Holger Spielberg
Hirzebruch surfaces provide an excellent example to underline the fact that in general symplectic manifolds, Gromov-Witten invariants might well count curves in the boundary components of the moduli space. We use this example to explain in detail that the counting argument given by Batyrev in "Quantum cohomology rings of toric manifolds" (Asterisque 218:9-34, 1993) does not work.
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We introduce K-theoretic Gromov-Witten invariants of algebraic orbifold target spaces. Using the methods developed by Givental-Tonita we characterize Giventals Lagrangian cone of quantum K theory of orbifolds in terms of the cohomological cone.
We give a simple proof of the Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch theorem for smooth complete toric varieties, based on Ishida's result that the Todd genus of a smooth complete toric variety is one.
We completely characterize genus-0 K-theoretic Gromov-Witten invariants of a compact complex algebraic manifold in terms of cohomological Gromov-Witten invariants of this manifold. This is done by applying (a virtual version of) the Kawasaki-Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch formula for expressing holomorphic Euler characteristics of orbibundles on moduli spaces of genus-0 stable maps, analyzing the sophisticated combinatorial structure of inertia stacks of such moduli spaces, and employing various quantum Riemann--Roch formulas from "fake" (i.e. orbifold-ignorant) quantum K-theory of manifold and orbif…
Following Brooks's calculation of the $\hat{A}$-genus of complete intersections, a new and more computable formula about the $\hat{A}$-genus and $α$-invariant will be described as polynomials of multi-degree and dimension. We also give an iterated formula of $\hat{A}$-genus and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the vanishing of $\hat{A}$-genus of complex even dimensional spin complete intersections. Finally, we obtain a general formula about the Hirzebruch genus of complete intersections, and calculate some classical Hirzebruch genera as examples.
Genus 0 logarithmic and tropical fixed-domain counts for Hirzebruch surfaces
本文研究环簇的虚对数 Tevelev 度，证明亏格 0 对应定理，并利用热带曲线枚举给出 Hirzebruch 曲面情形的闭式计数公式。
We prove that the locus of irreducible nodal curves on a given Hirzebruch surface F_k of given linear equivalency class and genus g is irreducible.
In the current paper we prove that any Severi variety on a Hirzebruch surface contains a unique component parameterizing irreducible nodal curves of the given genus in characteristic zero.
We perform a study of the moduli space of framed torsion free sheaves on Hirzebruch surfaces by using localization techniques. After discussing general properties of this moduli space, we classify its fixed points under the appropriate toric action and compute its Poincare' polynomial. From the physical viewpoint, our results provide the partition function of N=4 Vafa-Witten theory on Hirzebruch surfaces, which is relevant in black hole entropy counting problems according to a conjecture due to Ooguri, Strominger and Vafa.
We extract genus $0$ consequences of the all genera quantum HRR formula proved in Part IX. This includes re-proving and generalizing the adelic characterization of genus $0$ quantum K-theory found in [Givental A., Tonita V., in Symplectic, Poisson, and Noncommutative Geometry, <I>Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ.</I>, Vol. 62, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2014, 43-91]. Extending some results of Part VIII, we derive the invariance of a certain variety (the "big J-function"), constructed from the genus $0$ descendant potential of permutation-equivariant quantum K-theory, under the action of c…
Counting rational points on Hirzebruch-Kleinschmidt varieties over number fields
本文研究了数域上 Picard 秩为 2 的光滑射影分裂环面簇在 Arakelov 高度下的有理点渐近增长，证明其可分解为有限个不相交子簇并给出显式渐近公式，同时提供了包含 Hirzebruch 曲面的实例。
Counting rational points on Hirzebruch-Kleinschmidt varieties over global function fields
受Bourqui工作启发，本文研究了全局函数域上Picard秩为2的分裂环面簇的高度zeta函数，将其分解为子簇并给出精确解析性质，进而得到各子簇上大高度有理点计数的渐近公式。
We study the stationary descendant Gromov-Witten theory of toric surfaces by combining and extending a range of techniques - tropical curves, floor diagrams, and Fock spaces. A correspondence theorem is established between tropical curves and descendant invariants on toric surfaces using maximal toric degenerations. An intermediate degeneration is then shown to give rise to floor diagrams, giving a geometric interpretation of this well-known bookkeeping tool in tropical geometry. In the process, we extend floor diagram techniques to include descendants in arbitrary genus. These floor diagrams …
Stable cohomology of moduli spaces of hyperelliptic curves on Hirzebruch surfaces
本文计算了 Hirzebruch 曲面上固定亏格超椭圆曲线模空间的稳定上同调，并用带标记点的非嵌入模空间进行描述。
Trigonal and embedded tropical curves of low genus
本文研究了低亏格热带曲线的三重性表征及其与希尔伯特表面嵌入的关系，探讨了三重映射与嵌入障碍的联系，并通过实例展示非光滑嵌入的展开过程。
We compute the rational cohomology of the moduli space of trigonal curves of genus 5. We do this by considering their natural embedding in the first Hirzebruch surface and by using Gorinov-Vassiliev's method.
