Coloured Jones and Alexander polynomials are sequences of quantum invariants recovering the Jones and Alexander polynomials at the first terms. We show that they can be seen conceptually in the same manner, using topological tools, as intersection pairings in covering spaces between explicit homology classes given by Lagrangian submanifolds. The main result proves that the $N^{th}$ coloured Jones polynomial and $N^{th}$ coloured Alexander polynomial come as different specialisations of an intersection pairing of the same homology classes over two variables, with extra framing corrections in each case. The first corollary explains Bigelow's picture for the Jones polynomial with noodles and forks from the quantum point of view. Secondly, we conclude that the $N^{th}$ coloured Alexander polynomial is a graded intersection pairing in a $ \mathbb Z \oplus \mathbb Z_N$-covering of the configuration space in the punctured disc.
Coloured Alexander polynomials form a sequence of non-semisimple quantum invariants coming from the representation theory of the quantum group $U_q(sl(2))$ at roots of unity. This sequence recovers the original Alexander polynomial as the first term. We give a topological model for this invariants, showing that they can be obtained as graded intersection pairings between homology classes in a covering of the configuration space in the punctured disc.
We use the machinery of categorified Jones-Wenzl projectors to construct a categorification of a type A Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant of oriented framed tangles where each strand is labeled by an arbitrary finite-dimensional representation. As a special case, we obtain a categorification of the coloured Jones polynomial of links.
In this paper we will present a homological model for Coloured Jones Polynomials. For each colour $N \in \mathbb {N}$, we will describe the invariant $J_N(L,q)$ as a graded intersection pairing of certain homology classes in a covering of the configuration space on the punctured disk. This construction is based on the Lawrence representation and a result due to Kohno that relates quantum representations and homological representations of the braid groups.
We extend the state models for Jones and Alexander polynomials of classical links to state models of 2-variable polynomials in the case of singular links. Moreover, we extend both of them to polynomials with d+1 variables for long singular knots with exactly d double points. These extensions can detect non-invertibility of long singular knots.
We establish a relationship between the Jones polynomial of generalized weaving knots of type $W(3,n,m)$ and the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind. Consequently, we prove that the coefficients of the Jones polynomial of weaving knots are basically the Whitney numbers of Lucas lattices. Furthermore, we give an explicit formula for the Alexander polynomial of weaving knots $W(3,n)$ and we prove that it satisfies Fox's trapezoidal conjecture.
The volume conjecture and its generalization state that the series of certain evaluations of the colored Jones polynomials of a knot would grow exponentially and its growth rate would be related to the volume of a three-manifold obtained by Dehn surgery along the knot. In this paper, we show that for the figure-eight knot the series converges in some cases and the limit equals the inverse of its Alexander polynomial.
We consider two Laurent polynomials in two variables associated to a braid, given by {\em graded intersections} between {\em fixed Lagrangians in configuration spaces}. In order to get link invariants, we notice that we have to quotient by a quadratic relation. Then we prove by topological tools that this relation is sufficient and the first graded intersection gives an invariant which is the Jones polynomial. This shows a {\em topological model for the Jones polynomial} and a direct {\em topological proof}\hspace{0.4mm} that it is a well-defined invariant. The other intersection model in the …
