure. In addition, we give a characterization for the orbit closure to be Gorenstein.
The notion of mixed representations of quivers can be derived from ordinary quiver representations by considering the dual action of groups on "vertex" vector spaces together with the usual action. A generating system for the algebra of semi-invariants of mixed representations of a quiver is determined. This is done by reducing the problem to the case of bipartite quivers of the special form and by introducing a function DP on three matrices, which is a mixture of the determinant and two pfaffians.
This is a survey article for "Handbook of Linear Algebra", 2nd ed., Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2014. An informal introduction to representations of quivers and finite dimensional algebras from a linear algebraist's point of view is given. The notion of quiver representations is extended to representations of mixed graphs, which permits one to study systems of linear mappings and bilinear or sesquilinear forms. The problem of classifying such systems is reduced to the problem of classifying systems of linear mappings.
We use the Kempf-Lascoux-Weyman geometric technique in order to determine the minimal free resolutions of some orbit closures of quivers. As a consequence, we obtain that for Dynkin quivers orbit closures of 1-step representations are normal with rational singularities. For Dynkin quivers of type $A$, we describe explicit minimal generators of the defining ideals of orbit closures of 1-step representations. Using this, we provide an algorithm for type $A$ quivers for describing an efficient set of generators of the defining ideal of the orbit closure of any representation.
We relate the representations of the rational Cherednik algebras associated with the complex reflection group G(m,1,n) to sheaves on Nakajima quiver varieties associated with extended Dynkin gaphs via a Z-algebra construction. As the parameters defining the Cherednik algebra vary, the stability conditions defining the quiver variety change. We interpret the ordering on category O geometrically using this relationship; we also relate the geometry to the a-function for Hecke algebras with unequal parameters.
This is my PhD thesis supervised by Professor Jerzy Weyman. A symmetric quiver $(Q,σ)$ is a finite quiver without oriented cycles $Q=(Q_0,Q_1)$ equipped with a contravariant involution $σ$ on $Q_0\sqcup Q_1$. The involution allows us to define a nondegenerate bilinear form $<,>$ on a representation $V$ of $Q$. We shall say that $V$ is orthogonal if $<,>$ is symmetric and symplectic if $<,>$ is skew-symmetric. Moreover we define an action of products of classical groups on the space of orthogonal representations and on the space of symplectic representations. So we prove that if $(Q,σ)$ is a sy…
A symmetric quiver $(Q,σ)$ is a finite quiver without oriented cycles $Q=(Q_0,Q_1)$ equipped with a contravariant involution $σ$ on $Q_0\sqcup Q_1$. The involution allows us to define a nondegenerate bilinear form $<,>$ on a representation $V$ of $Q$. We shall say that $V$ is orthogonal if $<,>$ is symmetric and symplectic if $<,>$ is skew-symmetric. Moreover, we define an action of products of classical groups on the space of orthogonal representations and on the space of symplectic representations. So we prove that if $(Q,σ)$ is a symmetric quiver of tame type then the rings of semi-invarian…
The cluster algebra of any acyclic quiver can be realized as the coordinate ring of a subvariety of a Kac-Moody group -- the quiver is an orientation of its Dynkin diagram, defining a Coxeter element and thereby a double Bruhat cell. We use this realization to connect representations of the quiver with those of the group. We show that cluster variables of preprojective (resp. postinjective) quiver representations are realized by generalized minors of highest-weight (resp. lowest-weight) group representations, generalizing results of Yang-Zelevinsky in finite type. In type $A_n^{\!(1)}$ and fin…
Let $\mathbf{w}_0$ be a reduced expression for the longest element of the Weyl group, adapted to a quiver of type $A_n$. We compare Lusztig's and Kashiwara's (string) parametrizations of the canonical basis associated with $\mathbf{w}_0$. Crystal operators act in a finite number of patterns in Lusztig's parametrization, which may be seen as vectors. We show this set gives the system of defining inequalities of the string cone constructed by Gleizer and Postnikov. We use combinatorics of Auslander-Reiten quivers, and as a by-product we get an alternative enumeration of a set of inequalities def…