Let $E$ be a fiber $F$ bundle over a base $B$ such that $E, F$ and $B$ are smooth compact complex algebraic varieties. In this paper we give explicit formulae for the difference of the Hirzebruch $χ_y$-genus $χ_y(E) - χ_y(F)χ_y(B)$. As a byproduct of the formulae we obtain that the signature of such a fiber bundle is multiplicative mod $4$, i.e. the signature difference $σ(E) -σ(F)σ(B)$ is always divisible by $4$. In the case of $\operatorname{dim}_{\mathbb C}E \leqq 4$ the $χ_y$-genus difference $χ_y(E) - χ_y(F)χ_y(B)$ can be concretely described only in terms of the signature difference $σ(E…
In 2014 A. Degtyarev, I. Itenberg and the author gave a description, up to fiberwise equivariant deformations, of maximally inflected real trigonal curves of type~I (over a base $ B $ of an arbitrary genus) in terms of the combinatorics of sufficiently simple graphs and for $ B=\mathbb{P}^1 $ obtained a complete classification of such curves. In this paper, the mentioned results are extended to maximally inflected real trigonal curves of type~II over $ B=\mathbb{P}^1 $. As usual, the results for such curves are extended to real Jacobian elliptic surfaces with all singular fibers real.
The classical Severi degree counts the number of algebraic curves of fixed genus and class passing through some general points in a surface. In this paper we study Severi degrees as well as several types of Gromov-Witten invariants of the Hirzebruch surfaces $F_k$, and the relationship between these numbers. To each Hirzebruch surface $F_k$ we associate an operator $\mathsf{M}_{F_k} \in \mathcal{H}[\mathbb{P}^1]$ acting on the Fock space $\mathcal{F}[\mathbb{P}^1]$. Generating functions for each of the curve-counting theories we study here on $F_k$ can be expressed in terms of the exponential …
Universal piecewise polynomiality for counting curves in toric surfaces
本文受双Hurwitz数分段多项式性启发，研究Hirzebruch曲面双Gromov-Witten不变量的分段多项式性，肯定其在h-横截多边形对应环面曲面间变化时成立，并将其表示为二维玻色Fock空间矩阵元。
We consider the geometrical addition law on the elliptic curve in Tate coordinates. It corresponds to the general formal group law over the ring of polynomials with integer coefficients of the parametra of the curve. We study the structure of this law and the differential equation that determines its exponent. We describe a 5-parametric family of Hirzebruch genera with integer values on stably complex manifolds. We introduce the general Krichever genus, which is given by a generalized Baker-Akhiezer function. This function has many of the fundamental properties of the Baker-Akhiezer function, …
We survey some features of equivariant instanton partition functions of topological gauge theories on four and six dimensional toric Kahler varieties, and their geometric and algebraic counterparts in the enumerative problem of counting holomorphic curves. We discuss the relations of instanton counting to representations of affine Lie algebras in the four-dimensional case, and to Donaldson-Thomas theory for ideal sheaves on Calabi-Yau threefolds. For resolutions of toric singularities, an algebraic structure induced by a quiver determines the instanton moduli space through the McKay correspond…
Let $(X,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold with quasi-positive Riemannian scalar curvature. If there exists a complex structure $J$ compatible with $g$, then the canonical bundle $K_X$ is not pseudo-effective and the Kodaira dimension $κ(X,J)=-\infty$. We also introduce the complex Yamabe number $λ_c(X)$ for compact complex manifold $X$, and show that if $λ_c(X)>0$, then $κ(X)=-\infty$; moreover, if $X$ is also spin, then the Hirzebruch $A$-hat genus $\hat A(X)=0$.