In the 1920's Artin defined the braid group in an attempt to understand knots in a more algebraic setting. A braid is a certain arrangement of strings in three-dimensional space. It is a celebrated theorem of Alexander that every knot is obtainable from a braid by identifying the endpoints of each string. Because of this correspondence, the Jones and Alexander polynomials, two of the most important knot invariants, can be described completely using the braid group. There has been a recent growth of interest in other diagrammatic algebras, whose elements have a similar topological flavor to the…
In this paper we show that coloured Jones and coloured Alexander polynomials can both be read off from the same picture provided by two Lagrangians in a symmetric power of a surface. More specifically, the $N^{th}$ coloured Jones and $N^{th}$ coloured Alexander polynomials are specialisations of a graded intersection between two explicit Lagrangian submanifolds in a symmetric power of the punctured disc. The graded intersection is parametrised by the intersection points between these Lagrangians, graded in a specific manner using the diagonals of the symmetric power. As a particular case, we s…
A model of random walk on knot diagrams is used to study the Alexander polynomial and the colored Jones polynomial of knots. In this context, the inverse of the Alexander polynomial of a knot plays the role of an Ihara-Selberg zeta function of a directed weighted graph, counting with weights cycles of random walk on a 1-string link whose closure is the knot in question. The colored Jones polynomial then counts with weights families of ``self-avoiding'' cycles of random walk on the cabling of the 1-string link. As a consequence of such interpretations of the Alexander and colored Jones polynomi…
This paper is a continuation on the 2012 paper on "Cutting Twisted Solid Tori (TSTs)", in which we considered twisted solid torus links (tst links). We generalize the notion of tst links to "surgerized tst links": recall that when performing $Φ^μ(n(τ), d(τ), M)$ on a tst $\langle τ\rangle$ where $M$ is odd, we obtain the tst link, $[Φ^μ(n(τ), d(τ), M)]$ that contains a trivial knot as one of its components. We then perform another operation $Φ^{μ'}(n(τ'), d(τ'), M')$ on that trivial knot to create a new link, which we call a "surgerized tst link" (stst link). If $M'$ is odd, we can repeat the …
In this master thesis, I present a new family of knots in the solid torus called lassos, and their properties. Given a knot $K$ with Alexander polynomial $Δ_K(t)$, I then use these lassos as patterns to construct families of satellite knots that have Alexander polynomial $Δ_K(t^d)$ where $d\in\mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}$. In particular, I prove that if $d\in\{0,1,2,3\}$ these satellite knots have different Jones polynomials. For this purpose, I give rise to a formula for calculating the Jones polynomial of a satellite knot in terms of the Jones polynomials of its pattern and companion.
In this paper we prove a unified model for $U_q(sl(2))$ quantum invariants through intersections of embedded Lagrangians in configuration spaces. More specifically, we construct a {\em state sum of Lagrangian intersections in the configuration space in the punctured disc}, which is a polynomial in three variables. It {\em recovers the coloured Jones polynomial and the coloured Alexander polynomial} through specialisations of coefficients. This formula works for oriented links coloured with the same representation of the quantum group and can be evaluated at roots of unity. As a corollary, the …
X.S. Lin's original definition of twisted Alexander knot polynomial is generalized for arbitrary finitely presented groups. J. Cha's fibering obstruction theorem is generalized. The group of a nontrivial virtual knot shown by L. Kauffman to have trivial Jones polynomial is seen also to have a faithful representation that yields a trivial twisted Alexander polynomial.
Lin and Wang defined a model of random walks on knot diagrams and interprete the Alexnader polynomials and the colored Jones polynomials as Ihara zeta functions, i.e. zeta functions defined by counting cycles on the knot diagram. Using this explanation, they gave a more conceptual proof for the Melvin-Morton conjecture. In this paper, we give an analogous zeta function expression for the twisted Alexander invariants.
