Masanobu Kaneko, Masao Koike
Modular and quasimodular solutions of specific second order differential equation in the upper-half plane which originates from a study of supersingular j-invariants are given explicitly. A characterization of the differential equation is also discussed.
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We survey the theory of vector-valued modular forms and their connections with modular differential equations and Fuchsian equations over the three-punctured sphere. We present a number of numerical examples showing how the theory in dimensions 2 and 3 leads naturally to close connections between modular forms and hypergeometric series.
We prove hypergeometric type identities for a function defined in terms of quotients of the $p$-adic gamma function. We use these identities to prove a supercongruence conjecture of Rodriguez-Villegas between a truncated $_4F_3$ hypergeometric series and the Fourier coefficients of certain weight four modular form.
In this paper we establish certain identities connecting $p$-adic hypergeometric functions with 4-th twisted Kloosterman sheaf sum. To prove these identities we express certain character sum over finite field in terms of special values of $p$-adic hypergeometric functions. One conjecture of Evans behaves as a bridge to connect $p$-adic hypergeometric functions with Kloosterman sheaf sum. We also connect $p$-adic hypergeometric functions with Fourier coefficients of certain modular forms.
The Explicit Hypergeometric-Modularity Method I
本文提出显式超几何-模性方法，将给定超几何数据关联到模形式，利用拉马努金椭圆函数理论、形式群律和超同余，构造eta商并给出应用。
The Explicit Hypergeometric Modularity Method III
研究改进显式超几何模性方法，开发适用于更广泛超几何数据的变体，确立特定超几何伽罗瓦表示的模性，构造相关模形式，还适合计算特殊L值，此前该三维模性已由他人用不同方法证明。
The purpose of this paper is to provide answers to some questions raised in a paper by Kaneko and Koike about the modularity of the solutions of a differential equations of hypergeometric type. In particular, we provide a number-theoretic explanation of why the modularity of the solutions occurs in some cases and does not occur in other cases. This also proves their conjecture on the completeness of the list of modular solutions after adding some missing cases.
Modular Forms and Certain ${}_2F_1(1)$ Hypergeometric Series
本文利用超几何动机与模形式的框架，构造了具有复乘法的权2 Hecke 特征形式族，并通过 ${}_2F_1(1)$ 超几何级数理论精确计算其中心 $L$-值，同时揭示傅里叶系数与 Jacobi 和的动机联系。
Hypergeometric Functions over Finite Fields and Modular Forms: A Survey and New Conjectures
本文综述了有限域超几何函数在特征和估计与模形式Fourier系数联系方面的主要结果，并提出了13个新关系猜想。
For primes p congruent to 1 mod 12, we present an explicit relation between the traces of Frobenius on a family of elliptic curves with j-invariant 1728/t and values of a particular 2F1-hypergeometric function over F_p. Additionally, we determine a formula for traces of Hecke operators T_k(p) on spaces of cusp forms of weight k and level 1 in terms of the same traces of Frobenius. This leads to formulas for Ramanujan's tau-function in terms of hypergeometric functions.
$L$-values of certain weight 3 Modular Forms and Transformations of Hypergeometric Series
本文基于有限Coxeter群框架，对可用超几何-模性方法获得$L$-值的权重3 Hecke特征形式进行了完整分类，并利用超几何函数视角确定了模形式因有限阶特征扭曲产生的差异，重新解释了经典超几何恒等式。
Using the theory of Stienstra and Beukers, we prove various elementary congruences for the numbers \sum \binom{2i_1}{i_1}^2\binom{2i_2}{i_2}^2...\binom{2i_k}{i_k}^2, where k,n \in N, and the summation is over the integers i_1, i_2, ...i_k >= 0 such that i_1+i_2+...+i_k=n. To obtain that, we study the arithmetic properties of Fourier coefficients of certain (weakly holomorphic) modular forms.
The well-known fact that all elliptic curves are modular, proven by Wiles, Taylor, Breuil, Conrad and Diamond, leaves open the question whether there exists a 'nice' representation of the modular form associated to each elliptic curve. Here we provide explicit representations of the modular forms associated to certain Legendre form elliptic curves 2_E_1(λ) as linear combinations of quotients of Dedekind's eta-function. We also give congruences for some of the modular forms' coefficients in terms of Gaussian hypergeometric functions.