Asymptotic Counting of Singular Fibers of Genus $g$
本文受Shafarevich猜想有效形式启发，证明亏格$g$奇异纤维类别数量具有精确渐近阶$g^{\Theta(g)}$。
A quasitoric manifold is a smooth 2n-manifold M^{2n} with an action of the compact torus T^n such that the action is locally isomorphic to the standard action of T^n on C^n and the orbit space is diffeomorphic, as manifold with corners, to a simple polytope P^n. The name refers to the fact that topological and combinatorial properties of quasitoric manifolds are similar to that of non-singular algebraic toric varieties (or toric manifolds). Unlike toric varieties, quasitoric manifolds may fail to be complex; however, they always admit a stably (or weakly almost) complex structure, and their co…
The trigonal curves of genus 5 can be represented by projective plane quintics that have 1 singularity of delta invariant 1. Combining this with a partial sieve method for plane curves we count the number of such curves over any finite field. The main application is that this then gives the motivic Euler characteristic of the moduli space of trigonal curves of genus 5.
Gross, Hacking, and Keel have constructed mirrors of log Calabi-Yau surfaces in terms of counts of rational curves. Using $q$-deformed scattering diagrams defined in terms of higher genus log Gromov-Witten invariants, we construct deformation quantizations of these mirrors and we produce canonical bases of the corresponding noncommutative algebras of functions.
We give a practical formula for counting irreducible nodal genus-three plane curves that a fixed generic complex structure on the normalization. As an intermediate step, we enumerate rational plane curves that have a $(3,4)$-cusp.
We compute Gromov-Witten invariants of any genus for del Pezzo surfaces of degree $\ge2$. The genus zero invariants have been computed a long ago, Gromov-Witten invariants of any genus for del Pezzo surfaces of degree $\ge3$ have been found by Vakil. We solve the problem in two steps: (1) we consider the plane blown up at 6 points on a conic and one more point outside this conic (weak Fano surface), and, using techniques of tropical geometry, obtain a Caporaso-Harris type formula counting curves of any divisor class and genus subject to arbitrary tangency conditions with respect to the blown u…
We obtain a formula for the degrees of the varieties parameterizing complex algebraic curves of any divisor class and genus on P^2_6, the projective plane blown-up at 6 generic points. Moreover, the formula computes the degrees of the varieties parameterizing curves on P^2_6 which additionally satisfy certain tangency conditions to a fixed exceptional divisor on P^2_6. Our formula contains as special cases the degrees of the analogous varieties parameterizing curves on P^2_q, for q=1,...,5, and on the quadric (P^1)^2. It is an extension of the Caporaso-Harris formula counting curves of any deg…
We perform a study of the moduli space of framed torsion-free sheaves on Hirzebruch surfaces by using localization techniques. We discuss some general properties of this moduli space by studying it in the framework of Huybrechts-Lehn theory of framed modules. We classify the fixed points under a toric action on the moduli space, and use this to compute the Poincare polynomial of the latter. This will imply that the moduli spaces we are considering are irreducible. We also consider fractional first Chern classes, which means that we are extending our computation to a stacky deformation of a Hir…
Seshadri constants and negative curves on blowups of ruled surfaces
本文研究 Hirzebruch 曲面及可分解直纹曲面在非常一般点爆炸后的 Seshadri 常数，并给出相关有界负性结果。
We obtain a recursive formula answering the following question: How many irreducible, plane curves of degree d and (geometric) genus g pass through 3d-1+g general points in the plane? The formula is proved by studying suitable degenerations of plane curves.
We compute the genus one family Gromov-Witten invariants of K3 surfaces for non-primitive classes. These calculations verify Gottsche-Yau-Zaslow formula for non-primitive classes with index two. Our approach is to use the genus two topological recursion formula and the symplectic sum formula to establish relationships among various generating functions.