The signature function of a knot is a locally constant integer valued function with domain the unit circle. The jumps (i.e., the discontinuities) of the signature function can occur only at the roots of the Alexander polynomial on the unit circle. The latter are important in deforming U(1) representations of knot groups to irreducible SU(2) representations. Under the assumption that these roots are simple, we formulate a conjecture that explicitly computes the jumps of the signature function in terms of the Jones polynomial of a knot and its parallels. As evidence, we prove our conjecture for …
We show that the set of colored Jones polynomials and the set of generalized Alexander polynomials defined by Akutsu, Deguchi and Ohtsuki intersect non-trivially. Moreover it is shown that the intersection is (at least includes) the set of Kashaev's quantum dilogarithm invariants for links. Therefore Kashaev's conjecture can be restated as follows: The colored Jones polynomials determine the hyperbolic volume for a hyperbolic knot. Modifying this, we propose a stronger conjecture: The colored Jones polynomials determine the simplicial volume for any knot. If our conjecture is true, then we can…
We discuss the relation between knot polynomials and the KP hierarchy. Mainly, we study the scaling 1-hook property of the coloured Alexander polynomial: $\mathcal{A}^\mathcal{K}_R(q)=\mathcal{A}^\mathcal{K}_{[1]}(q^{\vert R\vert})$ for all 1-hook Young diagrams $R$. Via the Kontsevich construction, it is reformulated as a system of linear equations. It appears that the solutions of this system induce the KP equations in the Hirota form. The Alexander polynomial is a specialization of the HOMFLY polynomial, and it is a kind of a dual to the double scaling limit, which gives the special polynom…
We study the asymptotic behaviors of the colored Jones polynomials of torus knots. Contrary to the works by R. Kashaev, O. Tirkkonen, Y. Yokota, and the author, they do not seem to give the volumes or the Chern-Simons invariants of the three-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgeries. On the other hand it is proved that in some cases the limits give the inverse of the Alexander polynomial.
We propose an algorithm which allows to derive the generalized Alexander polynomial invariants of knots and links with the help of the q,p-numbers, appearing in bosonic two-parameter quantum algebra. These polynomials turn into HOMFLY ones by applying special parametrization. The Jones polynomials can be also obtained by using this algorithm.
We formulate a conjecture (already proven by A. Kricker) about the structure of Kontsevich integral of a knot. We describe its value in terms of the generating functions for the numbers of external edges attached to closed 3-valent diagrams. We conjecture that these functions are rational functions of the exponentials of their arguments, their denominators being the powers of the Alexander-Conway polynomial. This conjecture implies the existence of an expansion of a colored Jones (HOMFLY) polynomial in powers of q-1 whose coefficients are rational functions of q^color. We show how to derive th…
There are infinitely many pretzel links with the same Alexander polynomial (actually with trivial Alexander polynomial). By contrast, in this note we revisit the Jones polynomial of pretzel links and prove that, given a natural number S, there is only a finite number of pretzel links whose Jones polynomials have span S. More concretely, we provide an algorithm useful for deciding whether or not a given knot is pretzel. As an application we identify all the pretzel knots up to nine crossings, proving in particular that $8_{12}$ is the first non-pretzel knot.
We give a general fixed parameter tractable algorithm to compute quantum invariants of links presented by diagrams, whose complexity is singly exponential in the carving-width (or the tree-width) of the diagram. In particular, we get a $O(N^{\frac{3}{2} \mathrm{cw}} \mathrm{poly}(n))$ time algorithm to compute any Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant---derived from a simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$---of a link presented by a planar diagram with $n$ crossings and carving-width $\mathrm{cw}$, and whose components are coloured with $\mathfrak{g}$-modules of dimension at most $N$. For example, this incl…
In a recent paper, Allen and Swenberg investigated which link polynomials are capable of detecting causality in (2+1)-dimensional globally hyperbolic spacetimes. They ultimately suggested it is likely that the Jones Polynomial accomplishes this, while the Alexander-Conway polynomial, independently, is insufficient. As the Alexander-Conway polynomial on its own is not likely to detect causality an additional piece of information must be supplemented to the link polynomial. This paper aims to examine the ability of Alexander quandles, to distinguish the connected sum of two Hopf links and Allen-…
Recently, it has been shown that the Jones polynomial, in [LS19], and the Alexander polynomial, in [NT18], of rational knots can be obtained by specializing $F$-polynomials of cluster variables. At the core of both results are continued fractions, which parameterize rational knots and are used to obtain cluster variables, by way of snake graphs in the case of [LS19], or ancestral triangles in the case of [NT18]. In this paper, we use path posets, another structure parameterized by continued fractions, to directly generalize [LS19]'s construction to a specialization yielding the HOMFLY polynomi…
The colored Jones function of a knot is a sequence of Laurent polynomials that encodes the Jones polynomial of a knot and its parallels. It has been understood in terms of representations of quantum groups and Witten gave an intrinsic quantum field theory interpretation of the colored Jones function as the expectation value of Wilson loops of a 3-dimensional gauge theory, the Chern-Simons theory. We present the colored Jones function as an evaluation of the inverse of a non-commutative fermionic partition function. This result is in the form familiar in quantum field theory, namely the inverse…
The volume conjecture and its generalizations say that the colored Jones polynomial corresponding to the N-dimensional irreducible representation of sl(2;C) of a (hyperbolic) knot evaluated at exp(c/N) grows exponentially with respect to N if one fixes a complex number c near 2*Pi*I. On the other hand if the absolute value of c is small enough, it converges to the inverse of the Alexander polynomial evaluated at exp(c). In this paper we study cases where it grows polynomially.
