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arXiv 2606.18751astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
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星际彗星3I/ATLAS从近日点前4 au到近日点后4 au的尘埃颜色、相行为和蒙特卡洛建模

Dust colour, phase behaviour, and Monte Carlo modelling of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS from 4 au pre- to 4 au post-perihelion

Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所);Light Bridges, Observatorio Astronómico del Teide(光桥望远镜台);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利天体物理研究所);Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna(拉帕尔马大学天体物理学系)

F. Moreno, M. Serra-Ricart, J. Licandro, P. J. Gutiérrez, L. M. Lara, I. Mariblanca-Escalona, M. R. Alarcón

AI总结:

基于多波段成像观测和蒙特卡洛尘埃尾建模,研究了星际彗星3I/ATLAS在4 au到近日点再到4 au范围内的尘埃物理性质、喷射速度和产率,发现后向散射增强和独特的相位曲线。

摘要:

我们报告了星际彗星3I/ATLAS的多波段光度成像观测和蒙特卡洛尘埃尾建模,覆盖了从近日点前约4 au到近日点后4 au的广泛日心距离。大量的成像数据集使我们能够约束尘埃物理性质、喷射速度和产率随日心距离的变化。近日点后的观测以高频率在多个光度波段(SDSS g、r、i和亮度滤镜)进行,相位角范围约为0.7度到30度,使我们能够确定尘埃颜色和相位函数。得到的相位曲线表现出显著的后向散射增强,与太阳系彗星不同,具有0.1-0.4星等的冲日效应、1-3度的宽度和0.02-0.04星等/度的线性相位系数,与独立的近日点前估计一致。成像数据与独立光度测量的一种可能解释表明,尘埃尺寸分布的特征是幂律指数为-3.5,最小和最大粒子半径分别为rmin = 10微米和rmax在1-10厘米之间。报告的水产率与近日点后的尘埃产率相关性良好,但在近日点前不相关,这一效应可能与近日点前测量的高CO2/H2O比率有关。推导出的近日点最大尘埃损失率为(0.5-1.8)×10^4 kg/s。

英文摘要:

We report multi-band photometric imaging observations and Monte Carlo dust tail modelling of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS covering a wide range of heliocentric distances, from about 4 au pre-perihelion to 4 au post-perihelion. The extensive imaging data set allowed us to constrain the dust physical properties, ejection speeds, and production rates as a function of heliocentric distance. The post-perihelion observations, obtained at high cadence in multiple photometric bands (SDSS g, r, i, and luminance filters) and spanning phase angles between approximately 0.7 deg and 30 deg, enabled us to determine the dust color and phase function. The resulting phase curve exhibits a prominent backscattering enhancement, distinct from those derived for Solar System comets, with an opposition surge of 0.1--0.4 mag, a width of 1--3 deg, and a linear phase coefficient of 0.02-0.04 mag/deg, consistent with independent pre-perihelion estimates. A possible interpretation of the imaging data, together with independent photometric measurements, indicates a dust size distribution characterized by a power-law index of -3.5, with minimum and maximum particle radii of rmin = 10 micrometer and rmax in the interval 1-10 cm. The reported water production rate correlates well with the dust production rate post-perihelion, but fails to do so pre-perihelion, an effect possibly linked to the high CO2/H2O ratio measured before perihelion. The derived maximum dust-loss rate at perihelion is (0.5-1.8)E4 kg/s.

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