It's well known that the functional Hilbert space over the unit ball in $B_{d} \in C^d$, with kernel function $K(z,w)=\frac{1}{1-z_{1}w_{1}-... -z_{d}w_{d}}$, admits a natural $A(B_{d})$-module structure. We show the rank of a nonzero submodule is infinity if and only if the submodule is of infinite codimension. Together with Arveson's dilation theory, our result shows that Hilbert modules stand in stark contrast with Hilbert basis theorem for algebraic modules. This result answers a question of Arveson.
With every Eo-semigroup (acting on the algebra of of bounded operators on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space) there is an associated Arveson system. One of the most important results about Arveson systems is that every Arveson system is the one associated with an Eo-semigroup. In these notes we give a new proof of this result that is considerably simpler than the existing ones and allows for a generalization to product systems of Hilbert module (to be published elsewhere).
A subproduct system of two-dimensional Hilbert spaces can generate an Arveson system of type I1 only. All possible cases are classified up to isomorphism. This work is triggered by a question of Bhat: can a subproduct system of n-dimensional Hilbert spaces generate an Arveson system of type II or III? The question is still open for n=3,4,...
The theory of product systems both of Hilbert spaces (Arveson systems) and product systems of Hilbert modules has reached a status where it seems appropriate to rest a moment and to have a look at what is known so far and what are open problems. However, the attempt to give an approximately complete account in view pages is destined to fail already for Arveson systems since Tsirelson, Powers and Liebscher have discovered their powerful methods to construct large classes of examples. In this survey we concentrate on that part of the theory that works also for Hilbert modules. This does not only…
We show that every (continuous) faithful product system admits a (continuous) faithful nondegenerate representation. For Hilbert spaces this is equivalent to Arveson's result that every Arveson system comes from an E_0-semigroup. We point out that for Hilbert modules this is not so. As applications we show a C*-algebra version of a result for von Neumann algebras due to Arveson and Kishimoto, and a result about existence of elementary dilations for (semi-)faithful CP-semigroups.
We characterize the Carleson measures for the Drury-Arveson Hardy space and other Hilbert spaces of analytic functions of several complex variables. This provides sharp estimates for Drury's generalization of Von Neumann's inequality. The characterization is in terms of a geometric condition, the "split tree condition", which reflects the nonisotropic geometry underlying the Drury-Arveson Hardy space.
We study the geometry in the perturbations of principal submodules in the Drury-Arveson space. We show that the perturbations give rise to smooth vector bundles of Hilbert spaces which are equipped with natural Hermitian connections. We compute the associated parallel transport operators and explore properties of the monodromy.
We discuss the relation between questions regarding the essential normality of finitely generated essentially spherical isometries and some results and conjectures of Arveson and Guo-Wang on the closure of homogeneous ideals in the m-shift space. We establish a general results for the case of two tuples and ideals with one dimensional zero variety. Further, we show how to reduce the analogous question for quasi-homogeneous ideals, to those results for homogeneous ones. Finally, we show that the essential reductivity of positive regular Hilbert modules is directly related to a generalization of…
Many Hilbert modules over the polynomial ring in m variables are essentially reductive, that is, have commutators which are compact. Arveson has raised the question of whether the closure of homogeneous ideals inherit this property and provided motivation to seek an affirmative answer. Positive results have been obtained by Arveson, Guo, Wang and the author. More recently, Guo and Wang extended the results to quasi-homogeneous ideals in two variables. Building on their techniques, in this note the author extends this result to Hilbert modules over certain Reinhardt domains such as ellipsoids i…
We review some of our results from the theory of product systems of Hilbert modules. We explain that the product systems obtained from a CP-semigroup in a paper by Bhat and Skeide and in a paper by Muhly and Solel are commutants of each other. Then we use this new commutant technique to construct product systems from E_0-semigroups on B^a(E) where E is a strongly full von Neumann module. (This improves the construction from a paper by Skeide for Hilbert modules where existence of a unit vector is required.) Finally, we point out that the Arveson system of a CP-semigroup constructed by Powers f…