Université Clermont-Auvergne（克莱蒙奥弗涅大学）；Institute of Mathematics “Simion Stoilow” of the Romanian Academy（罗马尼亚科学院西蒙·斯托伊洛瓦数学研究所）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）
In this paper we prove that the family of colored Jones polynomials of a knot in $S^3$ determines the family of ADO polynomials of this knot. More precisely, we construct a two variables knot invariant unifying both the ADO and the colored Jones polynomials. On one hand, the first variable $q$ can be evaluated at $2r$ roots of unity with $r \in \Bbb N^*$ and we obtain the ADO polynomial over the Alexander polynomial. On the other hand, the second variable $A$ evaluated at $A=q^n$ gives the colored Jones polynomials. From this, we exhibit a map sending, for any knot, the family of colored Jones…
We construct a 2-variable link polynomial, called $W_L$, for classical links by considering simultaneously the Kauffman state models for the Alexander and for the Jones polynomials. We conjecture that this polynomial is the product of two 1-variable polynomials, one of which is the Alexander polynomial. We refine $W_L$ to an ordered set of 3-variable polynomials for those links in 3-space which contain a Hopf link as a sublink.
Turning the skein relation for HOMFLY into a Fibonacci recurrence, we prove that there are only three rational specializations of HOMFLY polynomial: Alexander-Conway, Jones, and a new one. Using the recurrence relation, we find general and relative expansion formulae and rational generating functions for Alexander-Conway polynomial and the new polynomial, which reduce the computations to closure of simple braids, a subset of square free braids; HOMFLY polynomials of these simple braids are also computed. Algebraic independence of these three polynomials is proved.
Using the recent Gauss diagram formulas for Vassiliev invariants of Polyak-Viro-Fiedler and combining these formulas with the Bennequin inequality, we prove several inequalities for positive knots relating their Vassiliev invariants, genus and degrees of the Jones polynomial. As a consequence, we prove that for any of the polynomials of Alexander/Conway, Jones, HOMFLY, Brandt-Lickorish-Millett-Ho and Kauffman there are only finitely many positive knots with the same polynomial and no positive knot with trivial polynomial. We also discuss an extension of the Bennequin inequality, showing that t…
Motivated by the study of ribbon knots we explore symmetric unions, a beautiful construction introduced by Kinoshita and Terasaka in 1957. For symmetric diagrams we develop a two-variable refinement $W_D(s,t)$ of the Jones polynomial that is invariant under symmetric Reidemeister moves. Here the two variables $s$ and $t$ are associated to the two types of crossings, respectively on and off the symmetry axis. From sample calculations we deduce that a ribbon knot can have essentially distinct symmetric union presentations even if the partial knots are the same. If $D$ is a symmetric union diagra…
It is known that the minimal degree of the Jones polynomial of a positive knot is equal to its genus, and the minimal coefficient is 1. We extend this result to almost positive links and partly identify the 3 following coefficients for special types of positive links. We also give counterexamples to the Jones polynomial-ribbon genus conjectures for a quasipositive knot. Then we show that the Alexander polynomial completely detects the minimal genus and fiber property of canonical Seifert surfaces associated to almost positive (and almost alternating) link diagrams.
