Eugene Lerman
These are notes for a course on contact manifolds and torus actions delivered at the summer school on Symplectic Geometry of Integrable Hamiltonian Systems at Centre de Recerca Matemàtica in Barcelona in July 2001. To be published by Birkhauser.
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Computing embedded contact homology (ECH) and related invariants of certain toric 3-manifolds (in the sense of Lerman) has led to interesting new results in the study of symplectic embeddings. Here, we give a combinatorial formulation of ECH chain complexes for general toric contact 3-manifolds. As a corollary, we prove Conjecture A.3 from [Hutchings14].
Toric integrable geodesic flows in odd dimensions
本文研究奇数维紧致连通黎曼流形上的环面可积测地流，证明在维数不为3的奇数情形或基本群无限时，流形的余球面丛与环面的余球面丛等变接触同胚，从而流形本身同胚于环面。
In this note we analyze displaceability of pre-Lagrangian toric fibers in contact toric manifolds. While every symplectic toric manifold contains at least one non-displaceable Lagrangian toric fiber and infinitely many displaceable ones, we show that this is not the case for contact toric manifolds. More precisely, we prove that for the contact toric manifolds $\mathbb{S}^{2d-1} (d\geq 2)$ and $\mathbb{T}^k \times \mathbb{S}^{2d+k-1} (d \geq 1)$ all pre-Lagrangian toric fibers are displaceable, and that for all contact toric manifolds for which the toric action is free, except possibly non-tri…
Let $(M, α)$ be a $2n+1$-dimensional connected compact contact toric manifold of Reeb type. Suppose the contact form $α$ is regular, we find conditions under which $M$ is homeomorphic to $S^{2n+1}$.
According to Lerman, compact connected toric contact 3-manifolds with a non-free toric action whose moment cone spans an angle greater than $π$ are overtwisted, thus non-fillable. In contrast, we show that all compact connected toric contact manifolds in dimension greater than three are weakly symplectically fillable and most of them are strongly symplectically fillable. The proof is based on the Lerman's classification of toric contact manifolds and on our observation that the only contact manifolds in higher dimensions that admit free toric action are the cosphere bundle of $T^d, d\geq3$ $(T…
3-Manifolds admitting toric integrable geodesic flows
本文利用余球面丛在环面可积时具有的接触环面流形结构，通过比较Betti数，得到紧连通3维流形上测地流环面可积的必要条件。
Contact 3-manifolds that admit a non-free toric action
本研究基于Lerman的工作，通过显式描述完成切触环面3-流形的切触同胚分类，并进一步分类了可作为球面上线形管道凹边界的3-流形的所有切触结构，相关结果受MNRSTW25工作启发。
We prove a version of Sandon's conjecture on the number of translated points of contactomorphisms for the case of prequantization bundles over certain closed monotone symplectic toric manifolds. Namely we show that any contactomorphism of such a prequantization bundle lying in the identity component of the contactomorphism group possesses at least $N$ translated points, where $N$ is the minimal Chern number of the symplectic toric manifold. The proof relies on the theory of generating functions coupled with equivariant cohomology, whereby we adapt Givental's approach to the Arnold conjecture f…
The fundamental groups of contact toric manifolds
本文研究连通紧致切触环面流形的基本群，证明Reeb型这类流形的基本群为有限循环群，并给出从矩映射像求其阶的方法。
The goal of this paper is to classify symplectic toric stratified spaces with isolated singularities. This extends a result of Burns, Guillemin, and Lerman which carries out this classification in the compact connected case. In making this classification, it is necessary to classify symplectic toric cones. Via a well-known equivalence between symplectic toric cones and contact toric manifolds, this allows for the classification of contact toric manifolds as well, extending Lerman's classification of compact connected contact toric manifolds.
We introduce the cutting construction of possibly non-compact symplectic toric manifolds, in particular, toric symplectic cones that correspond to a weakly convex good cone. Since the symplectization of a toric contact manifold is a toric symplectic cone, we can also construct toric contact manifolds that correspond to a weakly convex good cone by the cutting construction. (Note that these toric contact manifolds can not be constructed by Delzant construction.) We further prove there are no toric Sasakian structures on these contact manifolds. From this, contact toric manifolds of toric K-cont…
We compute the first and second homotopy groups of a class of contact toric manifolds in terms of the images of the associated moment map.