We introduce the notion of additive units, or `addits', of a pointed Arveson system, and demonstrate their usefulness through several applications. By a pointed Arveson system we mean a spatial Arveson system with a fixed normalised reference unit. We show that the addits form a Hilbert space whose codimension-one subspace of `roots' is isomorphic to the index space of the Arveson system, and that the addits generate the type I part of the Arveson system. Consequently the isomorphism class of the Hilbert space of addits is independent of the reference unit. The addits of a pointed inclusion sy…
Multipliers of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces can be characterized in terms of positivity of $n \times n$ matrices analogous to the classical Pick matrix. We study for which reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces it suffices to consider matrices of bounded size $n$. We connect this problem to the notion of subhomogeneity of non-selfadjoint operator algebras. Our main results show that multiplier algebras of many Hilbert spaces of analytic functions, such as the Dirichlet space and the Drury-Arveson space, are not subhomogeneous, and hence one has to test Pick matrices of arbitrarily large matrix…
We consider a class of C*-algebras associated to one parameter continuous tensor product systems of Hilbert modules, which can be viewed as continuous counterparts of Pimsner's Toeplitz algebras. By exhibiting a homotopy of quasihomomorphisms, we prove that those algebras are $K$-contractible. One special case is closely related to the Rieffel-Wiener-Hopf extension of a crossed product by R considered by Rieffel and by Pimsner and Voiculescu, and can be used to produce a new proof of Connes' analogue of the Thom isomorphism and in particular of Bott periodicity. Another special case is closely…
This note studies Arveson's curvature invariant for d-contractions specialized to the case d=1 of a single contraction operator on a Hilbert space. It establishes a formula which gives an easy-to-understand meaning for the curvature of a single contraction. The formula is applied to give an example of an operator with nonintegral curvature. Under the additional hypothesis that the contraction T be "pure", we show that its curvature K(T) is given by K(T) = - index(T) := -(dim ker T - dim coker T).
This paper concerns Fredholm theory in several variables, and its applications to Hilbert spaces of analytic functions. One feature is the introduction of ideas from commutative algebra to operator theory. Specifically, we introduce a method to calculate the Fredholm index of a pair of commuting operators. To achieve this, we define and study the Hilbert space analogs of Samuel multiplicities in commutative algebra. Then the theory is applied to the symmetric Fock space. In particular, our results imply a satisfactory answer to Arveson's program on developing a Fredholm theory for pure $d$-con…
A generalization of classical determinant inequalities like Hadamard's inequality and Fischer's inequality is studied. For a version of the inequalities originally proved by Arveson for positive operators in von Neumann algebras with a tracial state, we give a different proof. We also improve and generalize to the setting of finite von Neumann algebras, some `Fischer-type' inequalities by Matic for determinants of perturbed positive-definite matrices. In the process, a conceptual framework is established for viewing these inequalities as manifestations of Jensen's inequality in conjunction wit…
We describe three methods to determine the structure of (sufficiently continuous) representations of the algebra B^a(E) of all adjointable operators on a Hilbert B-module E by operators on a Hilbert C-module. While the last and latest proof is simple and direct and new even for normal representations of B(H) (H some Hilbert space), the other ones are direct generalizations of the representation theory of B(H) (based on Arveson's and on Bhat's approaches to product systems of Hilbert spaces) and depend on technical conditions (for instance, existence of a unit vector or restriction to von Neuma…
Consider a Hilbert space obtained as the completion of the polynomials C[z} in m-variables for which the mnonomials are orthogonal. If the commuting weighted shifts defined by the coordinate functions are essentially normal, then the same is true for their restrictions to invariant subspaces spanned by monomials. This generalizes the result of Arveson [4] in which the Hilbert space is the m-shift Hardy space H_m^2. He establishes his result for the case of finite multiplicity and shows the self-commutators lie in the Schatten p-class for p > m. We establish our result at the same level of gene…
This paper concerns a commutant lifting theorem and a Nevanlinna-Pick type interpolation result in the setting of multipliers from vector-valued Drury-Arveson space to a large class of vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces over the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$. The special case of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces includes all natural examples of Hilbert spaces like Hardy space, Bergman space and weighted Bergman spaces over the unit ball.
In this paper, we characterize a class of additive maps on Hilbert $C^\ast$-modules which maps a "rank one" adjointable operators to another rank one operators.
