Wolf P. Barth, Slawomir Rams
Let Y be a surface with only finitely many singularities all of which are cusps. A set of cusps on Y is called three-divisible, if there is a cyclic global triple cover of Y branched precisely over these cusps. The aim of this note is to determine the equations of surfaces $Y \subset P_3$ of degrees $\leq 6$ carrying a minimal, non-empty, three-divisible set.
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We study the geometry and codes of quartic surfaces with many cusps. We apply Gröbner bases to find examples of various configurations of cusps on quartics.
We totally classify the projective toric varieties whose canonical divisors are divisible by their dimensions. In Appendix, we show that Reid's toric Mori theory implies Mabuchi's characterization of the projective space for toric varieties.
We study a construction, which produces surfaces $Y \subset P_3$ with cusps. For example we obtain surfaces of degree six with 18, 24 or 27 three-divisible cusps. For sextic surfaces in a particular family of up to 30 cusps the codes of these sets of cusps are determined explicitly.
In this paper we consider smooth affine elliptic plane curves having one place at infinity. We identify them with elliptic projective plane curves having only one cusp as their singular points and meeting with the line at infinity only at the cusp. We characterize such curves by the self-intersection number of the strict transform of them via the minimal embedded resolution of their cusp. Furthermore, we prove that the self-intersection number of them is the maximum value among those of all the elliptic plane curves having only one cusp.
In this article we give an upper bound for the number of cusps on a cuspidal curve on a Hirzebruch surface. We adapt the results that have been found for a similar question asked for cuspidal curves on the projective plane, and restate the results in this new setting.
Cuspidal Cubic Projective Foliations: Global Rigidity, Deformations, and Pull-Backs
本文研究不可约尖点三次曲线相关的全纯叶状结构，证明次数至多七的整体刚性分类，引入尖点线性拉回轨迹并证明其刚性，主要贡献在于分类与拉回识别。
Quintic surfaces with 18 cusps
该研究在$\boldsymbol{P}^3$中构造出含18个普通尖点的五次曲面，基于Barth–Rams分解，经有限域与特征零提升验证，为代数几何中奇异五次曲面的研究提供了新实例。
We study rational cuspidal curves in projective surfaces. We specify two criteria obstructing possible configurations of singular points that may occur on such curves. One criterion generalizes the result of Fernandez de Bobadilla, Luengo, Melle--Hernandez and Nemethi and is based on the Bezout theorem. The other one is a generalization of the result obtained by Livingston and the author and relies on Ozsvath--Szabo inequalities for $d$-invariants in Heegaard Floer homology. We show by means of explicit calculations that the two approaches give very similar obstructions.
Remark on Tono's theorem about cuspidal curves
本文评注 Tono 关于尖点曲线的定理，通过曲线的第一 Betti 数建立平面仿射或射影曲线尖点数量的上界。
Let $C$ be an irreducible projective plane curve in the complex projective space ${\mathbb{P}}^2$. The classification of such curves, up to the action of the automorphism group $PGL(3,{\mathbb{C}})$ on ${\mathbb{P}}^2$, is a very difficult open problem with many interesting connections. The main goal is to determine, for a given $d$, whether there exists a projective plane curve of degree $d$ having a fixed number of singularities of given topological type. In this note we are mainly interested in the case when $C$ is a rational curve. The aim of this article is to present some of the old conj…
We prove that, over any field, the dimension of the indeterminacy locus of a rational transformation $f$ of $P^n$ which is defined by monomials of the same degree $d$ with no common factors is at least $(n-2)/2$, provided that the degree of $f$ as a map is not divisible by $d$. This implies upper bounds on the multidegree of $f$.
