This paper is an exploration of relationships between the Jones polynomial and quantum computing. We discuss the structure of the Jones polynomial in relation to representations of the Temperley Lieb algebra, and give an example of a unitary representation of the braid group. We discuss the evaluation of the polynomial as a generalized quantum amplitude and show how the braiding part of the evaluation can be construed as a quantum computation when the braiding representation is unitary. The question of an efficient quantum algorithm for computing the whole polynomial remains open.
In the paper, we describe the Drinfel'd double structure of the $n$-rank Taft algebra and all of its simple modules, and then endow its $R$-matrices with some application to knot invariants. The knot invariants we get is a generalization of the Jones polynomial, in particular, it recovers the Jones polynomial in rank $1$ case, while in rank $2$ case, it is the one-parameter specialization of the two-parameter unframed Dubrovnik polynomial, and in higher rank case it is the composite ($n$-power) of the Jones polynomial.
We study relationships between the colored Jones polynomial and the A-polynomial of a knot. We establish for a large class of 2-bridge knots the AJ conjecture (of Garoufalidis) that relates the colored Jones polynomial and the A-polynomial. Along the way we also calculate the Kauffman bracket skein module of all 2-bridge knots. Some properties of the colored Jones polynomial of alternating knots are established.
We show that for a twist knot, the A-polynomial can be obtained from recurrences for the summand in Masbaum's formula of the colored Jones polynomial. Our result supports the AJ conjecture due to S.Garoufalidis.
In previous joint work with Frohman and Lofaro a noncommutative generalization of the A-polynomial of a knot was introduced, consisting of a finitely generated ideal of polynomials (the noncommutative A-ideal) in the quantum plane. The present paper shows that the noncommutative A-ideal of a knot, together with finitely many of its colored Jones polynomials determines all other colored Jones polynomials. Also, for particular knots, such as the unknot and the trefoil, the noncommutative A-ideal completely determines all colored Jones polynomials.
This expository essay is aimed at introducing the Jones polynomial. We will see the encapsulation of the Jones polynomial, which will involve topics in functional analysis and geometrical topology; making this essay an interdisciplinary area of mathematics. The presentation is based on a lot of different sources of material (check references), but we will mainly be giving an account on Jones' papers and Kauffman's papers.
The Jones polynomial of a knot in 3-space is a Laurent polynomial in $q$, with integer coefficients. Many people have pondered why is this so, and what is a proper generalization of the Jones polynomial for knots in other closed 3-manifolds. Our paper centers around this question. After reviewing several existing definitions of the Jones polynomial, we show that the Jones polynomial is really an analytic function, in the sense of Habiro. Using this, we extend the holonomicity properties of the colored Jones function of a knot in 3-space to the case of a knot in an integer homology sphere, and …
We exhibit an infinite family of knots with the property that the first coefficient of the n-colored Jones polynomial grows linearly with n. This shows that the concept of stability and tail seen in the colored Jones polynomials of alternating knots does not generalize naively.
We show that the Mahler measures of the Jones polynomial and of the colored Jones polynomials converge under twisting for any link. Moreover, almost all of the roots of these polynomials approach the unit circle under twisting. In terms of Mahler measure convergence, the Jones polynomial behaves like hyperbolic volume under Dehn surgery. For pretzel links P(a_1,...,a_n), we show that the Mahler measure of the Jones polynomial converges if all a_i tend to infinity, and approaches infinity for a_i = constant if n tend to infinity, just as hyperbolic volume. We also show that after sufficiently m…
In this paper, we prove a formula for the 2-head of the colored Jones polynomial for an infinite family of pretzel knots. Following Hall, the proof utilizes skein-theoretic techniques and a careful examination of higher order stability properties for coefficients of the colored Jones polynomial.
In the asymptotic expansion of the hyperbolic specification of the colored Jones polynomial of torus knots, we identify different geometric contributions, in particular Chern--Simons invaraint and Reidemeister torsion.
The colored Jones polynomial of links has two natural normalizations: one in which the n-colored unknot evaluates to [n+1], the quantum dimension of the (n+1)-dimensional irreducible representation of quantum sl(2), and the other in which it evaluates to 1. For each normalization we construct a bigraded cohomology theory of links with the colored Jones polynomial as the Euler characteristic.