In this note we prove that the set of all uniformly continuous units on a product system over a C* algebra B can be endowed with the structure of left right B - B Hilbert module after identifying similar units by the suitable equivalence relation. We use this construction to define the index of the initial product system, and prove that it is the generalization of earlier defined indices by Arveson (in the case B=C) and Skeide (in the case of spatial product system). We prove that such defined index is a covariant functor from the category od continuous product systems to the category of B bim…
We establish the essential normality of a large new class of homogeneous submodules of the finite rank d-shift Hilbert module. The main idea is a notion of essential decomposability that determines when an arbitrary submodule can be decomposed into the sum of essentially normal submodules. We prove that every essentially decomposable submodule is essentially normal, and using ideas from convex geometry, we introduce methods for establishing that a submodule is essentially decomposable. It turns out that many homogeneous submodules of the finite rank d-shift Hilbert module have this property. W…
We continue the investigation of the isomorphism problem for multiplier algebras of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces with the complete Nevanlinna-Pick property. In contrast to previous work in this area, we do not study these spaces by identifying them with restrictions of a universal space, namely the Drury-Arveson space. Instead, we work directly with the Hilbert spaces and their reproducing kernels. In particular, we show that two multiplier algebras of Nevanlinna-Pick spaces on the same set are equal if and only if the Hilbert spaces are equal. Most of the article is devoted to the study …
The objective of this paper is to study wandering subspaces for commuting tuples of bounded operators on Hilbert spaces. It is shown that, for a large class of analytic functional Hilbert spaces $\mathcal{H}_K$ on the unit ball in $\mathbb C^n$, wandering subspaces for restrictions of the multiplication tuple $M_z = (M_{z_1}, \ldots ,M_{z_n})$ can be described in terms of suitable $\mathcal{H}_K$-inner functions. We prove that $\mathcal{H}_K$-inner functions are contractive multipliers and deduce a result on the multiplier norm of quasi-homogenous polynomials as an application. Along the way w…
This paper is a follow-up contribution to our work [20] where we discussed some invariant subspace results for contractions on Hilbert spaces. Here we extend the results of [20] to the context of n-tuples of bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces. Let T = (T_1, \ldots, T_n) be a pure commuting co-spherically contractive n-tuple of operators on a Hilbert space \mathcal{H} and \mathcal{S} be a non-trivial closed subspace of \mathcal{H}. One of our main results states that: \mathcal{S} is a joint T-invariant subspace if and only if there exists a partially isometric operator Π\in \mathcal{B}(…
A contraction $T$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ is said to be pure if the sequence $\lbrace T^{*n} \rbrace_{n}$ converges to $0$ in the strong operator topology. In this article, we prove that for contractions $T$, which commute with certain tractable tuples of commuting operators $X = (X_1,\ldots,X_n)$ on $\mathcal{H}$, the following statements are equivalent: (i) $T$ is a pure contraction on $\mathcal{H}$, (ii) the compression $P_{\mathcal{W}(X)}T|_{\mathcal{W}(X)}$ is a pure contraction, where $\mathcal{W}(X)$ is the wandering subspace corresponding to the tuple $X$. An operator-valued m…
We show that, when $A$ is a separable C*-algebra, every countably generated Hilbert $A$-module is projective (with bounded module maps as morphisms). We also study the approximate extensions of bounded module maps. In the case that $A$ is a $σ$-unital simple C*-algebra with strict comparison and every strictly positive lower semicontinuous affine function on quasitraces can be realized as the rank of an element in Cuntz semigroup, we show that the Cuntz semigroup is the same as unitarily equivalent class of countably generated Hilbert $A$-modules if and only if $A$ has stable rank one.
Let H^2_m be the Drury-Arveson (DA) module which is the reproducing kernel Hilbert space with the kernel function (z, w) \in B^m \times B^m \raro (1 - <z,w>)^{-1}. We investigate for which multipliers θ: \mathbb{B}^m \raro \cll(\cle, \cle_*) the quotient module \clh_θ is similar to H^2_m \otimes \clf for some Hilbert space \clf, where M_θ is the corresponding multiplication operator in \cll(H^2_m \otimes \cle, H^2_m \otimes \cle_*) for Hilbert spaces \cle and \cle_* and \clh_θ is the quotient module (H^2_m \otimes \cle_*)/ {clos} [M_θ(H^2_m \otimes \cle)]. We show that a necessary condition is…
We prove equality between the Topological Stable Rank and the Bass Stable Rank for finitely generated projective left modules over a unital C*-algebra. In order to do so, the concept of Stable Rank of a Hilbert module is introduced.
Let $A$ be a simple C*-algebra of stable rank one and let $p$ and $q$ be two $σ$-compact open projections. It is proved that there is a continuous path of unitaries in ${\tilde A}$ which connects open sub-projections of $p$ which is compactly contained in $p$ to those in $q.$ It is also shown that every Hilbert module is projective in the category whose morphisms are bounded module maps with adjoints. A discussion of projective Hilbert modules (whose morphisms are bounded module maps) is also given.
