An extension theorem for separately holomorphic functions with singularities, II
Marek Jarnicki, Peter Pflug
备注:
This paper has been withdrawn by the author(s) and included into the new version of "An extension theorem for separately holomorphic functions with singularities", math.CV/0104089
This paper has been withdrawn by the author(s) and included into the new version of "An extension theorem for separately holomorphic functions with singularities", math.CV/0104089.
We describe a part of the recent developments in the theory of separately holomorphic mappings between complex analytic spaces. Our description focuses on works using the technique of holomorphic discs.
We first exhibit counterexamples to some open questions related to a theorem of Sakai. Then we establish an extension theorem of Sakai type for separately holomorphic/meromorphic functions.
We study holomorphic foliations tangent to singular real-analytic Levi-flat hypersurfaces in compact complex manifolds of complex dimension two. We give some hypotheses to guarantee the existence of dicritical singularities of these objects. As consequence, we give some applications to holomorphic foliations tangent to real-analytic Levi-flat hypersurfaces with singularities in $\mathbb{P}^2$.
We extend the theory of separately holomorphic mappings between complex analytic spaces. Our method is based on Poletsky theory of discs, Rosay Theorem on holomorphic discs and our recent joint-work with Pflug on cross theorems in dimension 1. It also relies on our new technique of conformal mappings and a generalization of Siciak's relative extremal function. Our approach illustrates the unified character: ``From local informations to global extensions". Moreover, it avoids systematically the use of the classical method of doubly orthogonal bases of Bergman type.
We prove a theorem on separation of boundary null points for generators of continuous semigroups of holomorphic self-mappings of the unit disk in the complex plane. Our construction demonstrates the existence and importance of a particular role of the binary operation $\circ$ given by $1 / f \circ g = 1/f + 1/g$ on generators.
Let $D\subset \C^n,$ $G\subset \C^m$ be pseudoconvex domains, let $A$ (resp. $B$) be an open subset of the boundary $\partial D$ (resp. $\partial G$) and let $X$ be the 2-fold cross $((D\cup A)\times B)\cup (A\times(B\cup G)).$ Suppose in addition that the domain $D$ (resp. $G$) is {\it locally $\mathcal{C}^2$ smooth on $A$} (resp. $B$). We shall determine the "envelope of holomorphy" $\hat{X}$ of $X$ in the sense that any function continuous on $X$ and separately holomorphic on $(A\times G) \cup (D\times B)$ extends to a function continuous on $\hat{X}$ and holomorphic on the interior of $\ha…
We study the pluripolar hull of the graph of a holomorphic function f, defined on a domain D in the complex plane outside a polar set A of D. This leads to a theorem that describes under what conditions f is nowhere extendable over A, while the graph of f over D \ A is NOT complete pluripolar.
Using recent development in Poletsky theory of discs, we prove the following result: Let $X,$ $Y$ be two complex manifolds, let $Z$ be a complex analytic space which possesses the Hartogs extension property, let $A$ (resp. $B$) be a non locally pluripolar subset of $X$ (resp. $Y$). We show that every separately holomorphic mapping $f: W:=(A\times Y) \cup (X\times B)\longrightarrow Z$ extends to a holomorphic mapping $\hat{f}$ on $\hat{W}:=\left\lbrace(z,w)\in X\times Y:\ \widetildeω(z,A,X)+\widetildeω(w,B,Y)<1 \right\rbrace$ such that $\hat{f}=f$ on $W\cap \hat{W},$ where $\widetildeω(\cdot,A,…
These are the notes of a series of lectures delivered by the author at the Graduate School of Mathematics of the University of Tokyo, during the month of October 2015. They were meant to be as self-contained as possible, taking into account time and space. The basic idea was to introduce the concepts and some of the basic results in the theory of holomorphic foliations with singularities. Another goal is to guide the reader to some of the recent questions and problems in the field, providing in this way a motivating introduction to those who are interested in studying a new subject.