We develop basic cluster theory from an elementary point of view using a variation of binary trees which we call mixed cobinary trees. We show that the number of isomorphism classes of such trees is given by the Catalan number Cn where n is the number of internal nodes. We also consider the corresponding quiver Q_ε of type An-1. As a special case of more general known results about the relation between c-vectors, representations of quivers and their semi-invariants, we explain the bijection between mixed cobinary trees and the vertices of the generalized associahedron corresponding to the quiv…
Let $(Q,σ)$ be a symmetric quiver, where $Q=(Q_0,Q_1)$ is a finite quiver without oriented cycles and $σ$ is a contravariant involution on $Q_0\sqcup Q_1$. The involution allows us to define a nondegenerate bilinear form $<,>$ on a representation $V$ of $Q$. We shall call the representation orthogonal if $<,>$ is symmetric and symplectic if $<,>$ is skew-symmetric. Moreover we can define an action of products of classical groups on the space of orthogonal representations and on the space of symplectic representations. For symmetric quivers of finite type, we prove that the rings of semi-invari…
We continue, generalize and expand our study of linear degenerations of flag varieties from [G. Cerulli Irelli, X. Fang, E. Feigin, G. Fourier, M. Reineke, Math. Z. 287 (2017), no. 1-2, 615-654]. We realize partial flag varieties as quiver Grassmannians for equi-oriented type A quivers and construct linear degenerations by varying the corresponding quiver representation. We prove that there exists the deepest flat degeneration and the deepest flat irreducible degeneration: the former is the partial analogue of the mf-degenerate flag variety and the latter coincides with the partial PBW-degener…
For a stratified topological space we introduce the category of IC-modules, which are linear algebra devices with the relations described by the equation d^2=0. We prove that the category of (mixed) IC-modules is equivalent to the category of (mixed) perverse sheaves for flag varieties. As an application, we describe an algorithm calculating the quiver underlying the BGG category O for arbitrary simple Lie algebra, thus answering a question which goes back to I. M. Gelfand.
We present a conjecture generalizing the Cauchy formula for Macdonald polynomials. This conjecture encodes the mixed Hodge polynomials of the character varieties of representations of the fundamental group of a Riemann surface of genus g to GL_n(C) with fixed generic semi-simple conjugacy classes at k punctures. Using the character table of GL_n(F_q) we calculate the E-polynomial of these character varieties and confirm that it is as predicted by our main conjecture. Then, using the character table of gl_n(F_q), we calculate the E-polynomial of certain associated comet-shaped quiver varieties,…
Let $Q$ be a finite type quiver i.e. ADE Dynkin quiver. Denote by $Λ$ its preprojective algebra. It is known that there are finitely many indecomposable $Λ$-modules if and only if $Q$ is of type $A_1,A_2,A_3,A_4$. In this paper, extending Lusztig's construction of $U\frak{n}_+$, we study an algebra generated by these indecomposable submodules. It turns out that it forms the universal enveloping algebra of some nilpotent Lie algebra inside the function algebra on Lusztig's nilpotent scheme. The defining relations of the corresponding nilpotent Lie algebra for type $A_1, A_2,A_3,A_4$ are given h…
We consider a generalization of representations of quivers that can be derived from the ordinary representations of quivers by considering a product of arbitrary classical groups instead of a product of the general linear groups and by considering the dual action of groups on "vertex" vector spaces together with the usual action. A generating system for the corresponding algebra of invariants is found. In particular, a generating system for the algebra of SO(n)-invariants of several matrices is constructed over a field of characteristic different from 2. The proof uses the reduction to semi-in…
In arXiv:0810.2076 we presented a conjecture generalizing the Cauchy formula for Macdonald polynomials. This conjecture encodes the mixed Hodge polynomials of the representation varieties of Riemann surfaces with semi-simple conjugacy classes at the punctures. We proved several results which support this conjecture. Here we announce new results which are consequences of those of arXiv:0810.2076.