F-isocrystals of Higher Direct Images of $p$-Divisible Groups
本文研究特征p完美域上有限生成域k的光滑射影簇上p-可除群的高阶直像，证明其形式群与p-可除群同源，且可除部分的Dieudonné晶体与对应F-等晶的斜率[0,1]部分典范同构，解答了Artin–Mazur相关问题的有理形式。
If $S$ is a quintic surface in $\mathbb P^3$ with singular set $15$ $3$-divisible ordinary cusps, then there is a Galois triple cover $ϕ:X\to S$ branched only at the cusps such that $p_g(X)=4,$ $q(X)=0,$ $K_X^2=15$ and $ϕ$ is the canonical map of $X$. We use computer algebra to search for such quintics having a free action of $\mathbb Z_5$, so that $X/{\mathbb Z_5}$ is a smooth minimal surface of general type with $p_g=0$ and $K^2=3$. We find two different quintics, one of which is the Van der Geer--Zagier quintic, the other is new. We also construct a quintic threefold passing through the $15…
Let A be a central division algebra over a field F with ind A = n. In computing canonical p-dimension of projective PGL_1(A)-homogeneous varieties, for p prime, we can reduce to the case of generalized Severi-Brauer varieties X_e(A) with ind A a power of p divisible by e. We prove that canonical 2-dimension (and hence canonical dimension) equals dimension for all X_e(A) with ind A = 2e a power of 2.
We study ramified covers of the projective plane. Given a smooth projective surface S and a generic enough projection of S to the projective plane, we get a cover of the plane ramified over a plane curve. The branch curve is usually singular, but is classically known to have only cusps and nodes as singularities for a generic projection. Several questions arise. First, what is the_geography_ of branch curves among all nodal-cuspidal curves? Second: what is the_geometry_ of branch curves? In other words, how can one distinguish a branch curve from a non-branch curve with the same numerical inva…
Let Z be a zero-dimensional subscheme of the projective plane consisting of the union of r>5 double points, I its defining ideal sheaf. It is known that I has the expected cohomology when the points are distinct and in general position (Hirschowitz '85). We extend this result by allowing infinitely near points, one of them having bigger multiplicity. As an application, new bounds are given for the existence of plane curves with tacnodes and higher order cusps.
Motivic Cohomology and K-groups of varieties over higher local fields
研究高局部域上概形的K群在适当次数上的可除性及高 Chow 群的有限性，揭示 tame reciprocity 映射核的 p' 可除性。
By a K3-surface with nine cusps I mean a compact complex surface with nine isolated double points $A_2$, but otherwise smooth, such that its minimal desingularisation is a K3-surface. In an earlier paper I showd that each such surface is a quotient of a complex torus by a cyclic group of order three. Here I try to classify these $K3$-surfaces, using the period map for complex tori. In particular I show: A $K3$-surface with nine cusps carries polarizations only of degrees 0 or 2 modulo 6. This implies in particular that there is no quartic surface in projective three-space with nine cusps. (T. …
Computing Crystalline Cohomology and p-Divisible Groups for Curves over Finite Fields
本文提出了一种计算有限域上曲线的p-可除群的算法，基于晶体上同调的Frobenius和Verschiebung算子，改进了Tuitman的p进点计数算法。
Varieties of minimal degree in weighted projective space
研究加权射影空间中极小度数品种的性质，定义加权1-通用矩阵并探讨其极小度数特征及加权N_p性质，提出关于一般加权三维流形的猜想。
We study Enriques surfaces with four A_2-configurations. In particular, we construct open Enriques surfaces with fundamental groups (Z/3Z)^2 x Z/2Z and Z/6Z, completing the picture of the A_2-case from previous work by Keum and Zhang. We also construct an explicit Gorenstein Q-homology projective plane of singularity type A3 + 3A2, supporting an open case from a paper by Hwang, Keum and Ohashi.
The cuspidal cubic and line arrangements with only triple points
本文构造了射影平面中仅含三重点奇点的新无限直线排列族，并重新得到已知例子。
We characterize the monodromies of projective structures with fuchsian-type singularities. Namely, any representation from the fundamental group of a Riemann surface of finite-type in $PSL_2(\mathbb{C})$ can be represented as the holonomy of branched projective structure with fuchsian-type singularities over the cusps. We made a geometrical/topological study of all local conical projective structures whose Schwarzian derivative admits a simple pole at the cusp. Finally, we explore isomonodromic deformations of such projective structures and the problem of minimizing angles.
The purpose of this paper is to show that the third unramified cohomology with divisible coefficients of a smooth projective geometrically rational threefold over a finite field must vanish under $\Z_{\ell}$-exactness Hard Lefschetz condition.
We describe smooth rational projective algebraic surfaces X, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2, having an even set of four disjoint (-2)-curves N_1,...,N_4, i.e. such that N_1+...+N_4 is divisible by 2 in Pic(X).