The Explicit Hypergeometric-Modularity Method II
本文从动机视角应用显式超几何模形式方法，利用 Whipple 和 McCarthy 的良平衡公式构造权三模形式及分圆域上的四次 Galois 表示，并证明其可延拓到有理数域且 L-函数与自守形式一致。
Using results from Ramanujan's lost notebook, Zudilin recently gave an insightful proof of a radial limit result of Folsom, Ono, and Rhoades for mock theta functions. Here we see that the author's previous work on the dual nature of Appell--Lerch sums and partial theta functions and on constructing bilateral $q$-series with mixed mock modular behaviour is well-suited for such radial limits. We present five more radial limit results which follow from mixed mock modular bilateral $q$-hypergeometric series. We also obtain the mixed mock modular bilateral series for a universal mock theta function…
Using special polynomials introduced by Hikami and the second author in their study of torus knots, we construct classes of $q$-hypergeometric series lying in the Habiro ring. These give rise to new families of quantum modular forms, and their Fourier coefficients encode distinguished Maass cusp forms. The cuspidality of these Maass waveforms is proven by making use of the Habiro ring representations of the associated quantum modular forms. Thus, we provide an example of using the $q$-hypergeometric structure of associated series to establish modularity properties which are otherwise non-obvio…
On Matrices Arising in Finite Field Hypergeometric Functions
针对有限域超几何函数变换公式中出现、元素为单位根或零的一类矩阵，本文确定其特征多项式、特征值、特征向量与k次幂，并指出特征值由Jacobi和的乘积构成。
Although links between values of finite field hypergeometric functions and eigenvalues of elliptic modular forms are well known, we establish in this paper that there are also connections to eigenvalues of Siegel modular forms of higher degree. Specifically, we relate the eigenvalue of the Hecke operator of index $p$ of a Siegel eigenform of degree 2 and level 8 to a special value of a ${}_4F_3$-hypergeometric function.
It is believed that any p-adic Galois representation which is potentially semistable arises from a modular form. The main theorem of Wiles establishes this modularity when the representation in question satisfies various technical restrictions, together with the key hypothesis that its reduction modulo p arises itself from a modular form. This article explains how a strong version of Wiles' "lifting theorem" implies the modularity of all hypergeometric abelian varieties - so-called because their periods are expressed in terms of values of classical hypergeometric functions. While this strong v…
QM abelian varieties, hypergeometric character sums and modular forms
本文是与合作者的近期工作报告，针对算术定义的Fuchsian子群（尤其对应判别式6的四元数可除代数$B_6$的群），给出了涉及超几何特征和的Hecke算子$T_p$在尖点形式空间上迹的显式公式。
We record $$ \binom{42}2+\binom{23}2+\binom{13}2=1192 $$ functional identities that, apart from being amazingly amusing by themselves, find applications in derivation of Ramanujan-type formulas for $1/π$ and in computation of mathematical constants.
By using some hypergeometric series identities, we prove two supercongruences on truncated hypergeometric series, one of which is related to a modular Calabi--Yau threefold, and the other is regarded as $p$-adic analogue of an identity due to Ramanujan.
In a previous paper, Rahmani introduced a new family of p-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials by means of the Gauss hypergeometric function. Motivated by this paper and as a degenerate version of those numbers and polynomials, we introduce the generalized degenerate Bernoulli numbers and polynomials again by using the Gauss hypergeometric function. In addition, we introduce the degenerate type Eulerian numbers as a degenerate version of Eulerian numbers. For the generalized degenerate Bernoulli numbers, we express them in terms of the degenerate Stirling numbers of the second kind, of the degene…
A general theory of vector-valued modular functions, holomorphic in the upper half-plane, is presented for finite dimensional representations of the modular group. This also provides a description of vector-valued modular forms of arbitrary half-integer weight. It is shown that the space of these modular functions is spanned, as a module over the polynomials in J, by the columns of a matrix that satisfies an abstract hypergeometric equation, providing a simple solution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem for representations of the modular group. Restrictions on the coefficients of this differential…
Higher depth mock theta functions and $q$-hypergeometric series
本文引入更高深度的 mock theta 函数，给出三个深度为二的例子及其模完备化，并建立它们与 $q$-超几何级数的联系。
Andrews, Dyson, and Hickerson showed that 2 $q$-hypergeometric series, going back to Ramanujan, are related to real quadratic fields, which explains interesting properties of their Fourier coefficients. There is also an interesting relation of such series to automorphic forms. Here we construct more such examples arising from interesting combinatorial statistics.
In this paper, we consider a modular form of weight 3, which is a product of the Borweins theta series, and express its $L$-values at $s=1$, $2$ and $3$ in terms of special values of Kampé de Fériet hypergeometric functions, which are two-variable generalization of generalized hypergeometric functions.