It is known that the classical Hilbert--Schmidt theorem can be generalized to the case of compact operators in Hilbert $A$-modules $H_A^*$ over a $W^*$-algebra of finite type, i.e. compact operators in $H_A^*$ under slight restrictions can be diagonalized over $A$. We show that if $B$ is a weakly dense $C^*$-subalgebra of real rank zero in $A$ with some additional property then the natural extension of a compact operator from $H_B$ to $H_A^*\supset H_B$ can be diagonalized with diagonal entries being from the $C^*$-algebra $B$.
Theory of extensions of Hilbert C*-modules was developed by D. Bakic and B. Guljas. An easy observation shows that in the case, when the underlying C*-algebra extension is commutative and the Hilbert C*-modules are projective of finite type, the algebraic properties of the corresponding Busby invariant allow to identify extensions with isometric maps of the corresponding vector bundles. When the Hilbert C*-modules are free of rank one, we evaluate the set of extensions in topological terms.
Let $A$ be a $C^*$-algebra. Let $E$ and $F$ be Hilbert $A$-modules with $E$ being full. Suppose that $θ: E\to F$ is a linear map preserving orthogonality, i.e., $<θ(x), θ(y) > = 0$ whenever $<x, y > = 0$. We show in this article that if, in addition, $A$ has real rank zero, and $θ$ is an $A$-module map (not assumed to be bounded), then there exists a central positive multiplier $u\in M(A)$ such that $<θ(x), θ(y) > = u < x, y>$ ($x,y\in E$). In the case when $A$ is a standard $C^*$-algebra, or when $A$ is a $W^*$-algebra containing no finite type II direct summand, we also obtain the same concl…
The purpose of this paper is to initiate a new attack on Arveson's resistant conjecture, that all graded submodules of the $d$-shift Hilbert module $H^2$ are essentially normal. We introduce the stable division property for modules (and ideals): a normed module $M$ over the ring of polynomials in $d$ variables has the stable division property if it has a generating set $\{f_1, ..., f_k\}$ such that every $h \in M$ can be written as $h = \sum_i a_i f_i$ for some polynomials $a_i$ such that $\sum \|a_i f_i\| \leq C\|h\|$. We show that certain classes of modules have this property, and that the s…
We consider contractive homomorphisms of a planar algebra ${\mathcal A}(Ω)$ over a finitely connected bounded domain $Ω\subseteq \C$ and ask if they are necessarily completely contractive. We show that a homomorphism $ρ:{\mathcal A}(Ω) \to {\mathcal B}(\mathcal H)$ for which $\dim({\mathcal A}(Ω)/\ker ρ) = 2$ is the direct integral of homomorphisms $ρ_T$ induced by operators on two dimensional Hilbert spaces via a suitable functional calculus $ρ_T: f \mapsto f(T), f\in {\mathcal A}(Ω)$. It is well-known that contractive homomorphisms $ρ_T$, induced by a linear transformation $T:\C^2 \to \C^2$ …
For each isometry $V$ acting on some Hilbert space and a pair of vectors $f$ and $g$ in the same Hilbert space, we associate a nonnegative number $c(V;f,g)$ defined by \[ c(V; f,g) = (\|f\|^2 - \|V^*f\|^2) \|g\|^2 + |1 + \langle V^*f , g\rangle|^2. \] We prove that the rank-one perturbation $V + f \otimes g$ is left-invertible if and only if \[ c(V;f,g) \neq 0. \] We also consider examples of rank-one perturbations of isometries that are shift on some Hilbert space of analytic functions. Here, shift refers to the operator of multiplication by the coordinate function $z$. Finally, we examine $D…
Motivated by Ball, Li, Timotin and Trent's Schur-Agler class version of commutant lifting theorem, we introduce a class, denoted by $\mathcal{P}_n(\mathcal{H})$, of $n$-tuples of commuting contractions on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. We always assume that $n \geq 3$. The importance of this class of $n$-tuples stems from the fact that the von Neumann inequality or the existence of isometric dilation does not hold in general for $n$-tuples, $n \geq 3$, of commuting contractions on Hilbert spaces (even in the level of finite dimensional Hilbert spaces). Under some rank-finiteness assumptions, w…
C*-endomorphisms arising from superselection structures with non-trivial centre define a 'rank' and a 'first Chern class'. Crossed products by such endomorphisms involve the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of a vector bundle having the above-mentioned rank and first Chern class, and can be used to construct a duality for abstract (nonsymmetric) tensor categories vs. group bundles acting on (nonsymmetric) Hilbert bimodules. Existence and unicity of the dual object (i.e., the 'gauge' group bundle) are not ensured: we give a description of this phenomenon in terms of a certain moduli space associated with …
