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arXiv math-ph/0304043math-phmath.MP
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非平衡稳态

Non-equilibrium steady states

Jean-Pierre Eckmann

摘要:

热平衡力学系统的数学物理是一个研究得很好的、相对容易的课题,因为吉布斯分布通常是平衡态的一个适当的猜测。另一方面,{ \em非平衡}系统的数学物理学,例如一个由弹簧连接到两个(无限)热源的质量链,就更加困难,正是因为不存在这样的{ \em先验}猜测。然而,最近的工作表明,在相当一般的条件下,这种状态不仅可以证明存在,而且是{ \em唯一}的,使用Hörmander条件和可控性。此外,有趣的性质,如能量通量,指数快速收敛到唯一的状态,并已成功地研究了该状态的波动。最后,在这些研究中使用的想法可以扩展到某些随机偏微分方程的使用Malliavin演算证明的规律性的过程。

英文摘要:

The mathematical physics of mechanical systems in thermal equilibrium is a well studied, and relatively easy, subject, because the Gibbs distribution is in general an adequate guess for the equilibrium state. On the other hand, the mathematical physics of {\em non-equilibrium} systems, such as that of a chain of masses connected with springs to two (infinite) heat reservoirs is more difficult, precisely because no such {\em a priori} guess exists. Recent work has, however, revealed that under quite general conditions, such states can not only be shown to exist, but are {\em unique}, using the Hörmander conditions and controllability. Furthermore, interesting properties, such as energy flux, exponentially fast convergence to the unique state, and fluctuations of that state have been successfully studied. Finally, the ideas used in these studies can be extended to certain stochastic PDE's using Malliavin calculus to prove regularity of the process.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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