We use the machinery of categorified Jones-Wenzl projectors to construct a categorification of a type A Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant of oriented framed tangles where each strand is labeled by an arbitrary finite-dimensional representation. As a special case, we obtain a categorification of the coloured Jones polynomial of links.
We introduce three spectral sequences which give some expressions of colored Jones polynomials. Each spectral sequence contains a Khovanov-type homology groups. Two of them are derived from a bicomplex of the colored Jones polynomial. The other is the spectral sequence that deduces a colored Rasmussen invariant of links. We also introduce three functors between categories of nanophrases, generalizations of links, and obtain their applications using colored Jones polynomials and their categorifications.
We prove an explicit cabling formula for the colored Jones polynomial. As an application we prove the volume conjecture for all zero volume knots and links, i.e. all knots and links that are obtained from the unknot by repeated cabling and connected sum.
The noncommutative A-ideal of a knot is a generalization of the A-polynomial, defined using Kauffman bracket skein modules. In this paper we show that any knot that has the same noncommutative A-ideal as the (2,2p+1)-torus knot has the same colored Jones polynomials. This is a consequence of the orthogonality relation, which yields a recursive relation for computing all colored Jones polynomials of the knot.
We introduce colored Jones polynomials of nanowords and their categorification. We also prove the existence of a Khovanov-type bicomplex which has three grades.
We show examples of knots with the same polynomial invariants and hyperbolic volumes, with variously coinciding 2-cable polynomials and colored Jones polynomials, which are not mutants.
The colored Jones polynomial is a series of one variable Laurent polynomials J(K,n) associated with a knot K in 3-space. We will show that for an alternating knot K the absolute values of the first and the last three leading coefficients of J(K,n) are independent of n when n is sufficiently large. Computation of sample knots indicates that this should be true for any fixed leading coefficient of the colored Jones polynomial for alternating knots. As a corollary we get a Volume-ish Theorem for the colored Jones Polynomial.
We give a topological formula of the loop expansion of the colored Jones polynomials by using identification of generic quantum sl2 representation with homological representations. This gives a direct topological proof of the Melvin-Morton-Rozansky conjecture, and a connection between entropy of braids and quantum representations.
We study the asymptotic behavior of the $N$-dimensional colored Jones polynomial of a cable of the figure-eight knot, evaluated at $\exp(ξ/N)$ for a real number $ξ$. We show that if $ξ$ is sufficiently large, the colored Jones polynomial grows exponentially when $N$ goes to the infinity. Moreover the growth rate is related to the Chern-Simons invariant of the knot exterior associated with an $\mathrm{SL}(2;\mathbb{R})$ representation.
We clarify and refine the relation between the asymptotic behavior of the colored Jones polynomial and Chern-Simons gauge theory with complex gauge group SL(2,C). The precise comparison requires a careful understanding of some delicate issues, such as normalization of the colored Jones polynomial and the choice of polarization in Chern-Simons theory. Addressing these issues allows us to go beyond the volume conjecture and to verify some predictions for the behavior of the subleading terms in the asymptotic expansion of the colored Jones polynomial.
We show that the set of colored Jones polynomials and the set of generalized Alexander polynomials defined by Akutsu, Deguchi and Ohtsuki intersect non-trivially. Moreover it is shown that the intersection is (at least includes) the set of Kashaev's quantum dilogarithm invariants for links. Therefore Kashaev's conjecture can be restated as follows: The colored Jones polynomials determine the hyperbolic volume for a hyperbolic knot. Modifying this, we propose a stronger conjecture: The colored Jones polynomials determine the simplicial volume for any knot. If our conjecture is true, then we can…
We extend the table of Garoufalidis, Le and Zagier concerning conjectural Rogers-Ramanujan type identities for tails of colored Jones polynomials to all alternating knots up to 10 crossings. We then prove these new identities using q-series techniques.