With the help of a summation of basic hypergeometric series, the creative microscoping method recently introduced by Guo and Zudilin, and the Chinese remainder theorem for coprime polynomials, we find some new $q$-supercongruences. Especially, we give a $q$-analogue of a formula due to Liu [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 497 (2021), Art.~124915].
It is shown that Ramanujan's cubic transformation of the Gauss hypergeometric function ${}_2F_1$ arises from a relation between modular curves, namely the covering of $X_0(3)$ by $X_0(9)$. In general, when $2\le N\le 7$ the N-fold cover of $X_0(N)$ by $X_0(N^2)$ gives rise to an algebraic hypergeometric transformation. The N=2,3,4 transformations are arithmetic-geometric mean iterations, but the N=5,6,7 transformations are new. In the final two the change of variables is not parametrized by rational functions, since $X_0(6),X_0(7)$ are of genus 1. Since their quotients $X_0^+(6),X_0^+(7)$ unde…
We show that a binomial identity arising in the context of the study of series expansions of $1/π$ can be seen as an incarnation of Whipples second theorem for hypergeometric series.
Ramanujan studied the analytic properties of many $q$-hypergeometric series. Of those, mock theta functions have been particularly intriguing, and by work of Zwegers, we now know how these curious $q$-series fit into the theory of automorphic forms. The analytic theory of partial theta functions however, which have $q$-expansions resembling modular theta functions, is not well understood. Here we consider families of $q$-hypergeometric series which converge in two disjoint domains. In one domain, we show that these series are often equal to one another, and define mock theta functions, includi…
We examine instances of modularity of (rigid) Calabi-Yau manifolds whose periods are expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions. The $p$-th coefficients $a(p)$ of the corresponding modular form can be often read off, at least conjecturally, from the truncated partial sums of the underlying hypergeometric series modulo a power of $p$ and from Weil's general bounds $|a(p)|\le2p^{(m-1)/2}$, where $m$ is the weight of the form. Furthermore, the critical $L$-values of the modular form are predicted to be $\mathbb Q$-proportional to the values of a related basis of solutions to the hypergeometri…
Supercongruences arising from a ${}_7F_6$ hypergeometric transformation formula
本文借助 ${}_7F_6$ 超几何变换公式证明两个超同余式，其中之一证实 Guo–Liu–Schlosser 猜想并推广 Long–Ramakrishna 的结果。
Recently, Chan, Cooper and Sica conjectured two congruences for coefficients of classical 2F1 hypergeometric series which also arise from power series expansions of modular forms in terms of modular functions. We prove these two congruences using combinatorial properties of the coefficients.
Hypergeometric Distributions and Joint Families of Elliptic Curves
本文将椭圆曲线族超几何函数极限分布的研究推广到${_4F_3}$超几何函数，通过推广Michel的Sato-Tate律工作并结合平展上同调等理论，确定了椭圆曲线对的弗罗贝尼乌斯迹和的极限分布。
We highlight modular equations discovered by Somos and Ramanujan, and use them to prove new relations between lattice sums and hypergeometric functions. We also discuss progress towards solving Boyd's Mahler measure conjectures, and we conjecture a new formula for $L(E,2)$ of conductor 17 elliptic curves.
In this article we make an explicit approach to the higher degree case of the problem: " For a given $CM$ field $M$, construct its maximal abelian extension $C(M)$ (i.e. the Hilbert class field) by the adjunction of special values of certain modular functions" in a restricted case. We make our argument based on Shimura's main result on the complex multiplication theory of his article in 1967. His main result is constructed for a quaternion algebra $B$ over a totally real number field $F$. We determine the modular function which gives the canonical model for the case $B$ is coming from an arith…
There are many instances known when the Fourier coefficients of modular forms are congruent to partial sums of hypergeometric series. In our previous work arXiv:1803.01830, such partial sums are related to the radial asymptotics of infinite $q$-hypergeometric sums at roots of unity. Here we combine the two features to construct a hypergeometric $q$-deformation of two CM modular forms of weight 3 and discuss the corresponding $q$-congruences.
