Let R be a countable, principal ideal domain which is not a field and A be a countable R-algebra which is free as an R-module. Then we will construct an aleph_1-free R-module G of rank aleph_1 with endomorphism algebra End_RG=A . Clearly the result does not hold for fields. Recall that an R-module is aleph_1-free if all its countable submodules are free, a condition closely related to Pontryagin's theorem. This result has many consequences, depending on the algebra A in use. For instance, if we choose A=R, then clearly G is an indecomposable `almost free' module. The existence of such modules was unknown for rings with only finitely many primes like R=Z_{(p)}, the integers localized at some prime p. The result complements a classical realization theorem of Corner's showing that any such algebra is an endomorphism algebra of some torsion-free, reduced R-module G of countable rank. Its proof is based on new combinatorial-algebraic techniques related with what we call rigid tree-elements coming from a module generated over a forest of trees.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. We compute the vertices of all indecomposable $kD_8$-modules for the dihedral group $D_8$ of order 8. We also give a conjectural formula of the induced module of a string module from $kT_0$ to $kG$ where $G$ is a dihedral group of order $\geq 8$ and where $T_0$ is a dihedral subgroup of index 2 of $G$. Some cases where we verified this formula are given.
We study quadratic forms on free modules with unique base, the situation that arises in tropical algebra, and prove the analog of Witt's Cancellation Theorem. Also, the tensor product of an indecomposable bilinear module $(U, γ)$ with an indecomposable quadratic module $(V,q) $ is indecomposable, with the exception of one case, where two indecomposable components arise.
We give a result of Auslander-Ringel-Tachikawa type for Gorenstein-projective modules over a complete Gorenstein order. In particular, we prove that a complete Gorenstein order is of finite Cohen-Macaulay representation type if and only if every indecomposable pure-injective object in the stable category of Gorenstein-projective modules is compact.
For modules over a finite-dimensional algebra, there is a canonical one-to-one correspondence between the projective indecomposable modules and the simple modules. In this purely expository note, we take a straight-line path from the definitions to this correspondence. The proof is self-contained.
Suppose that $Q$ is a connected quiver without oriented cycles and $σ$ is an automorphism of $Q$. Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field whose characteristic does not divide the order of the cyclic group $\langleσ\rangle$. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between indecomposable $kQ$-modules and indecomposable $kQ\#k\langleσ\rangle$-modules. It has been shown by Hubery that any $kQ\#k\langleσ\rangle$-module is an isomorphically invariant $kQ$-module, i.e., ii-module (in this paper, we call it $\langleσ\rangle$-equivalent $kQ$-module), and conversely any $\langleσ\rangl…
We give a construction of the projective indecomposable modules and a description of the quiver for a large class of monoid algebras including the algebra of any finite monoid whose principal right ideals have at most one idempotent generator. Our results include essentially all families of finite monoids for which this has been done previously, for example, left regular bands, $\mathscr J$-trivial and $\mathscr R$-trivial monoids and left regular bands of groups.
It is proved that a commutative ring is clean if and only if it is Gelfand with a totally disconnected maximal spectrum. Commutative rings for which each indecomposable module has a local endomorphism ring are studied. These rings are clean and elementary divisor rings.
This is the addendum to the paper "On the Multiplicity Problem and the Isomorphism Problem for the Four Subspace Algebra" Communications in Algebra, 40:6 (2012), 2005-2036 (DOI: 10.1080/00927872.2011.570830). We give here the full proof of Proposition 3.3, describing the formulas for the dimensions of the homomorphism spaces to indecomposable modules over the four subspace algebra Λ. The reader can also find here the full description of indecomposable Λ-modules.
We categorify Verma and indecomposable projective modules in the category $\mathcal I_{\mathfrak{g}}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ for $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ using a tensor product decomposition theorem of T. J. Enright and work of J. Chuang and R. Rouquier, A. Licata and A. Savage (Hecke algebras, finite general linear groups, and Heisenberg categorification) and M. Khovanov (Heisenberg algebra and a graphical calculus).
In this paper we study indecomposable rank 2 modules in the Grassmannian cluster category ${\rm CM}(B_{5,10})$. This is the smallest wild case containing modules whose profile layers are $5$-interlacing. We construct all rank 2 indecomposable modules with filtration $\{i,i+2,i+4,i+6,i+8\}\mid \{i+1,i+3,i+5,i+7,i+9\}$, classify them up to isomorphism, and parameterize all infinite families of non-isomorphic rank 2 modules.