A braid-like isotopy for links in 3-space is an isotopy which uses only those Reidemeister moves which occur in isotopies of braids. We define a refined Jones polynomial and its corresponding Khovanov homology which are, in general, only invariant under braid-like isotopies.
In this paper we prove that the family of colored Jones polynomials of a knot in $S^3$ determines the family of ADO polynomials of this knot. More precisely, we construct a two variables knot invariant unifying both the ADO and the colored Jones polynomials. On one hand, the first variable $q$ can be evaluated at $2r$ roots of unity with $r \in \Bbb N^*$ and we obtain the ADO polynomial over the Alexander polynomial. On the other hand, the second variable $A$ evaluated at $A=q^n$ gives the colored Jones polynomials. From this, we exhibit a map sending, for any knot, the family of colored Jones…
Coloured Jones and Alexander polynomials are sequences of quantum invariants recovering the Jones and Alexander polynomials at the first terms. We show that they can be seen conceptually in the same manner, using topological tools, as intersection pairings in covering spaces between explicit homology classes given by Lagrangian submanifolds. The main result proves that the $N^{th}$ coloured Jones polynomial and $N^{th}$ coloured Alexander polynomial come as different specialisations of an intersection pairing of the same homology classes over two variables, with extra framing corrections in ea…
A model of random walk on knot diagrams is used to study the Alexander polynomial and the colored Jones polynomial of knots. In this context, the inverse of the Alexander polynomial of a knot plays the role of an Ihara-Selberg zeta function of a directed weighted graph, counting with weights cycles of random walk on a 1-string link whose closure is the knot in question. The colored Jones polynomial then counts with weights families of ``self-avoiding'' cycles of random walk on the cabling of the 1-string link. As a consequence of such interpretations of the Alexander and colored Jones polynomi…
We construct a bicomplex for the categorification of the colored Jones polynomial. This work is motivated by the problem suggested by Anna Beliakova and Stephan Wehrli who discussed the categorification of the colored Jones polynomial in their paper.
Habiro gave principal ideals of Z[q,q^{-1}] in which certain linear combinations of the colored Jones polynomials of algebraically-split links take values. The author proved that the same linear combinations for ribbon links, boundary links and Brunnian links are contained in smaller ideals of Z[q,q^{-1}] generated by several elements. In this paper, we prove that these ideals also are principal, each generated by a product of cyclotomic polynomials.
For a closed n-braid L with a full positive twist and with k negative crossings, 0\leq k \leq n, we determine the first n-k+1 terms of the Jones polynomial V_L(t). We show that V_L(t) satisfies a braid index constraint, which is a gap of length at least n-k between the first two nonzero coefficients of (1-t^2)V_L(t). For a closed positive n-braid with a full positive twist, we extend our results to the colored Jones polynomials. For N>n-1, we determine the first n(N-1)+1 terms of the normalized N-th colored Jones polynomial.
The permanent of a square matrix is defined in a way similar to the determinant, but without using signs. The exact computation of the permanent is hard, but there are Monte-Carlo algorithms that can estimate general permanents. Given a planar diagram of a link L with $n$ crossings, we define a 7n by 7n matrix whose permanent equals to the Jones polynomial of L. This result accompanied with recent work of Freedman, Kitaev, Larson and Wang provides a Monte-Carlo algorithm to any decision problem belonging to the class BQP, i.e. such that it can be computed with bounded error in polynomial time …
We define a q-chromatic function on graphs, list some of its properties and provide some formulas in the class of general chordal graphs. Then we relate the q-chromatic function to the colored Jones function of knots. This leads to a curious expression of the colored Jones function of a knot diagram as a 'defected chromatic operator' applied to a power series whose coefficients are linear combinations of chord diagrams constructed from 'flows' on the reduced knot diagram.
We present a mathematically clean review of our previous results on 1/K expansion of the colored Jones polynomial and on perturbative invariants of 3d rational homology spheres. We also prove that perturbative invariants defined through the stationary phase surgery formula are invariant under Kirby moves.
We formulate a conjecture about the structure of `upper lines' in the expansion of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot in powers of (q-1). The Melvin-Morton conjecture states that the bottom line in this expansion is equal to the inverse Alexander polynomial of the knot. We conjecture that the upper lines are rational functions whose denominators are powers of the Alexander polynomial. We prove this conjecture for torus knots and give experimental evidence that it is also true for other types of knots.