We prove a family of factorization formulas for the combinatorial Donaldson--Thomas invariant for an acyclic quiver. A quantum dilogarithm identity due to Reineke, later interpreted by Rimanyi by counting codimensions of quiver loci, gives two extremal cases of our formulation in the Dynkin case. We establish our interpolating factorizations explicitly with a dimension counting argument by defining certain stratifications of the space of representations for the quiver and calculating Betti numbers in the corresponding equivariant cohomology algebras.
We classify gentle algebras defined by quivers with two cycles under derived equivalence in a non degenerate case, by using some combinatorial invariants constructed from the quiver with relations defining these algebras. We also present a list of normal forms; any such algebra is derived equivalent to one of the algebras in the list.
We define derived equivalent invariants for gentle algebras, constructed in an easy combinatorial way from the quiver with relations defining these algebras. Our invariants consist of pairs of natural numbers and contain important information about the algebra and the structure of the stable Auslander-Reiten quiver of its repetitive algebra. As a by-product we obtain that the number of arrows of the quiver of a gentle algebra is invariant under derived equivalence. Finally, our invariants separate the derived equivalence classes of gentle algebras with at most one cycle.
We establish a connection between a generalization of KLR algebras, called quiver Schur algebras, and the cohomological Hall algebras of Kontsevich and Soibelman. More specifically, we realize quiver Schur algebras as algebras of multiplication and comultiplication operators on the CoHA, and reinterpret the shuffle description of the CoHA in terms of Demazure operators. We introduce ``mixed quiver Schur algebras" associated to quivers with a contravariant involution, and show that they are related, in an analogous way, to the cohomological Hall modules defined by Young. We also obtain a geomet…
We describe the Gabriel quiver with defining relations of the category of injections between finite sets, show that it is quadratic self-dual, and construct linear resolutions for its simple modules.
In \cite{JS} Jensen and Su constructed 0-Schur algebras on double flag varieties. The construction leads to a presentation of 0-Schur algebras using quivers with relations and the quiver approach naturally gives rise to a new class of algebras. That is, the path algebras defined on the quivers of 0-Schur algebras with relations modified from the defining relations of 0-Schur algebras by a tuple of parameters $\ut$. In particular, when all the entries of $\ut$ are 1, we have 0-Schur algerbas. When all the entries of $\ut$ are zero, we obtain a class of degenerate 0-Schur algebras. We prove that…
We introduce a derived representation scheme associated with a quiver, which may be thought of as a derived version of a Nakajima variety. We exhibit an explicit model for the derived representation scheme as a Koszul complex and by doing so we show that it has vanishing higher homology if and only if the moment map defining the corresponding Nakajima variety is flat. In this case we prove a comparison theorem relating isotypical components of the representation scheme to equivariant K-theoretic classes of tautological bundles on the Nakajima variety. As a corollary of this result we obtain so…
This paper concerns the cohomological aspects of Donaldson-Thomas theory for Jacobi algebras and the associated cohomological Hall algebra, introduced by Kontsevich and Soibelman. We prove the Hodge-theoretic categorification of the integrality conjecture and the wall crossing formula, and furthermore realise the isomorphism in both of these theorems as Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt isomorphisms for the associated cohomological Hall algebra. We do this by defining a perverse filtration on the cohomological Hall algebra, a result of the "hidden properness" of the semisimplification map from the moduli…
Let Q be an affine quiver and let $\mathfrak{n}$ be the positive part of the affine Lie algebra associated to Q. We provide a construction of $\mathfrak{n}$ using the semistable irreducible components in the Lusztig nilpotent variety associated to Q. This confirms a conjecture of Frenkel, Malkin, and Vybornov on defining the so-called algebra of BPS states on the minimal resolution of a Kleinian singularity. Using the results of Crawley-Boevey and Van den Bergh, we show that our construction is closely connected to Kac's constant term conjecture in the case of an affine quiver.