It is shown that for the restricted Zassenhaus algebra $\mathfrak{W}=\mathfrak{W}(1,n)$, $n>1$, defined over an algebraically closed field $\mathbb{F}$ of characteristic 2 any projective indecomposable restricted $\mathfrak{W}$-module has maximal possible dimension $2^{2^n-1}$, and thus is isomorphic to some induced module $\mathrm{ind}^{\mathfrak{W}}_{\mathfrak{t}}(\mathbb{F}(μ))$ for some torus of maximal dimension $\mathfrak{t}$. This phenomenon is in contrast to the behavior of finite-dimensional simple restricted Lie algebras in characteristic $p>3$.
The category ${\rm CM}(B_{k,n}) $ of Cohen-Macaulay modules over a quotient $B_{k,n}$ of a preprojective algebra provides a categorification of the cluster algebra structure on the coordinate ring of the Grassmannian variety of $k$-dimensional subspaces in $\mathbb C^n$, \cite{JKS16}. Among the indecomposable modules in this category are the rank $1$ modules which are in bijection with $k$-subsets of $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$, and their explicit construction has been given by Jensen, King and Su. These are the building blocks of the category as any module in ${\rm CM}(B_{k,n}) $ can be filtered by the…
A module is called automorphism-invariant if it is invariant under any automorphism of its injective hull. In [Algebras for which every indecomposable right module is invariant in its injective envelope, Pacific J. Math., vol. 31, no. 3 (1969), 655-658] Dickson and Fuller had shown that if $R$ is a finite-dimensional algebra over a field $\mathbb F$ with more than two elements then an indecomposable automorphism-invariant right $R$-module must be quasi-injective. In this paper we show that this result fails to hold if $\mathbb F$ is a field with two elements. Dickson and Fuller had further sho…
Bongartz and Ringel proved that there is no gaps in the sequence of lengths of indecomposable modules for the finite-dimensional algebras over algebraically closed fields. The present paper mainly study this "no gaps" theorem for the bounded derived module category $D^b(A)$ of a gentle algebra $A$: if there is an indecomposable object in $D^b(A)$ of cohomological length $l>1$, then there exists an indecomposable with cohomological length $l-1$.
Dimensions like Gelfand, Krull, Goldie have an intrinsic role in the study of theory of rings and modules. They provide useful technical tools for studying their structure. In this paper we define one of the dimensions called couniserial dimension that measures how close a ring or module is to being uniform. Despite their different objectives, it turns out that there are certain common properties between the couniserial dimension and Krull dimension like each module having such a dimension contains a uniform submodule and has finite uniform dimension, among others. Like all dimensions, this is…
We describe the modules in the Ziegler closure of ray and coray tubes in module categories over finite-dimensional algebras. We improve slightly on Krause's result for stable tubes by showing that the inverse limit along a coray in a ray or coray tube is indecomposable, so in particular, the inverse limit along a coray in a stable tube is indecomposable. In order to do all this, we first describe the finitely presented modules over and the Ziegler spectra of iterated one-point extensions of valuation domains. Finally we give a sufficient condition for the $k$-dual of a $Σ$-pure-injective modul…
Assume $A$ is weakly symmetric, indecomposable, with radical cube zero and radical square non-zero. We show that such algebra of wild representation type does not have a non-projective module $M$ whose ext algebra is finite-dimensional. This gives a complete classification weakly symmetric indecomposable algebras which have a non-projective module whose ext algebra is finite-dimensional.
Slicing a module into semisimple ones is useful to study modules. Loewy structures provide a means of doing so. To establish the Loewy structures of projective modules over a finite dimensional symmetric algebra over a field $F$, the Landrock lemma is a primary tool. The lemma and its corollary relate radical layers of projective indecomposable modules to radical layers of the $F$-duals of those modules ("dual symmetry") and to socle layers of those modules ("reciprocity"). We generalize these results to an arbitrary finite dimensional algebra $A$. Our main theorem, which is the same as the La…
We give an example of a cluster-tilted algebra A with quiver Q, such that the associated cluster algebra has a denominator vector which is not the dimension vector of any indecomposable A-module. This answers a question posed by T. Nakanishi. The relevant example is a cluster-tilted algebra associated with a tame hereditary algebra. We show that for such a cluster-tilted algebra A, we can write any denominator vector as a sum of the dimension vectors of at most three indecomposable rigid A-modules. In order to do this it is necessary, and of independent interest, to first classify the indecomp…
For a module-finite algebra over a commutative noetherian ring, we give a complete description of flat cotorsion modules in terms of prime ideals of the algebra, as a generalization of Enochs' result for a commutative noetherian ring. As a consequence, we show that pointwise Matlis duality gives a bijective correspondence between the isoclasses of indecomposable injective left modules and the isoclasses of indecomposable flat cotorsion right modules. This correspondence is an explicit realization of Herzog's homeomorphism induced from elementary duality of Ziegler spectra.
