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arXiv 1901.01722astro-ph.EP
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发现统计和1801-2017年期间发现的长周期彗星的1/a分布

Discovery statistics and the 1/a-distribution of long-period comets detected over the 1801-2017 period

Małgorzata Królikowska, Piotr A. Dybczyński

摘要:

在过去的二十年里,我们一直在观察长周期彗星(LPC)的发现,特别是那些具有大近日点距离的彗星。我们收集了在1801-2017年期间发现的LPC的完整样本的数据,包括它们的密切轨道,发现时刻(研究发现距离)和原始半长轴(研究大近日点与小近日点LPC的数量比与1/a原始值的函数,并构建1/a原始值的精确分布)。为了尽量减少抛物线彗星对这些分布的影响,我们确定了20多个以前被归类为抛物线彗星的LPC的最终轨道(包括偏心率)。我们发现,奥尔特穗彗星内的大近日点彗星的百分比显着高于一组的LPC与<10000 AU,这两组的大近日点,小近日点彗星的比例自1970年以来系统地增长。还讨论了小近日点和大近日点的奥尔特峰的不同形状。在5000-100天文单位范围内,随着半长轴的缩短,大近日点与小近日点的比值显著减小。分析发现的情况下,我们发现,奥尔特穗彗星被发现在更大的地心和日心距离比其余的LPC统计。这两组LPC中大近日点彗星的百分比差异可能是一个众所周知的彗星衰落过程的直接结果,这是由于它们的表面在连续的近日点通过期间老化和/或反映了不同的实际q分布。

英文摘要:

For the last two decades we have been observing a huge increase in discoveries of long-period comets (LPCs), especially those with large-perihelion distances. We collected data for a full sample of LPCs discovered over the 1801-2017 period including their osculating orbits, discovery moments (to study the discovery distances), and original semimajor axes (to study the number ratio of large-perihelion to small-perihelion LPCs in function of 1/a-original, and to construct the precise distribution of an 1/a-original). To minimize the influence of parabolic comets on these distributions we determined definitive orbits (which include eccentricities) for more than 20 LPCs previously classified as parabolic comets. We show that the percentage of large-perihelion comets is significantly higher within Oort spike comets than in a group of LPCs with a<10000 au, and this ratio of large-perihelion to small-perihelion comets for both groups has grown systematically since 1970. The different shape of the Oort spike for small-perihelion and large-perihelion LPCs is also discussed. A spectacular decrease of the ratio of large-perihelion to small-perihelion LPCs with the shortening of semimajor axis within the range of 5000-100 au is also noticed. Analysing discovery circumstances, we found that Oort spike comets are discovered statistically at larger geocentric and heliocentric distances than the remaining LPCs. This difference in the percentage of large-perihelion comets in both groups of LPCs can probably be a direct consequence of a well-known comets fading process due to ageing of their surface during the consecutive perihelion passages and/or reflects the different actual q-distributions.

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