We construct and study the reduced, relative, genus one Gromov--Witten theory of very ample pairs. These invariants form the principal component contribution to relative Gromov--Witten theory in genus one and are relative versions of Zinger's reduced Gromov--Witten invariants. We relate the relative and absolute theories by degeneration of the tangency conditions, and the resulting formulas generalise a well-known recursive calculation scheme put forward by Gathmann in genus zero. The geometric input is a desingularisation of the principal component of the moduli space of genus one logarithmic…
We compute all loop topological string amplitudes on orientifolds of local Calabi-Yau manifolds, by using geometric transitions involving SO/Sp Chern-Simons theory, localization on the moduli space of holomorphic maps with involution, and the topological vertex. In particular we count Klein bottles and projective planes with any number of handles in some Calabi-Yau orientifolds.
Let C be a soluble smooth genus one curve over a Henselian discrete valuation field. There is a unique minimal Weierstrass equation defining C up to isomorphism. In this paper we consider genus one equations of degree n defining C, namely a (generalised) binary quartic when n = 2, a ternary cubic when n = 3, and a pair of quaternary quadrics when n = 4. In general, minimal genus one equations of degree n are not unique up to isomorphism. We explain how the number of minimal genus one equations of degree n varies according to the Kodaira symbol of the Jacobian of C. Then we count these equation…
As another application of the degeneration methods of [V3], we count the number of irreducible degree $d$ geometric genus $g$ plane curves, with fixed multiple points on a conic $E$, not containing $E$, through an appropriate number of general points in the plane. As a special case, we count the number of irreducible genus $g$ curves in any divisor class $D$ on the blow-up of the plane at up to five points (no three collinear). We then show that these numbers give the genus $g$ Gromov-Witten invariants of the surface. Finally, we suggest a direction from which the remaining del Pezzo surfaces …
We describe an algorithm to compute the zeta function of any non-hyperelliptic genus 3 plane curve $C$ over a finite field with automorphism group $G = \mathbb{Z} / 2 \mathbb{Z}$. This algorithm computes in the Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology of~the curve. Using the relation between the Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology of $C$ and its quotient $E := C/G$, the computation splits into 2 parts: one in a subspace of the Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology and a second which reduces to the point counting on an elliptic curve $E$. The former corresponds to the dimension $2$ abelian surface $\mathrm{ker}(\mathrm{Ja…
On the Alexander Invariants of Trigonal Curves
本文证明辫群 B3 中大多数亏格零子群对亚历山大不变量无贡献，并引入“本原”亏格零子群来完全决定不变量，进而分类特殊子类并重新得到不可约三角曲线二面体覆盖的已知分类。
In this article we give the details of an effective point counting algorithm for genus two curves over finite fields of characteristic three. The algorithm has an application in the context of curve based cryptography. One distinguished property of the algorithm is that its complexity depends quasi-quadratically on the degree of the finite base field. Our algorithm is a modified version of an earlier method that was developed in joint work with Lubicz. We explain how one can alter the original algorithm, on the basis of new theory, such that it can be used to efficiently count points on genus …
This is a survey on recent results on counting of curves over finite fields. It reviews various results on the maximum number of points on a curve of genus g over a finite field of cardinality q, but the main emphasis is on results on the Euler characteristic of the cohomology of local systems on moduli spaces of curves of low genus and its implications for modular forms.
We consider $M$-theory compactified on $T^4 \times T^2$ and describe the count of spinning $1/8$-BPS states. This refines the classic count of Maldacena-Moore-Strominger in the physics literature and the recent mathematical work of Bryan-Oberdieck-Pandharipande-Yin, which studied reduced Donaldson-Thomas invariants of abelian surfaces and threefolds. As in previous work on $K3 \times T^2$ compactification, we track angular momenta under both the $SU(2)_L$ and $SU(2)_R$ factors in the 5d little group, providing predictions for the relevant motivic curve counts.