We study the structure of the $0$-Schur algebra $S_0(n, r)$ following the geometric construction of $S_0(n, r)$ by Jensen and Su \cite{JS}. The main results are the construction and classification of indecomposable projective modules. In addition, we construct bases of these modules and their homomorphism spaces. We also give a filtration of projective modules, which leads to a decomposition of $S_0(n,r)$ into indecomposable left modules.
The centralizer algebra of a matrix consists of those matrices that commute with it. We investigate the basic representation-theoretic invariants of centralizer algebras, namely their radicals, projective indecomposable modules, injective indecomposable modules, simple modules and Cartan matrices. With the help of our Cartan matrix calculations we determine their global dimensions. Many of these algebras are of infinite global dimension.
The aim of the paper is to classify the indecomposable modules and describe the Auslander--Reiten sequences for admissible algebras with formal two-ray modules.
Let $A$ be a finite-dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field $\Bbbk$. For any finite-dimensional $A$-module $M$ we give a general formula that computes the indecomposable decomposition of $M$ without decomposing it, for which we use the knowledge of AR-quivers that are already computed in many cases. The proof of the formula here is much simpler than that in a prior literature by Dowbor and Mróz. As an example we apply this formula to the Kronecker algebra $A$ and give an explicit formula to compute the indecomposable decomposition of $M$, which enables us to make a computer prog…
The link relation on simple subcoalgebras is used for decompositions of coalgebras. In this paper, we provide more sufficient conditions for this link relation, and prove a formula on the products between link-indecomposable components of Hopf algebras with the dual Chevalley property. Furthermore, we show that each of its component is generated by a simple subcoalgebra, as a faithfully flat module (in fact, a projective generator) over a Hopf subalgebra which is the component containing the unit element. Our conclusions generalize some relevant results on pointed Hopf algebras, which were est…
We investigate weight modules for finite and infinite Weyl algebras, classifying all such simple modules. We also study the representation type of the blocks of locally-finite weight module categories and describe indecomposable modules in tame blocks.
Let $Q$ be a finite type quiver i.e. ADE Dynkin quiver. Denote by $Λ$ its preprojective algebra. It is known that there are finitely many indecomposable $Λ$-modules if and only if $Q$ is of type $A_1,A_2,A_3,A_4$. In this paper, extending Lusztig's construction of $U\frak{n}_+$, we study an algebra generated by these indecomposable submodules. It turns out that it forms the universal enveloping algebra of some nilpotent Lie algebra inside the function algebra on Lusztig's nilpotent scheme. The defining relations of the corresponding nilpotent Lie algebra for type $A_1, A_2,A_3,A_4$ are given h…
We prove that indecomposable $Σ$-pure-injective modules for a string algebra are string or band modules. The key step in our proof is a splitting result for infinite-dimensional linear relations.
We study certain filtrations of indecomposable injective modules over classical Lie superalgebras, applying a general approach for noetherian rings developed by Brown, Jategaonkar, Lenagan, and Warfield. To indicate the consequences of our analysis, suppose that $g$ is a complex classical simple Lie superalgebra and that $E$ is an indecomposable injective $g$-module with nonzero (and so necessarily simple) socle $L$. (Recall that every essential extension of $L$, and in particular every nonsplit extension of $L$ by a simple module, can be formed from $g$-subfactors of $E$.) A direct transposit…
In this paper we determine extensions of higher degree between indecomposable modules over gentle algebras. In particular, our results show how such extensions either eventually vanish or become periodic. We give a geometric interpretation of vanishing and periodicity of higher extensions in terms of the surface underlying the gentle algebra. For gentle algebras arising from triangulations of surfaces, we give an explicit basis of higher extension spaces between indecomposable modules.