We study the contact equivalence problem for toric contact structures on $S^3$-bundles over $S^2$. That is, given two toric contact structures, one can ask the question: when are they equivalent as contact structures while inequivalent as toric contact structures? In general this appears to be a difficult problem. To find inequivalent toric contact structures that are contact equivalent, we show that the corresponding 3-tori belong to distinct conjugacy classes in the contactomorphism group. To show that two toric contact structures with the same first Chern class are contact inequivalent, we …
We complete the classification of compact connected contact toric manifolds initiated by Banyaga and Molino and by Galicki and Boyer. As an application we prove the conjectures of Toth and Zelditch on toric integrable systems on the n-torus and the 2-sphere.
Concave symplectic toric fillings
本文研究了接触toric3维流形的凹型辛填充结构，证明了其存在无限多个互不equivariant辛同构且不通过吹胀操作相关的填充。
We define toric contact manifolds in arbitrary codimension and give a description of such manifolds in terms of a kind of labelled polytope embedded into a grassmannian, analogous to the Delzant polytope of a toric symplectic manifold.
Contact flexibility and rigidity for toric Gorenstein prequantizations and Ehrhart theory of toric diagrams
本文研究 toric Gorenstein 接触流形的柔韧性与刚性，探讨其与 Ehrhart 多项式及接触 betti 数的关系，证明了某些预量化流形的唯一性和刚性。
Contact invariants of Q-Gorenstein toric contact manifolds, the Ehrhart polynomial and Chen-Ruan cohomology
本文研究Q-Gorenstein环面接触流形的柱形接触同调不变量，建立其与环面图的Ehrhart（拟）多项式、对应环面孤立奇点的crepant环面轨形消解的Chen-Ruan上同调，以及生成该流形的单调环面辛轨形底空间的Chen-Ruan上同调的关联。
A good contact toric manifold $M$ is determined by its moment cone $C$. We compute the equivariant cohomology ring with $\Z$ coefficient of $M$ in terms of the combinatorial data of $C$. Then under a smoothness criterion on the cone $C$, we compute the singular cohomology ring with $\Z$ coefficient of $M$ in terms of the combinatorial data of $C$.
Due to a previous result which states that contact varieties are isomorphic to certain varieties, the momentum polytopes of contact manifolds are convex.
We prove that the mean Euler characteristic of a Gorenstein toric contact manifold, i.e. a good toric contact manifold with zero first Chern class, is equal to half the normalized volume of the corresponding toric diagram and give some applications. A particularly interesting one, obtained using a result of Batyrev and Dais, is the following: twice the mean Euler characteristic of a Gorenstein toric contact manifold is equal to the Euler characteristic of any crepant toric symplectic filling, i.e. any toric symplectic filling with zero first Chern class.
We study a class of simply connected manifolds in all odd dimensions greater than 3 that exhibit an infinite number of toric contact structures of Reeb type that are inequivalent as contact structures. We compute the cohomology ring of our manifolds by using the join construction for Sasaki manifolds and show that all such contact structures admit a ray of compatible Sasaki metrics of constant scalar curvature (CSC). Furthermore, infinitely many such structures admit at least 3 rays of constant scalar curvature Sasaki metrics.
In this paper we show that any good toric contact manifold has well defined cylindrical contact homology and describe how it can be combinatorially computed from the associated moment cone. As an application we compute the cylindrical contact homology of a particularly nice family of examples that appear in the work of Gauntlett-Martelli-Sparks-Waldram on Sasaki-Einstein metrics. We show in particular that these give rise to a new infinite family of non-equivalent contact structures on $S^2 \times S^{3}$ in the unique homotopy class of almost contact structures with vanishing first Chern class…
After observing that the well-known convexity theorems of symplectic geometry also hold for compact contact manifolds with an effective action of a torus whose Reeb vector field corresponds to an element of the Lie algebra of the torus, we use this fact together with a recent symplectic orbifold version of Delzant's theorem due to Lerman and Tolman [LT] to show that every such compact toric contact manifold can be obtained by a contact reduction from an odd dimensional sphere.
The first two authors showed in~\cite{AM1} how the Conley-Zehnder index of any contractible periodic Reeb orbit of a non-degenerate toric contact form on a good toric contact manifold with zero first Chern class, i.e. a Gorenstein toric contact manifold, can be explicitly computed using moment map data. In this paper we show that the same explicit method can be used to compute Conley-Zehnder indices of non-contractible periodic Reeb orbits. Under appropriate conditions, the (finite) number of such orbits in a given free homotopy class and with a given index is a contact invariant of the underl…
I begin by giving a general discussion of completely integrable Hamiltonian systems in the setting of contact geometry. We then pass to the particular case of toric contact structures on the manifold $S^2\times S^3$. In particular we give a complete solution to the contact equivalence problem for a class of toric contact structures, $Y^{p,q}$, discovered by physicists by showing that $Y^{p,q}$ and $Y^{p',q'}$ are inequivalent as contact structures if and only if $p\neq p'$.