Let $A$ be a finitary algebra over a finite field $k$, and $A$-$mod$ the category of finite dimensional left $A$-modules. Let $\mathcal{H}(A)$ be the corresponding Hall algebra, and for a positive integer $r$ let $D_{r}(A)$ be the subspace of $\mathcal{H}(A)$ which has a basis consisting of isomorphism classes of modules in $A$-$mod$ with at least $r+1$ indecomposable direct summands. If $A$ is hereditary of type $A_{n}$, then $D_{r}(A)$ is known to be the kernel of the map from the twisted Hall algebra to the quantized Schur algebra indexed by $n+1$ and $r$. For any $A$, we determine necessar…
We realize a family of generalized cluster algebras as Caldero-Chapoton algebras of quivers with relations. Each member of this family arises from an unpunctured polygon with one orbifold point of order 3, and is realized as a Caldero-Chapoton algebra of a quiver with relations naturally associated to any triangulation of the alluded polygon. The realization is done by defining for every arc $j$ on the polygon with orbifold point a representation $M(j)$ of the referred quiver with relations, and by proving that for every triangulation $τ$ and every arc $j\inτ$, the product of the Caldero-Chapo…
In this paper, we give a method for relating the generalized category $\mathcal{O}$ defined by the author and collaborators to explicit finitely presented algebras, and apply this to quiver varieties. This allows us to describe combinatorially not just the structure of these category $\mathcal{O}$'s but also how certain interesting families of derived equivalences, the shuffling and twisting functors, act on them. In the case of Nakajima quiver varieties, the algebras that appear are weighted KLR algebras and their steadied quotients, defined by the author in earlier work. In particular, these…
This is a sequel to the second and third author's Mixed Dimer Configuration Model in Type $D$ Cluster Algebras where we extend our model to work for quivers that contain oriented cycles. Namely, we extend a combinatorial model for $F$-polynomials for type $D_n$ using dimer and double dimer configurations. In particular, we give a graph theoretic recipe that describes which monomials appear in such $F$-polynomials, as well as a graph theoretic way to determine the coefficients of each of these monomials. To prove this formula, we provide an explicit bijection between mixed dimer configurations …
A classical linear group $G<GL(n)$ acts on $d$-tuples of $n\times n$ matrices by simultaneous conjugation. Working over an infinite field of characteristic different from two we establish that the ideal of free relations, i.e. relations valid for matrices of any order, between generators for matrix O(n)- and $\Sp(n)$-invariants is zero. We also prove similar result for invariants of mixed representations of quivers. These results can be considered as a generalization of the characteristic isomorphism ${\rm ch}:\Sym\to J$ between the graded ring $\Sym=\otimes_{d=0}^{\infty} \Sym_d$, where $\Sym…
We study the behavior of representation varieties of quivers with relations under the operation of node splitting. We show how splitting a node gives a correspondence between certain closed subvarieties of representation varieties for different algebras, which preserves properties like normality or having rational singularities. Furthermore, we describe how the defining equations of such closed subvarieties change under the correspondence. By working in the "relative setting" (splitting one node at a time), we demonstrate that there are many non-hereditary algebras whose irreducible components…
We define a ribbon category $\mathsf{Sp}(β)$, depending on a parameter $β$, which encompasses Cautis, Kamnitzer and Morrison's spider category, and describes for $β=m-n$ the monoidal category of representations of $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}_{m|n})$ generated by exterior powers of the vector representation and their duals. We identify this category $\mathsf{Sp}(β)$ with a direct limit of quotients of a dual idempotented quantum group $\dot{\mathsf{U}}_q(\mathfrak{gl}_{r+s})$, proving a mixed version of skew Howe duality in which exterior powers and their duals appear at the same time. We show that the …