We consider a continuous function $f$ on a domain in $\mathbf C^n$ satisfying the inequality that $|\bar \partial f|\leq |f|$ off its zero set. The main conclusion is that the zero set of $f$ is a complex variety. We also obtain removable singularity theorem of Rado type for J-holomorphic maps. Let $Ω$ be an open subset in $\mathbf C$ and let $E$ be a closed polar subset of $Ω$. Let $u$ be a continuous map from $Ω$ into an almost complex manifold $(M,J)$ with $J$ of class $C^1$. We show that if $u$ is J-holomorphic on $Ω\setminus E$ then it is J-holomorphic on $Ω$.
Let $D_j\subset\Bbb C^{k_j}$ be a pseudoconvex domain and let $A_j\subset D_j$ be a locally pluripolar set, $j=1,...,N$. Put$$X:=\bigcup_{j=1}^N A_1\times...\times A_{j-1}\times D_j\times A_{j+1}\times...\times A_N\subset\Bbb C^{k_1+...+k_N}.$$Let $U$ be an open connected neighborhood of $X$ and let $M\varsubsetneq U$ be an analytic subset. Then there exists an analytic subset $\hat M$ of the `envelope of holomorphy' $\hat X$ of $X$ with $\hat M\cap X\subset M$ such that for every function $f$ separately holomorphic on $X\setminus M$ there exists an $\hat f$ holomorphic on $\hat X\setminus\hat…
We define the Milnor number -- as the intersection number of two holomorphic sections -- of a one-dimensional holomorphic foliation $\mathscr{F}$ with respect to a compact connected component $C$ of its singular set. Under certain conditions, we prove that the Milnor number of $\mathscr{F}$ on a three-dimensional manifold with respect to $C$ is invariant by $C^1$ topological equivalences.
Let $X$ be a Hermitian complex space of pure dimension $n$ with isolated singularities. In the present paper, we give a natural resolution for the canonical sheaf of square-integrable holomorphic $n$-forms with Dirichlet boundary condition on $X$. As application, we obtain an explicit smooth model for the $L^2$-$\bar{\partial}$-cohomology, including natural resolutions for sheaves of $\bar{\partial}$-closed (holomorphic) $L^2$-functions.
We study codimension one holomorphic foliations on complex projective spaces and compact manifolds under the assumption that the foliation has a projective transverse structure in the complement of some invariant codimension one analytic subset. The basic motivation is the characterization of pull-backs of Riccati foliations on projective spaces. Our techniques apply to give a description of the generic models of codimension one foliations on compact manifolds of dimension $\ge 3$.
We prove the existence of non-positively curved Kähler-Einstein metrics with cone singularities along a given simple normal crossing divisor on a compact Kähler manifold, under a technical condition on the cone angles, and we also discuss the case of positively-curved Kähler-Einstein metrics with cone singularities. As an application we extend to this setting classical results of Lichnerowicz and Kobayashi on the parallelism and vanishing of appropriate holomorphic tensor fields.
We prove that in the extension theorem for separately holomorphic functions on an $N$-fold cross with singularities the case of analytic singularities follows from the case of pluripolar singularities.
We prove that rational and 1-rational singularities of complex spaces are stable under taking quotients by holomorphic actions of reductive and compact Lie groups. This extends a result of Boutot to the analytic category and yields a refinement of his result in the algebraic category. As one of the main technical tools vanishing theorems for cohomology groups with support on fibres of resolutions are proven.
We study boundary singularities which can appear for infinitesimal generators of one-parameter semigroups of holomorphic self-maps in the unit disc. We introduce "regular" fractional singularities and characterize them in terms of the behavior of the associated semigroups and Koenigs functions. We also provide necessary and sufficient geometric criteria on the shape of the image of the Koenigs function for having such singularities. In order to do this, we study contact points of semigroups and prove that any contact (not fixed) point of a one-parameter semigroup corresponds to a maximal arc o…
Let $D_j\subset\Bbb C^{n_j}$ be a pseudoconvex domain and let $A_j\subset D_j$ be a locally pluriregular set, $j=1,...,N$. Put $$ X:=\bigcup_{j=1}^N A_1\times...\times A_{j-1}\times D_j\times A_{j+1}\times ...\times A_N\subset\Bbb C^{n_1}\times...\times\Bbb C^{n_N}=\Bbb C^n. $$ Let $U\subset\Bbb C^n$ be an open neighborhood of $X$ and let $M\subset U$ be a relatively closed subset of $U$. For $j\in\{1,...,N\}$ let $Σ_j$ be the set of all $(z',z'')\in(A_1\times...\times A_{j-1}) \times(A_{j+1}\times...\times A_N)$ for which the fiber $M_{(z',\cdot,z'')}:=\{z_j\in\Bbb C^{n_j}\: (z',z_j,z'')\in M…
The aim of this paper is to present an extension theorem for the functions separately holomorphic on generalized (N,k)-crosses with pluripolar singularities.