We re-build the quantum sl2 unified invariant of knots $F_{\infty}$ from braid groups' action on tensors of Verma modules. It is a two variables series having the particularity of interpolating both families of colored Jones polynomials and ADO polynomials, i.e. semi-simple and non semi-simple invariants of knots constructed from quantum sl2. We prove this last fact in our context which re-proves (a generalization of) the famous Melvin-Morton-Rozansky conjecture first proved by Bar-Natan and Garoufalidis. We find a symmetry of $F_{\infty}$ nicely generalizing the well known one of the Alexande…
It is well-known:Suppose there are three 1-dimensional links $K_+$, $K_-$, $K_0$ such that $K_+$, $K_-$, and $K_0$ coincide out of a 3-ball $B$ trivially embedded in $S^3$ and that $K_+\cap B$, $K_-\cap B$, and $K_0\cap B$ are drawn as follows. Then $Δ_{K_+}-Δ_{K_+}=(t-1)\cdotΔ_{K_0}$, where $Δ_{K}$ is the Alexander polynomial of $K$. We know similar formulae of other invariants of 1-dimensional knots and links. (The Jones polynomial etc.) It is natural to ask: Suppose there are two $n$-dimensional knots $K_+$, $K_-$ and a submanifold $K_0$ such that $K_+$, $K_-$, and $K_0$ coincide out of a $…
The definition of the Jones polynomial in the 80's gave rise to a large family of so-called quantum link invariants, based on quantum groups. These quantum invariants are all controlled by the same two-variable invariant (the HOMFLY-PT polynomial), which also specializes to the older Alexander polynomial. Building upon quantum Schur--Weyl duality and variants of this phenomenon, I will explain an algebraic setup that allows for global definitions of these quantum polynomials, and discuss extensions of these quantum objects designed to encompass all of the mentioned invariants, including the HO…
The motivation for this work was to construct a nontrivial knot with trivial Jones polynomial. Although that open problem has not yielded, the methods are useful for other problems in the theory of knot polynomials. The subject of the present paper is a generalization of Conway's mutation of knots and links. Instead of flipping a 2-strand tangle, one flips a many-string tangle to produce a generalized mutant. In the presence of rotational symmetry in that tangle, the result is called a "rotant". We show that if a rotant is sufficiently simple, then its Jones polynomial agrees with that of the …
In an earlier paper the first author defined a non-commutative A-polynomial for knots in 3-space, using the colored Jones function. The idea is that the colored Jones function of a knot satisfies a non-trivial linear q-difference equation. Said differently, the colored Jones function of a knot is annihilated by a non-zero ideal of the Weyl algebra which is generalted (after localization) by the non-commutative A-polynomial of a knot. In that paper, it was conjectured that this polynomial (which has to do with representations of the quantum group U_q(SL_2)) specializes at q=1 to the better know…
In this paper, we study the quantum $\mathfrak{sl}(n)$ representation category using the web space. Specially, we extend $\mathfrak{sl}(n)$ web space for $n\ge 4$ as generalized Temperley-Lieb algebras. As an application of our study, we find that the HOMFLY polynomial $P_n(q)$ specialized to a one variable polynomial can be computed by a linear expansion with respect to a presentation of the quantum representation category of $\mathfrak{sl}(n)$. Moreover, we correct the false conjecture \cite{PS:superiod} given by Chbili, which addresses the relation between some link polynomials of a periodi…
$R$-coloured knot polynomials for $m$-strand torus knots $Torus_{[m,n]}$ are described by the Rosso-Jones formula, which is an example of evolution in $n$ with Lyapunov exponents, labelled by Young diagrams from $R^{\otimes m}$. This means that they satisfy a finite-difference equation (recursion) of finite degree. For the gauge group $SL(N)$ only diagrams with no more than $N$ lines can contribute and the recursion degree is reduced. We claim that these properties (evolution/recursion and reduction) persist for Khovanov-Rozansky (KR) polynomials, obtained by additional factorization modulo $1…