We propose a geometric interpretation of Block and Göttsche's refined tropical curve counting invariants in terms of virtual $χ_{-y}$-specializations of motivic measures of semialgebraic sets in relative Hilbert schemes. We prove that this interpretation is correct for linear series of genus 1, and in arbitrary genus after specializing from $χ_{-y}$ to Euler characteristic.
In this paper we study the geometry of the Severi varieties parametrizing curves on the rational ruled surface $\fn$. We compute the number of such curves through the appropriate number of fixed general points on $\fn$, and the number of such curves which are irreducible. These numbers are known as Severi degrees; they are the degrees of unions of components of the Hilbert scheme. As (i) $\fn$ can be deformed to $\eff_{n+2}$, (ii) the Gromov-Witten invariants are deformation-invariant, and (iii) the Gromov-Witten invariants of $\eff_0$ and $\eff_1$ are enumerative, Theorem \ref{irecursion} com…
We show that, after the change of variables $q=e^{iu}$, refined floor diagrams for $\mathbb{P}^2$ and Hirzebruch surfaces compute generating series of higher genus relative Gromov-Witten invariants with insertion of a lambda class. The proof uses an inductive application of the degeneration formula in relative Gromov-Witten theory and an explicit result in relative Gromov-Witten theory of $\mathbb{P}^1$. Combining this result with the similar looking refined tropical correspondence theorem for log Gromov-Witten invariants, we obtain some non-trivial relation between relative and log Gromov-Wit…
Castryck, Decru, and Smith used superspecial genus-2 curves and their Richelot isogeny graph for basing genus-2 isogeny cryptography, and recently, Costello and Smith devised an improved isogeny path-finding algorithm in the genus-2 setting. In order to establish a firm ground for the cryptographic construction and analysis, we give a new characterization of {\em decomposed Richelot isogenies} in terms of {\em involutive reduced automorphisms} of genus-2 curves over a finite field, and explicitly count such decomposed (and non-decomposed) Richelot isogenies between {\em superspecial} principal…
Brill--Noether loci in genus $\leq 12$
本文通过分析 K3 曲面上不稳定 Lazarsfeld--Mukai 丛并结合经典结果与显式构造，确定了亏格不超过 12 时所有 Brill--Noether 轨迹的相对位置。
We propose a Las Vegas probabilistic algorithm to compute the zeta function of a genus-3 hyperelliptic curve defined over a finite field $\mathbb F_q$, with explicit real multiplication by an order $\mathbb Z[η]$ in a totally real cubic field. Our main result states that this algorithm requires an expected number of $\widetilde O((\log q)^6)$ bit-operations, where the constant in the $\widetilde O()$ depends on the ring $\mathbb Z[η]$ and on the degrees of polynomials representing the endomorphism $η$. As a proof-of-concept, we compute the zeta function of a curve defined over a 64-bit prime f…
We give a tropical description of the counting of real log curves in toric degenerations of toric varieties. We treat the case of genus zero curves and all non-superabundant higher-genus situations. The proof relies on log deformation theory and is a real version of the Nishinou-Siebert approach to the tropical correspondence theorem for complex curves. In dimension two, we use similar techniques to study the counting of real log curves with Welschinger signs and we obtain a new proof of Mikhalkin's tropical correspondence theorem for Welschinger invariants.
The Welschinger invariants of real rational algebraic surfaces count real rational curves which represent a given divisor class and pass through a generic conjugation-invariant configuration of points. No invariants counting real curves of positive genera are known in general. We indicate particular situations, when Welschinger-type invariants counting real curves of positive genera can be defined. We also prove the positivity and give asymptotic estimates for such Weischinger-type invariants for several del Pezzo surfaces of degree $\ge2$ and suitable real nef and big divisor classes. In part…
We present a probabilistic Las Vegas algorithm for computing the local zeta function of a genus-$g$ hyperelliptic curve defined over $\mathbb F_q$ with explicit real multiplication (RM) by an order $\Z[η]$ in a degree-$g$ totally real number field. It is based on the approaches by Schoof and Pila in a more favorable case where we can split the $\ell$-torsion into $g$ kernels of endomorphisms, as introduced by Gaudry, Kohel, and Smith in genus 2. To deal with these kernels in any genus, we adapt a technique that the author, Gaudry, and Spaenlehauer introduced to model the $\ell$-torsion by stru…
We find a closed formula for the number $\operatorname{hyp}(g)$ of hyperelliptic curves of genus $g$ over a finite field $k=\mathbb{F}_q$ of odd characteristic. These numbers $\operatorname{hyp}(g)$ are expressed as a polynomial in $q$ with integer coefficients that depend on the set of divisors of $q-1$ and $q+1$. As a by-product we obtain a closed formula for the number of self-dual curves of genus $g$. A hyperelliptic curve is self-dual if it is $k$-isomorphic to its own hyperelliptic twist.