In dimensions greater than or equal to 3, the local structure of a singular holomorphic foliation conceals a globally defined foliation on the projective space of dimension one less. In this paper, we will discuss how the global dynamics of the latter foliation exerts influence on several problems that apparently have a purely local nature. In the course of the discussion, a few recent results and open problems in the area will be reviewed as well.
This is an extensive (published) survey on CR geometry, whose major themes are: formal analytic reflection principle; generic properties of Systems of (CR) vector fields; pairs of foliations and conjugate reflection identities; Sussmann's orbit theorem; local and global aspects of holomorphic extension of CR functions; Tumanov's solution of Bishop's equation in Hoelder classes with optimal loss of smoothness; wedge-extendability on C^2,a generic submanifolds of C^n consisting of a single CR orbit; propagation of CR extendability and edge-of-the-wedge theorem; Painlevé problem; metrically thin …
Let G be a finite group acting on a symplectic complex vector space V. Assume that the quotient V/G has a holomorphic symplectic resolution. We prove that G is generated by "symplectic reflectionsd"', i.e. symplectomorphisms with fixed space of codimension 2 in V. Symplectic resolutions are always semismall. A crepant resolution of V/G is always symplectic. We give a symplectic version of Nakamura conjectures.
We investigate the minimal singularities of metrics on a big line bundle $L$ over a projective manifold when the stable base locus $Y$ of $L$ is a submanifold of codimension $r\geq 1$. Under some assumptions on the normal bundle and a neighborhood of $Y$, we give a explicit description of the minimal singularity of metrics on $L$. We apply this result to study a higher (co-)dimensional analogue of Zariski's example, in which the line bundle $L$ is not semi-ample, however it is nef and big.
Let \Fc be a holomorphic foliation by curves defined in a neighborhood of 0 in \C^2 having 0 as a hyperbolic singularity. Let T be a harmonic current directed by \Fc which does not give mass to any of the two separatrices. Then we show that the Lelong number of T at 0 vanishes. Next, we apply this local result to investigate the global mass-distribution for directed harmonic currents on singular holomorphic foliations living on compact complex surfaces. Finally, we apply this global result to study the recurrence phenomenon of a generic leaf.
A survey of general results on the singularities of inverses to meromorphic functions is given, with applications to holomorphic dynamics. This is a lecture delivered at the workshop "The role of complex analysis in complex dynamics" in Edinburgh on May 22 2013, with corrected mistakes and updated references.
Let $\mathbb{B}^2$ denote the open unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^2$, and let $p\in \mathbb{C}^2\setminus\overline{\mathbb{B}^2}$. We prove that if $f$ is an analytic function on the sphere $\partial\mathbb{B}^2$ that extends holomorphically in each variable separately and along each complex line through $p$, then $f$ is the trace of a holomorphic function in the ball.
In these introductory notes we give the basics of the theory of holomorphic foliations and laminations. The emphasis is on the theory of harmonic currents and unique ergodicity for laminations transversally Lipschitz in CP^2 and for generic holomorphic foliations in CP^2.
Let $n\ge 2$ be an integer, and $B^{n}\subset \mathbb{C}^{n}$ the unit ball. Let $K\subset B^{n}$ be a compact subset such that $B^n\setminus K$ is connected, or $K=\{z=(z_1,\cdots, z_n)|z_1=z_2=0\}\subset \mathbb{C}^{n}$. By the theory of developing maps, we prove that a Kähler metric on $B^{n}\setminus K$ with constant holomorphic sectional curvature uniquely extends to $B^{n}$.