We classify rational cuspidal curves of degrees 6 and 7 in the complex projective plane, up to symplectic isotopy. The proof uses topological tools, pseudoholomorphic techniques, and birational transformations.
Let $E\subseteq \mathbb{P}^2$ be a complex curve homeomorphic to the projective line. The Negativity Conjecture asserts that the Kodaira-Iitaka dimension of $K_X+\frac{1}{2}D$, where $(X,D)\to (\mathbb{P}^{2},E)$ is a minimal log resolution, is negative. We prove structure theorems for curves satisfying this conjecture and we finish their classification up to a projective equivalence by describing the ones whose complement admits no $\mathbb{C}^{**}$-fibration. As a consequence, we show that they satisfy the Strong Rigidity Conjecture of Flenner-Zaidenberg. The proofs are based on the almost m…
On the genus of projective curves not contained in hypersurfaces of given degree, II
本文研究不包含在给定低次数超曲面中的复射影曲线的算术亏格，给出 Castelnuovo 界并证明其在若干参数条件下的尖锐性，同时刻画了非尖锐时的极值可能性。
Let S be a projective K3 surface. It is proved that the 0-dimensional cusps of the Kahler moduli of S are in one-to-one correspondence with the twisted Fourier-Mukai partners of S. This leads to a counting formula for the 0-dimensional cusps of the Kahler moduli. Applications to rational maps between K3 surfaces with large Picard numbers are given. When the Picard number of S is 1, the bijective correspondence is calculated explicitly.
We study general properties of the dessins d'enfants associated with the Hecke congruence subgroups $Γ_0(N)$ of the modular group $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$. The definition of the $Γ_0(N)$ as the stabilisers of couples of projective lattices in a two-dimensional vector space gives an interpretation of the quotient set $Γ_0(N)\backslash\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ as the projective lattices $N$-hyperdistant from a reference one, and hence as the projective line over the ring $\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}$. The natural action of $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ on the lattices defines a dessin d'enfant s…
Let $S$ be a Riemann surface obtained by deleting a finite number of points, called cusps, from a compact Riemann surface. Let $ρ: π_1(S)\to Sl(n, \mathbb{C})$ be a semisimple linear representation of $π_1(S)$ which is unipotent near the cusps. We investigate various cohomologies associated to $ρ$ of $\bar S$ with degenerating coefficients $L_ρ$ (considered as a local system -- a flat vector bundle, a Higgs bundle, or a $\mathcal{D}$-module, depending on the context): the Čech cohomology of $j_*L_ρ$, the $L^2$-cohomology, the $L^2$-Dolbeault cohomology, and the $L^2$-Higgs cohomology, and the …
Using lattice theory, we establish a one-to-one correspondence between the set of Fourier-Mukai partners of a projective $K3$ surface and the set of 0-dimensional standard cusps of its Kahler moduli. We also study the relation between twisted Fourier-Mukai partners and general 0-dimensional cusps, and the relation between Fourier-Mukai partners with elliptic fibrations and certain 1-dimensional cusps.
We give a criterion for a projective surface to become a quotient of a fake projective plane. We also give a detailed information on the elliptic fibration of a $(2,3)$-elliptic surface that is the minimal resolution of a quotient of a fake projective plane. As a consequence, we give a classification of ${\mathbb Q}$-homology projective planes with cusps only.
Recently, W. Barth and S. Rams discussed sextics with up to 30 $A_2$-singularities (also called cusps) and their connection to coding theory [math.AG/0403018]. In the present paper, we find a sextic with 35 cusps within a four-parameter family of surfaces of degree 6 in projective three-space with dihedral symmetry $D_5$. This narrows the possibilities for the maximum number $μ_{A_2}(6)$ of $A_2$-singularities on a sextic to $35 \le μ_{A_2}(6) \le 37$. To construct this surface, we use a general algorithm in characteristic zero for finding hypersurfaces with many singularities within a family.