Distribution of the Hessian values of Gaussian hypergeometric functions
针对参数为有限域三次与平凡特征的特殊高斯超几何函数，结合调和Maass形式与模拟模形式理论，证明其Hessian椭圆曲线族弗罗贝尼乌斯迹的极限分布为半圆分布，验证了佐藤-塔特分布的适用性。
In this paper we prove that the Mahler measures of the Laurent polynomials $(x+x^{-1})(y+y^{-1})(z+z^{-1})+k$, $(x+x^{-1})^2(y+y^{-1})^2(1+z)^3z^{-2}-k$, and $x^4+y^4+z^4+1+k^{1/4}xyz$, for various values of $k$, are of the form $r_1 L'(f,0)+r_2 L'(χ,-1)$, where $r_1,r_2\in \mathbb{Q}$, $f$ is a CM newform of weight 3, and $χ$ is a quadratic character. Since it has been proved that these Maher measures can also be expressed in terms of logarithms and $_5F_4$-hypergeometric series, we obtain several new hypergeometric evaluations and transformations from these results.
Let $X_0^6(1)/W_6$ be the Atkin-Lehner quotient of the Shimura curve $X_0^6(1)$ associated to a maximal order in an indefinite quaternion algebra of discriminant $6$ over $\mathbb Q$. By realizing modular forms on $X_0^6(1)/W_6$ in two ways, one in terms of hypergeometric functions and the other in terms of Borcherds forms, and using Schofer's formula for values of Borcherds forms at CM-points, we obtain special values of certain hypergeometric functions in terms of periods of elliptic curves over $\overline\mathbb Q$ with complex multiplication.
For a prime $p$ larger than $7$, the Eisenstein series of weight $p-1$ has some remarkable congruence properties modulo $p$. Those imply, for example, that the $j$-invariants of its zeros (which are known to be real algebraic numbers in the interval $[0,1728]$), are at most quadratic over the field with $p$ elements and are congruent modulo $p$ to the zeros of a certain truncated hypergeometric series. In this paper we introduce "theta modular forms" of weight $k \geq 4$ for the full modular group as the modular forms for which the first dim$(M_k)$ Fourier coefficients are identical to certain…
In this paper, we consider $L$-functions of modular forms of weight 3, which are products of the Jacobi theta series, and express their special values at $s=3$, $4$ in terms of special values of Kampé de Fériet hypergeometric functions. Moreover, via $L$-values, we give some relations between special values of Kampé de Fériet hypergeometric functions and generalized hypergeometric functions.
Mixed mock modular forms are functions which lie in the tensor space of mock modular forms and modular forms. As q-hypergeometric series, mixed mock modular forms appear to be much more common than mock theta functions. In this survey, we discuss some of the ways such series arise.
We show that some $q$-series such as universal mock theta functions are linear sums of theta quotients and mock Jacobi forms of weight 1/2, which become holomorphic parts of real analytic modular forms when they are restricted to torsion points and multiplied by suitable powers of $q$. And we prove that certain linear sums of $q$-series are weakly holomorphic modular forms of weight 1/2 due to annihilation of mock Jacobi forms or completion by mock Jacobi forms. As an application, we obtain a relation between the rank and crank of a partition.
Analytic continuation and functional equation of a Dirichlet series constructed from two (not necessarily cuspidal) holomorphic modular forms is discussed, where either weights of the modular forms or characters are not necessarily equal to each other. The applications to quadratic forms are also given.
We consider the fourteen families $W$ of Calabi-Yau threefolds with one complex structure parameter and Picard-Fuchs equation of hypergeometric type, like the mirror of the quintic in $\mathbb{P}^4$. Mirror symmetry identifies the masses of even--dimensional D--branes of the mirror Calabi-Yau $M$ with four periods of the holomorphic $(3,0)$-form over a symplectic basis of $H_3(W,\mathbb{Z})$. It was discovered by Chad Schoen that the singular fiber at the conifold of the quintic gives rise to a Hecke eigenform of weight four under $Γ_0(25)$, whose Hecke eigenvalues are determined by the Hasse-…
Traces of Hecke Operators via Hypergeometric Character Sums
本文提出一种一致且具几何性的方法，利用有限域上的超几何特征和，给出了算术三角群相关情形下尖点形式空间上Hecke算子迹的显式公式，适用于椭圆模曲线和Shimura曲线，并可求出特征值。
We study the quotient of hypergeometric functions \begin{equation*} μ_{a}^*(r)=\fracπ{2\sin{(πa)}}\frac{F(a,1-a;1;1-r^3)}{F(a,1-a;1;r^3)} \quad (r\in(0,1)) \end{equation*} in the theory of Ramanujan's generalized modular equation for $a\in(0,1/2]$, find an infinite product formula for $μ_{1/3}^*(r)$ by use of the properties of $μ_{a}^*(r)$ and Ramanujan's cubic transformation. Besides, a new cubic transformation formula of hypergeometric function is given, which complements the Ramanujan's cubic transformation.