We study the classification of the pairs $(N, \,X)$ where $N$ is a Stein surface and $X$ is a complete holomorphic vector field with isolated singularities on $N$. We describe the role of transverse sections in the classification of $X$ and give necessary and sufficient conditions on $X$ in order to have $N$ biholomorphic to $\mathbb C^2$. As a sample of our results, we prove that $N$ is biholomorphic to $\mathbb C^2$ if $H^2(N,\mathbb Z)=0$, $X$ has a finite number of singularities and exhibits a non-nilpotent singularity with three separatrices or, equivalently, a singularity with first jet …
We present enumerative results for holomorphic foliations by curves on $\mathbb{P}^n$, $n\geq 3$, with singularities of positive dimension. Some of the results presented improve previous ones due to Corrêa--Fernández-Pérez--Nonato Costa--Vidal Martins and Nonato Costa. We also present an enumerative result bounding the number of isolated singularities in a projective subvariety invariant by a holomorphic foliation by curves on $\mathbb{P}^n$ with a singularity of positive dimension.
The aim of this article is twofold: First we study holomorphic germs of parabolic diffeomorphisms of $(\mathbb{C}^2,0)$ that are reversed by a holomorphic reflection and posses an analytic first integral with non-degenerate critical point at the origin. We find a canonical formal normal form and provide a complete analytic classification (in formal generic cases) in terms of a collection of functional invariants. Their restriction to an irreductible component of the zero locus of the first integral reduces to the Birkhoff--Écalle--Voronin modulus of the 1-dimensional restricted parabolic germ.…
Formulae for indices of holomorphic foliations via reduction of singularities
Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense(弗鲁米嫩塞联邦大学数学与统计研究所);Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú(秘鲁天主教 Pontificia 大学);Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona(巴塞罗那自治大学)
This article is concerned with the geometry of germs of real analytic surfaces in $(\mathbb{C}^2,0)$ having an isolated Cauchy-Riemann (CR) singularity at the origin. These are perturbations of {\it Bishop quadrics}. There are two kinds of CR singularities stable under perturbation~: {\it elliptic} and {\it hyperbolic}. Elliptic case was studied by Moser-Webster \cite{moser-webster} who showed that such a surface is locally, near the CR singularity, holomorphically equivalent to {\it normal form} from which lots of geometric features can be read off. In this article we focus on perturbations o…
Starting from some remarkable singularities of holomorphic vector fields, we construct (open) complex surfaces over which the singularities in question are realized by complete vector fields. Our constructions lead to manifolds and vector fields beyond the algebraic setting and provide examples of complete vector fields with some new dynamical phenomena.
We establish extension theorems for separately holomorphic mappings defined on sets of the form W\setminus M with values in a complex analytic space which possesses the Hartogs extension property. Here W is a 2-fold cross of arbitrary complex manifolds and M is a set of singularities which is locally pluripolar (resp. thin) in fibers.
Let $D_j\subset\mathbb C^{n_j}$ be a pseudoconvex domain and let $A_j\subset D_j$ be a locally pluriregular set, $j=1,...,N$. Put $$ X:=\bigcup_{j=1}^N A_1\times...\times A_{j-1}\times D_j\times A_{j+1}\times...\times A_N. $$ Let $M\subset X$ be relatively closed. For any $j\in\{1,...,N\}$ let $Σ_j$ be the set of all $(z',z'')\in(A_1\times...\times A_{j-1})\times(A_{j+1}\times...\times A_N)$ such that the fiber $M_{(z',\cdot,z'')}:=\{z_j\in\mathbb C^{n_j}: (z',z_j,z'')\in M\}$ is not pluripolar. Assume that $Σ_1,...,Σ_N$ are pluripolar. Put ${multline*} X':=\bigcup_{j=1}^N\{(z',z_j,z'')\in(A_1…
We present a list of open questions in the theory of holomorphic foliations, possibly with singularities. Some problems have been around for a while, others are very accessible.