Let S be a nonsingular projective K3 surface. Motivated by the study of the Gromov-Witten theory of the Hilbert scheme of points of S, we conjecture a formula for the Gromov-Witten theory (in all curve classes) of the Calabi-Yau 3-fold S x E where E is an elliptic curve. In the primitive case, our conjecture is expressed in terms of the Igusa cusp form chi_{10} and matches a prediction via heterotic duality by Katz, Klemm, and Vafa. In imprimitive cases, our conjecture suggests a new structure for the complete theory of descendent integration for K3 surfaces. Via the Gromov-Witten/Pairs corres…
Quotient singularities in the Grothendieck ring of varieties
本文研究了簇的 Grothendieck 环中商奇点消解的整除性问题，证明了其取决于 $BG$ 的稳定有理性，并在 $G$ 为阿贝尔群或对称群作用等特定情形下给出了肯定结论。
Chisini's conjecture asserts that for a cuspidal curve $B\subset \mathbb P^2$ a generic morphism $f$ of a smooth projective surface onto $\mathbb P^2$ of degree $\geq 5$, branched along $B$, is unique up to isomorphism. We prove that if $°f$ is greater than the value of some function depending on the degree, genus, and number of cusps of $B$, then the Chisini conjecture holds for $B$. This inequality holds for many different generic morphisms. In particular, it holds for a generic morphism given by a linear subsystem of the $m$th canonical class for almost all surfaces with ample canonical cla…
Zero-cycles on quasi-projective surfaces over $p$-adic fields
本文通过研究开子簇的 Suslin 奇异同调，证明了 Colliot-Thélène 猜想对由曲线乘积几何支配的曲面成立。
It is proved that if $S\subset \mathbb P^N$ is a smooth projective surface and $f:S\to \mathbb P^2$ is a generic linear projection branched over a cuspidal curve $B\subset \mathbb P^2$, then the surface $S$ is determined uniquely up to an isomorphism of $S$ by the curve $B$.
Divisibility phenomena in motivic Bloch--Ogus theory
本文研究了光滑项目ive变种上的动机Bloch-Ogus理论中的可除现象，证明了函数域的MilnorK群中无分歧类的子群包含在n可除元素子群中，并推广到任意双度数的动机上同调，进一步证明当k为有限或可分闭域且l为k中可逆素数时，X的动机上同调的Bloch-Ogus滤波中除了最后一步外都是l可除的，且推广到任意准项目ivek-方案。
Given a smooth polarized Riemann surface (X, L) endowed with a hyperbolic metric $ω$ with cusp singularities along a divisor D, we show the L^2 projective embedding of (X, D) defined by L^k is asymptotically almost balanced in a weighted sense. The proof depends on sufficiently precise understanding of the behavior of the Bergman kernel in three regions, with the most crucial one being the neck region around D. This is the first step towards understanding the algebro-geometric stability of extremal Kähler metrics with singularities.
We study pullbacks of modular forms of weight 1 from the modular curve X(4) to the modular curve X(4p), where p is an odd prime. We find the extent to which such modular forms separate points on X(4p). Our main result is that these modular forms give rise to a morphism F from the quotient of X(4p) by a certain involution i to projective space, such that F is a projective embedding of X(4p)/i away from the cusps. We also report on computer calculations regarding products of such modular forms, going up to weight 4 for p <= 13, and up to weight 3 for p <= 23, and make a conjecture about these pr…
We study parameter spaces of linear series on projective curves in the presence of unibranch singularities, i.e. {\it cusps}; and to do so, we stratify cusps according to value semigroup. We show that {\it generalized Severi varieties} of maps $\mathbb{P}^1 \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^n$ with images of fixed degree and arithmetic genus are often {\it reducible} whenever $n \geq 3$. We also prove that the Severi variety of degree-$d$ maps with a hyperelliptic cusp of delta-invariant $g \ll d$ is of codimension at least $(n-1)g$ inside the space of degree-$d$ holomorphic maps $\mathbb{P}^1 \rightarro…
We obtain an alternate proof of an injectivity result by Beauville for a map from the moduli space of quartic del Pezzo surfaces to the set of conjugacy classes of certain subgroups of the Cremona group. This amounts to showing that a projective configuration of five distinct unordered points on the line can be reconstructed from its five projective four-point subconfigurations. This is done by reduction to a question in the classical invariant theory of the binary quintic, which is solved by computer-assisted methods. More precisely, we show that six specific invariants of degree 24, the cons…
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