ECH capacities of concave singular toric domains
本文推广四维环面域至边界为透镜空间 L(n,1) 的奇异环面域，并计算一类凹奇异环面域的 ECH 容量，结果可用于研究其去奇异化空间中的嵌入问题。
Properties of contact toric structures and concave boundaries of linear plumbings
研究具有凹接触边界的球面上辛圆盘束的线性拼接，用复曲面几何工具确定接触结构紧或过度扭曲情况，开发工具包计算线性拼接凹边界的ECH代数挠率和接触不变量。
We establish computational results concerning the Lagrangian capacity from "Cieliebak and Mohnke - Punctured holomorphic curves and Lagrangian embeddings". More precisely, we show that the Lagrangian capacity of a 4-dimensional convex toric domain is equal to its diagonal. The proof involves comparisons between the Lagrangian capacity, the McDuff-Siegel capacities from "McDuff and Siegel - Symplectic capacities, unperturbed curves, and convex toric domains", and the Gutt-Hutchings capacities from "Gutt and Hutchings - Symplectic capacities from positive S1-equivariant symplectic homology". Wor…
A K-contact manifold is a smooth manifold M with a contact form whose Reeb flow preserves a Riemannian metric on M. Main examples are Sasakian manifolds. Our results in this paper are four results i), ii), iii) and iv) below obtained by the application of the Morse theory to the contact moment maps on closed 5-dimensional K-contact manifolds of rank 2. 5-dimensional K-contact manifolds of rank 2 have the lowest dimension among K-contact manifolds with nontrivial contact moment maps which are not toric. i) Correspondence between the isomorphism classes of K-contact manifolds and graphs of isotr…
Equivariant Index on Toric Contact Manifolds
本文计算了Reeb型紧致环面接触流形上扭曲水平Dolbeault算子的等变指标，利用好锥条件证明了符号局部化，并得到了Atiyah-Bott-Lefschetz型公式及基于矩锥格点求和的指标表达式。
We prove that a topological contact isotopy uniquely defines a topological contact Hamiltonian. Combined with previous results from [MS11], this generalizes the classical one-to-one correspondence between smooth contact isotopies and their generating smooth contact Hamiltonians and conformal factors to the group of topological contact dynamical systems. Applications of this generalized correspondence include C^0-rigidity of smooth contact Hamiltonians, a transformation law for topological contact dynamical systems, and C^0-rigidity of the geodesic flows of Riemannian manifolds.
Symplectic embeddings of toric domains with boundary a lens space
本研究给出凹透镜空间的嵌入切触复形组合描述，定义带奇点的广义凹环面域，利用ECC计算其ECH容量，并给出可恢复该容量的辛流形填充方式。
A toric domain is a subset of $(\mathbb{C}^n,ω_{\text{std}})$ which is invariant under the standard rotation action of $\mathbb{T}^n$ on $\mathbb{C}^n$. For a toric domain $U$ from a certain large class for which this action is not free, we find a corresponding toric domain $V$ where the standard action is free, and for which $c(U)=c(V)$ for any symplectic capacity $c$. Michael Hutchings gives a combinatorial formula for calculating his embedded contact homology symplectic capacities for certain toric four-manifolds on which the $\mathbb{T}^2$-action is free. Our theorem allows one to extend t…
We prove that on closed Riemannian manifolds with infinite abelian, but not cyclic, fundamental group, any isometry that is homotopic to the identity possesses infinitely many invariant geodesics. We conjecture that the result remains true if the fundamental group is infinite cyclic. We also formulate a generalization of the isometry-invariant geodesics problem, and a generalization of the celebrated Weinstein conjecture: on a closed contact manifold with a selected contact form, any strict contactomorphism that is contact-isotopic to the identity possesses an invariant Reeb orbit.