We formulate a conjecture (already proven by A. Kricker) about the structure of Kontsevich integral of a knot. We describe its value in terms of the generating functions for the numbers of external edges attached to closed 3-valent diagrams. We conjecture that these functions are rational functions of the exponentials of their arguments, their denominators being the powers of the Alexander-Conway polynomial. This conjecture implies the existence of an expansion of a colored Jones (HOMFLY) polynomial in powers of q-1 whose coefficients are rational functions of q^color. We show how to derive th…
In this paper we will present a homological model for Coloured Jones Polynomials. For each colour $N \in \mathbb {N}$, we will describe the invariant $J_N(L,q)$ as a graded intersection pairing of certain homology classes in a covering of the configuration space on the punctured disk. This construction is based on the Lawrence representation and a result due to Kohno that relates quantum representations and homological representations of the braid groups.
P. Melvin and H. Morton studied the expansion of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot in powers of q-1 and color. They conjectured an upper bound on the power of color versus the power of q-1. They also conjectured that the bounding line in their expansion generated the inverse Alexander-Conway polynomial. These conjectures were proved by D. Bar-Natan and S. Garoufalidis. We have conjectured that other `lines' in the Melvin-Morton expansion are generated by rational functions with integer coefficients whose denominators are powers of the Alexander-Conway polynomial. Here we prove this conjec…
The working mathematician fears complicated words but loves pictures and diagrams. We thus give a no-fancy-anything picture rich glimpse into Khovanov's novel construction of `the categorification of the Jones polynomial'. For the same low cost we also provide some computations, including one that shows that Khovanov's invariant is strictly stronger than the Jones polynomial and including a table of the values of Khovanov's invariant for all prime knots with up to 11 crossings.
DAHA-Jones polynomials of torus knots $T(r,s)$ are studied systematically for reduced root systems and in the case of $C^\vee C_1$. We prove the polynomiality and evaluation conjectures from the author's previous paper on torus knots and extend the theory by the color exchange and further symmetries. DAHA-Jones polynomials for $C^\vee C_1$ depend on $5$ parameters. Their surprising connection to the DAHA-superpolynomials (type $A$) for the knots $T(2p+1,2)$ is obtained, a remarkable combination of the color exchange conditions and the author's duality conjecture (justified by Gorsky and Negut)…
We provide an elementary introduction to topological quantum computation based on the Jones representation of the braid group. We first cover the Burau representation and Alexander polynomial. Then we discuss the Jones representation and Jones polynomial and their application to anyonic quantum computation. Finally we outline the approximation of the Jones polynomial and explicit localizations of braid group representations.
Trivalent plane graphs are used in various areas of mathematics which relate for instance to the colored Jones polynomial, invariants of 3-manifolds and quantum computation. Their evaluation is based on computations in the Temperley-Lieb algebra and more specifically the Jones-Wenzl projectors. We use the work by Kauffman-Lins to present a quantum combinatorial approach for evaluating a tetrahedral net. On the way we recover two equivalent definitions for the unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind and we provide an equality for the quantized factorial using these numbers.
We express the colored Jones polynomial as the inverse of the quantum determinant of a matrix with entries in the $q$-Weyl algebra of $q$-operators, evaluated at the trivial function (plus simple substitutions). The Kashaev invariant is proved to be equal to another special evaluation of the determinant. We also discuss the similarity between our determinant formula of the Kashaev invariant and the determinant formula of the hyperbolic volume of knot complements, hoping it would lead to a proof of the volume conjecture.
We extend the results of our previous paper from knots to links by using a formula for the Jones polynomial of a link derived recently by N. Reshetikhin. We illustrate this formula by an example of a torus link. A relation between the parameters of Reshetikhin's formula and the multivariable Alexander polynomial is established. We check that our expression for the Alexander polynomial satisfies some of its basic properties. Finally we derive a link surgery formula for the loop corrections to the trivial connection contribution to Witten's invariant of rational homology spheres.