We study analytic integrable deformations of the germ of a holomorphic foliation given by $df=0$ at the origin $0 \in \mathbb C^n, n \geq 3$. We consider the case where $f$ is a germ of an irreducible and reduced holomorphic function. Our central hypotheses is that, {\em outside of a dimension $\leq n-3$ analytic subset $Y\subset X$, the analytic hypersurface $X_f : (f=0)$ has only normal crossings singularities}. We then prove that, as germs, such deformations also exhibit a holomorphic first integral, depending analytically on the parameter of the deformation. This applies to the study of in…
Let a real-analytic manifold $M$ formally (holomorphically) equivalent to the following model \begin{equation*}w=z_{1}\overline{z}_{1}+\dots+z_{N}\overline{z}_{N}+λ_{1}\left(z_{1}^{2}+\overline{z}_{1}^{2}\right)+\dots+λ_{N}\left(z_{N}^{2}+\overline{z}_{N}^{2}\right),{equation*} assuming that $$ λ_{1},\dots, λ_{N}\in \left[0,\frac{1}{2}\right).$$ It is proven that $M$ is holomorphically equivalent to this model by developing a partial normal form for such real-analytic submanifold using generalized Fischer Decompositions. In particular, there are defined certain Spaces of Normalizations used al…
We study the relationship between singular holomorphic foliations in $(\mathbb{C}^{2},0)$ and their separatrices. Under mild conditions we describe a complete set of analytic invariants characterizing foliations with quasi-homogeneous separatrices. Further, we give the full moduli space of quasi-homogeneous plane curves. This paper has an expository character in order to make it accessible also to non-specialists.
One of the various versions of the classical Lyapunov-Poincaré center theorem states that a nondegenerate real analytic center type planar vector field singularity admits an analytic first integral. In a more proof of this result, R. Moussu establishes important connection between this result and the theory of singularities of holomorphic foliations (\cite{moussu}). In this paper we consider generalizations for two main frameworks: (i) planar real analytic vector fields with "many" periodic orbits near the singularity and (ii) germs of holomorphic foliations having a suitable singularity in di…
We prove that given a holomorphic family of holomorphic functions with isolated singularities at zero and constant Milnor number, it is possible to obtain the gradient inequality with a uniform exponent.
Let $D$ and $G$ be copies of the open unit disc in $\C,$ let $A$ (resp. $B$) be a measurable subset of $\partial D$ (resp. $\partial G$), let $W$ be the 2-fold cross $\big((D\cup A)\times B\big)\cup \big(A\times(B\cup G)\big),$ and let $M$ be a relatively closed subset of $W.$ Suppose in addition that $A$ and $B$ are of positive one-dimensional Lebesgue measure and that $M$ is fiberwise polar (resp. fiberwise discrete) and that $M\cap (A\times B)=\varnothing.$ We determine the "envelope of holomorphy" $\hat{W\setminus M}$ of $W\setminus M$ in the sense that any function locally bounded on $W\s…
Let X be a complex analytic space. A short analytic arc is a holomorphic map of the closed unit disc to X such that only the origin is mapped to a singular point. In contrast with the space of formal arcs studied by Nash, the moduli space of short analytic arcs usually has infinitely many connected components. We describe these for surface singularities, in terms of certain conjugacy classes of the fundamental group of the link. For quotient singularities (in any dimension), this gives a concrete realization of the McKay correspondence. Our results also give new connections between a surface c…
We study the sheaf of locally square integrable holomorphic section of vector bundle with semi-positive curved singular Hermitian metric. We confirm the coherence when its induced determinant metric has analytic singularities.
We are interested in characterizing the holonomy maps associated to integral curves of non-degenerate singularities of holomorphic vector fields. Such a description is well-known in dimension 2 where is a key ingredient in the study of reduced singularities. The most intricate case in the 2 dimensional setting corresponds to (Siegel) saddle singularities. This work treats the analogous problem for saddles in higher dimension. We show that any germ of holomorphic biholomorphism, in any dimension, can be obtained as the holonomy map associated to an integral curve of a saddle singularity. A natu…
We prove a result on removing singularities of almost complex structures pulled back by a non-diffeomorphic map. As an application we prove the existence of global J-holomorphic discs with boundaries attached to real tori.