The goal of this paper is to study periodic geodesics for sub-Riemannian metrics on a contact 3D-manifold.We develop two rather independent subjects:1) The existence of closed geodesics spiraling around periodic Reeb orbits for a generic metric.2) The precise study of the periodic geodesics for a right invariant metric on a quotient of SL2(R)
On the space of cone geodesics and positive paths of contactomorphisms
本文研究了锥流形空间作为光滑接触流形的结构，并建立了球面余切丛中接触同构正路径与全局超曲面锥结构的对应关系。
The growth rate of closed prime magnetic geodesics on closed contact manifolds
本文证明闭接触流形上存在无穷维黎曼度量空间，使磁测地流闭轨道数增长至少与Reeb轨道相当，并在非图流形3维情形下获得指数增长及正拓扑熵。
We consider a closed three-dimensional contact sub-Riemannian manifold. The objective of this note is to provide a precise description of the sub-Riemannian geodesics with large initial momenta: we prove that they "spiral around the Reeb orbits", not only in the phase space but also in the configuration space. Our analysis is based on a normal form along any Reeb orbit due to Melrose.
We build homogeneous quasi-morphisms on the universal cover of the contactomorphism group for certain prequantizations of monotone symplectic toric manifolds. This is done using Givental's nonlinear Maslov index and a contact reduction technique for quasi-morphisms. We show how these quasi-morphisms lead to a hierarchy of rigid subsets of contact manifolds. We also show that the nonlinear Maslov index has a vanishing property, which plays a key role in our proofs. Finally we present applications to orderability of contact manifolds and Sandon-type metrics on contactomorphism groups.
It is shown that the space of null geodesics of a star-shaped causally simple subset of Minkowski space is contactomorphic to the canonical contact structure in the spherical cotangent bundle of $\mathbb{R}^n$. In the $3$-dimensional case we prove a similar result for a large class of causally simple contractible subsets of an arbitrary globally hyperbolic spacetime applying methods from the theory of contact-convex surfaces. Moreover we prove that under certain assumptions the space of null geodesics of a causally simple spacetime embeds with smooth boundary into the space of null geodesics o…
Geodesic vector fields, induced contact structures and tightness in dimension three
本文简化了Gluck-Harrison定理的证明，证明了在非负混合曲率条件下测地向量场诱导切触结构，并分类了具有等距Reeb流的闭切触3-流形，推广了紧致性结果。
In this paper, we compute contact homology of some quasi-regular contact structures, which admit Hamiltonian actions of Reeb type of Lie groups. We will discuss the toric contact case, (where the torus is of Reeb type), and the case of homogeneous contact manifolds. In both of these cases the quotients by the Reeb action are Kähler and admit perfect Morse-Bott functions via the moment map. It turns out that the contact homology depends only on the homology of the symplectic base and the bundle data of the contact manifolds as a circle bundle over the base. Moreover we can identify the relevant…
We generalize the results of Song-Zelditch on geodesics in spaces of Kahler metrics on toric varieties to harmonic maps of any compact Riemannian manifold with boundary into the space of Kahler metrics on a toric variety. We show that the harmonic map equation can always be solved and that such maps may be approximated in the C^2 topology by harmonic maps into the spaces of Bergman metrics. In particular, WZW maps, or equivalently solutions of a homogeneous Monge-Ampere equation on the product of the manifold with a Riemann surface with S^1 boundary admit such approximations. We also show that…
We investigate the number of geodesics between two points $p$ and $q$ on a contact sub-Riemannian manifold M. We show that the count of geodesics on $M$ is controlled by the count on its nilpotent approximation at $p$ (a contact Carnot group). For contact Carnot groups we make the count explicit in exponential coordinates $(x,z) \in \mathbb{R}^{2n} \times \mathbb{R}$ centered at $p$. In this case we prove that for the generic $q$ the number of geodesics $ν(q)$ between $p$ and $q=(x,z)$ satisfies: \[ C_1\frac{|z|}{\|x\|^2} + R_1 \leq ν(q) \leq C_2\frac{|z|}{\|x\|^2} + R_2\] for some constants $…
Symplectic capacities of domains close to the ball and Banach-Mazur geodesics in the space of contact forms
本文研究接近欧氏球的区域的辛容量一致性及接触形式空间的Banach-Mazur测地线问题，证明C²接近时辛容量一致、C¹接近时不成立，并借助Zoll接触形式的拟不变性与新谱不变量证明极小测地线存在性。
We complete the reduction of Sasakian manifolds with the non-zero case by showing that Willett's contact reduced space is compatible with the Sasakian structure. We then prove the compatibility of the non-zero Sasakian (in particular, contact) reduction with the reduction of the Kähler (in particular, symplectic) cone. We provide examples obtained by toric actions on Sasakian spheres and make some comments concerning the curvature of the quotients.