There is a $p$-differential on the triply-graded Khovanov--Rozansky homology of knots and links over a field of positive characteristic $p$ that gives rise to an invariant in the homotopy category finite-dimensional $p$-complexes. A differential on triply-graded homology discovered by Cautis is compatible with the $p$-differential structure. As a consequence we get a categorification of the colored Jones polynomial evaluated at a $2p$th root of unity.
Let $K_{(m,p)}$ denote the family of double twist knots where $2m-1$ and $2p$ are non-zero integers denoting the number of half-twists in each region. Using a result of Takata, we prove a formula for the colored Jones polynomial of $K_{(-m,-p)}$ and $K_{(-m,p)}$. The latter case leads to new families of $q$-hypergeometric series generalizing the Kontsevich-Zagier series. We also use Bailey pairs and formulas of Walsh to find cyclotomic-like expansions for the colored Jones polynomials of $K_{(m,p)}$ and $K_{(m,-p)}$.
The colored Jones polynomial is a knot invariant that plays a central role in low dimensional topology. We give a simple and an efficient algorithm to compute the colored Jones polynomial of any knot. Our algorithm utilizes the walks along a braid model of the colored Jones polynomial that was refined by Armond from the work of Huynh and Lê. The walk model gives rise to ordered words in a $q$-Weyl algebra which we address and study from multiple perspectives. We provide a highly optimized Mathematica implementation that exploits the modern features of the software. We include a performance ana…
Let K in S^3 be a knot, and let \widetilde{K} denote the preimage of K inside its double branched cover, Σ(K). We prove, for each integer n > 1, the existence of a spectral sequence from Khovanov's categorification of the reduced n-colored Jones polynomial of the mirror of K to the knot Floer homology of (Σ(K),\widetilde{K}) (when n odd) and to (S^3, K # K) (when n even). A corollary of our result is that Khovanov's categorification of the reduced n-colored Jones polynomial detects the unknot whenever n>1.
We apply the ideas of Alvarez and Labastida to the invariant of spin networks defined by Witten and Martin based on Chern-Simons theory. We show that it is possible to define ambient invariants of spin networks that (for the case of SU(2)) can be considered as extensions to spin networks of the Jones polynomial. Expansions of the coefficients of the polynomial yield primitive Vassiliev invariants. The resulting invariants are candidates for solutions of the Wheeler--DeWitt equations in the spin network representation of quantum gravity.
In this paper, we propose and discuss implications of a general conjecture that there is a canonical action of a rank 1 double affine Hecke algebra on the Kauffman bracket skein module of the complement of a knot $K \subset S^3$. We prove this in a number of nontrivial cases, including all $(2,2p+1)$ torus knots, the figure eight knot, and all 2-bridge knots (when $q=\pm 1$). As the main application of the conjecture, we construct 3-variable polynomial knot invariants that specialize to the classical colored Jones polynomials introduced by Reshetikhin and Turaev in \cite{RT90}. We also deduce …
We study the asymptotic expansion of the colored Jones polynomial (the Melvin-Morton expansion) using a recursion formula for the deframed universal weight system for the $sl(2)$ Lie algebra. Combined with the formula for the universal weight system for the Lie superalgebra $gl(1|1)$ (which corresponds to the Alexander-Conway knot polynomial) this formula gives a very short proof of the Melvin-Morton conjecture relating the colored Jones invariant and the Alexander-Conway polynomial of knots.
We point out that the strong slope conjecture implies that the degrees of the colored Jones knot polynomials detect the figure eight knot. Furthermore, we propose a characterization of alternating knots in terms of the Jones period and the degree span of the colored Jones polynomial.
We use Feynman diagrams to prove a formula for the Jones polynomial of a link derived recently by N.~Reshetikhin. This formula presents the colored Jones polynomial as an integral over the coadjoint orbits corresponding to the representations assigned to the link components. The large $k$ limit of the integral can be calculated with the help of the stationary phase approximation. The Feynman rules allow us to express the phase in terms of integrals over the manifold and the link components. Its stationary points correspond to flat connections in the link complement. We conjecture a relation be…