Sander Zwegers showed that Ramanujan's mock theta functions are $q$-hypergeometric series, whose $q$-expansion coefficients are half of the Fourier coefficients of a non-holomorphic modular form. George Andrews, Henri Cohen, Freeman Dyson, and Dean Hickerson found a pair of $q$-hypergeometric series each of which contains half of the Fourier coefficients of Maass waveform of eigenvalue $1/4$. This series of papers shows that a $q$-series construction, called ``renormalization'', yields the other half of the Fourier coefficients from a series which contains half of them. This construction unifi…
Sander Zwegers showed that Ramanujan's mock theta functions are $q$-hypergeometric series, whose $q$-expansion coefficients are half of the Fourier coefficients of a non-holomorphic modular form. George Andrews, Henri Cohen, Freeman Dyson, and Dean Hickerson found a pair of $q$-hypergeometric series each of which contains half of the Fourier coefficients of Maass waveform of eigenvalue $1/4$. This series of papers shows that a $q$-series construction, called ``renormalization'', yields the other half of the Fourier coefficients from a series which contains half of them. This construction unifi…
Quantum Modular Forms from Real Quadratic Double Sums
本文研究Lovejoy和Osburn发现的十二个$q$-超几何级数，证明其傅里叶系数构成群$Γ_0(2)$上的三个向量值量子模形式。
We study the integrality properties of the coefficients of the mirror map attached to the generalized hypergeometric function $_{n}F_{n-1}$ with rational parameters and with a maximal unipotent monodromy. We present a conjecture on the $p$-integrality of the mirror map which can be verified experimentally. We prove its consequence on the $N$-integrality of the mirror map for the particular cases $1\leq n\leq 4$. For $n=2$ we obtain the Takeuchi's classification of arithmetic triangle groups with a cusp, and for $n=4$ we prove that $14$ examples of hypergeometric Calabi-Yau equations are the fu…
We study the analytic behavior of the restriction of a Siegel modular form to $\mathbb{H} \times \mathbb{H}$ in the case that the Siegel form is a Saito-Kurokawa lift. A formula of Ichino links this behavior to a family of $GL_3 \times GL_2$ $L$-functions.
In 2013, Lemke Oliver classified all eta-quotients which are theta functions. In this paper, we unify the eta-theta functions by constructing mock modular forms from the eta-theta functions with even characters, such that the shadows of these mock modular forms are given by the eta-theta functions with odd characters. In addition, we prove that our mock modular forms are quantum modular forms. As corollaries, we establish simple finite hypergeometric expressions which may be used to evaluate Eichler integrals of the odd eta-theta functions, as well as some curious algebraic identities.
Hypergeometric solutions to Schwarzian equations
本文通过求解 Schwarzian 方程并利用等变函数与二维向量值模形式理论，给出了 $m\geq 7$ 时模微分方程 $y''+sE_4y=0$ 的 Gauss 超几何级数解，补全了该方程的研究。
The $\ell$-adic hypergeometric function and associators
本文利用 Galois 作用定义 $\ell$-进超几何函数，并通过偶酉结合子的矩阵特殊化与 gamma 函数的联系，证明其 Gauss 定理和 Euler 变换公式类似物。
In this paper, we study the monodromy of Appell hypergeometric partial differential equations, which lead us to find four derivatives which are associated to the group GL(3). Our four derivatives have the remarkable properties. We find that Appell hypergeometric partial differential equations can be reduced to four nonlinear partial differential equations by the use of our four derivatives. We investigate these four nonlinear partial differential equations. We are interested in some particular cases. In these cases, the system of linear partial differential equations has the remarkable propert…
We observe structure in the sequences of quotients and remainders of the Euclidean algorithm with two families of inputs. Analyzing the remainders, we obtain new algorithms for computing modular inverses and representating prime numbers by the binary quadratic form $x^2 + 3xy + y^2$. The Euclidean algorithm is commenced with inputs from one of the families, and the first remainder less than a predetermined size produces the modular inverse or representation.
Holonomic sequences arising from meromorphic modular forms
该研究提出从亚纯模形式构造完整递推关系的系统框架，重现多个经典递推并生成新例子，揭示序列的非平凡算术性质。
The theory of partition congruences has been a fascinating and difficult subject for over a century now. In attempting to prove a given congruence family, multiple possible complications include the genus of the underlying modular curve, representation difficulties of the associated sequences of modular functions, and difficulties regarding the piecewise $\ell$-adic convergence of elements of the associated space of modular functions. However, our knowledge of the subject has developed substantially and continues to develop. In this very brief survey, we will discuss the utility of modular fun…
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