We study the problem of lifting curves from finite fields to number fields in a genus and gonality preserving way. More precisely, we sketch how this can be done efficiently for curves of gonality at most four, with an in-depth treatment of curves of genus at most five over finite fields of odd characteristic, including an implementation in Magma. We then use such a lift as input to an algorithm due to the second author for computing zeta functions of curves over finite fields using $p$-adic cohomology.
The Severi degree is the degree of the Severi variety parametrizing plane curves of degree d with delta nodes. Recently, Göttsche and Shende gave two refinements of Severi degrees, polynomials in a variable y, which are conjecturally equal, for large d. At y = 1, one of the refinements, the relative Severi degree, specializes to the (non-relative) Severi degree. We give a tropical description of the refined Severi degrees, in terms of a refined tropical curve count for all toric surfaces. We also refine the equivalent count of floor diagrams for Hirzebruch and rational ruled surfaces. Our desc…
We investigate the following question: let $C$ be an integral curve contained in a smooth complex algebraic surface $X$; is it possible to deform $C$ in $X$ into a nodal curve while preserving its geometric genus? We affirmatively answer it in most cases when $X$ is a Del Pezzo or Hirzebruch surface, and in some cases when $X$ is a $K3$ surface. Partial results are given for all surfaces with numerically trivial canonical class. We also give various examples for which the answer is negative.
We perform a refined count of BPS states in the compactification of M-theory on $K3 \times T^2$, keeping track of the information provided by both the $SU(2)_L$ and $SU(2)_R$ angular momenta in the $SO(4)$ little group. Mathematically, this four variable counting function may be expressed via the motivic Donaldson-Thomas counts of $K3 \times T^2$, simultaneously refining Katz, Klemm, and Pandharipande's motivic Donaldson-Thomas counts on $K3$ and Oberdieck-Pandharipande's Gromov-Witten counts on $K3 \times T^2$. This provides the first full answer for motivic curve counts of a compact Calabi-Y…
Let k be a finite field of odd characteristic. We find a closed formula for the number of k-isomorphism classes of pointed, and non-pointed, hyperelliptic curves of genus g over k, admitting a Koblitz model. These numbers are expressed as a polynomial in the cardinality q of k, with integer coefficients (for pointed curves) and rational coefficients (for non-pointed curves). The coefficients depend on g and the set of divisors of q-1 and q+1. These formulas show that the number of hyperelliptic curves of genus g suitable (in principle) of cryptographic applications is asymptotically (1-e^{-1})…
For a partition $lambda=\{lambda_1 \geq λ_2 \geq λ_3 \}$ of non-negative integers, we calculate the Euler characteristic of the local system $V_λ$ on the moduli space of genus 3 hyperelliptic curves using a suitable stratification. For some $λ$ of low degree, we make a guess for the motivic Euler characteristic of $V_λ$ using counting of curves over finite fields.
This note presents a formula for the enumerative invariants of arbitrary genus in toric surfaces. The formula computes the number of curves of a given genus through a collection of generic points in the surface. The answer is given in terms of certain lattice paths in the relevant Newton polygon. If the toric surface is the projective plane or the product of two projective lines then the invariants under consideration coincide with the Gromov-Witten invariants. The formula gives a new count even in these cases, where other computational technique is available.
We show how to define and count lattice points in the moduli space $\modm_{g,n}$ of genus g curves with n labeled points. This produces a polynomial with coefficients that include the Euler characteristic of the moduli space, and tautological intersection numbers on the compactified moduli space.
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