Given a contact three manifold $Y$ with a nondegenerate contact form $λ$, and an almost complex structure $J$ compatible with $λ$, its embedded contact homology $ECH(Y,λ)$ is defined (arXiv:1303.5789) and only depends on the contact structure. In this paper we explain how to compute ECH for Morse-Bott contact forms whose Reeb orbits appear in $S^1$ families, assuming the almost complex structure $J$ can be chosen to satisfy certain transversality conditions (this is the case for instance for boundaries of concave or convex toric domains, or if all the curves of ECH index one have genus zero). …
Geodesic and conformally Reeb vector fields on flat 3-manifolds
该研究针对平坦3-流形上的测地向量场，证明其与二维全测地叶层相切，给出闭流形上测地向量场为共形Reeb向量场的充要条件及3-环面接触结构的显式描述，并探讨非闭情形的类似结果。
In the same way that a contact manifold determines and is determined by a symplectic cone, a Sasaki manifold determines and is determined by a suitable Kahler cone. Kahler-Sasaki geometry is the geometry of these cones. This paper presents a symplectic action-angle coordinates approach to toric Kahler geometry and how it was recently generalized, by Burns-Guillemin-Lerman and Martelli-Sparks-Yau, to toric Kahler-Sasaki geometry. It also describes, as an application, how this approach can be used to relate a recent new family of Sasaki-Einstein metrics constructed by Gauntlett-Martelli-Sparks-W…
In this note we study the contact geometry of symplectic divisors. We show the contact structure induced on the boundary of a divisor neighborhood is invariant under toric and interior blow-ups and blow-downs. We also construct an open book decomposition on the boundary of a concave divisor neighborhood and apply it to the study of universally tight contact structures of contact torus bundles.
We describe various constructions in Sasakian geometry. First we generalize the join construction of the first two authors to arbitrary Sasakian manifolds. We then give several examples, including ones which prove the existence of Sasakian-Einstein metrics on manifolds homeomorphic to $S^2\times S^5.$ Then we use a generalization of the join construction due to Lerman, namely contact fibre bundles, to give a theorem constructing toric Sasakian structures. Finally, we explicitly construct regular toric Sasakian structures on all simply connected regular contact manifolds in dimension five.
On the contact type conjecture for exact magnetic systems
本文针对一类磁系统回答了接触类型猜想，构造了无限维空间的强测地类型磁系统，并证明了在能量水平下存在至少一个嵌入周期轨道，从而验证了该猜想的正确性。
We survey some results on the existence (and non-existence) of periodic Reeb orbits on contact manifolds, both in the open and closed case. We place these statements in the context of Finsler geometry by including a proof of the folklore theorem that the Finsler geodesic flow can be interpreted as a Reeb flow. As a mild extension of previous results we present existence statements on periodic Reeb orbits on contact manifolds with suitable supporting open books.
Topics in Magnetic Geometry: Interpolation, Intersections and Integrability
本文研究磁几何中接触几何、磁动力学与精确磁系统对称性的联系，通过插值性质、哈密顿群作用和完全磁子流形结构结果，拓展了里曼几何的经典现象。
In [11] it was proved that, given a compact toric Sasaki manifold of positive basic first Chern class and trivial first Chern class of the contact bundle, one can find a deformed Sasaki structure on which a Sasaki-Einstein metric exists. In the present paper we first prove the uniqueness of such Einstein metrics on compact toric Sasaki manifolds modulo the action of the identity component of the automorphism group for the transverse holomorphic structure, and secondly remark that the result of [11] implies the existence of compatible Einstein metrics on all compact Sasaki manifolds obtained fr…
Surgery on Anosov flows using bi-contact geometry
本文利用双接触几何定义了一类新的 Anosov 流 Dehn 手术，揭示了 Goodman 手术产生 Anosov 流的条件，并证明了沿简单闭测地线进行 Foulon-Hasselblatt Legendrian 手术是生成接触 Anosov 流的充要条件。
The Hopf-Rinow theorem and the Mañé critical value for magnetic geodesics on odd-dimensional spheres
本文研究了奇数维球面上的磁测地线，计算了Mañé临界值，并证明能量超临界当且仅当任意两点可由相应能量的磁测地线连接，同时揭示了系统的超可积性。
The results of this paper have been greatly superseded by those in the paper "Contact geometry and isosystolic inequalities" (arXiv:1109.4253) by the same authors.
We introduce the category of {\it locally $k$-standard $T$-manifolds} which includes well-known classes of manifolds such as toric and quasitoric manifolds, good contact toric manifolds and moment-angle manifolds. They are smooth manifolds with well-behaved actions of tori. We study their topological properties, such as fundamental groups and equivariant cohomology algebras. Then, we discuss when the torus equivariant cohomology algebra distinguishes them up to weakly equivariant homeomorphism.
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