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arXiv 0904.4733astro-ph.EP
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Subaru/Suprime-Cam观测2006年73 P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3B彗星碎片

2006 Fragmentation of Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3B Observed with Subaru/Suprime-Cam

Masateru Ishiguro, Fumihiko Usui, Yuki Sarugaku, Munetaka Ueno

摘要:

我们分析了73 P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3B的Subaru/Suprime-Cam图像,发现了不少于154颗小型彗星。我们应用同步-同步分析,修改火箭效应分析,小碎片的空间分布。我们发现,这些小型彗星中的大多数都是在2006年4月1日左右的一次爆发中从碎片B中喷出的。火箭力与太阳引力的比值比施加在碎片B上的大7到23倍。我们检查了所有检测到的碎片的表面亮度曲线,并估计了154个碎片的大小。我们发现,这些小型碎片的半径在5至108米之间(相当于通古斯撞击器的大小)。微分粒度分布的幂律指数为q = -3.34 +/-0.05。根据这个大小分布,我们发现在2006年4月的爆发中,碎片B的质量损失了大约1-10%。对彗星碎片动力学的建模显示,小于~10-20米的小型碎片很可能会在水冰中耗尽,变得不活跃,这意味着十米大小的彗星碎片可以在融化过程中存活下来,并作为近地天体保留下来。我们试图探测尘埃轨迹,这是明确发现的红外波长的斯皮策。在碎片B的轨道上没有发现亮度超过30.0等角秒^-2(3西格玛)的亮度增强。

英文摘要:

We analyzed the Subaru/Suprime-Cam images of 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3B and detected no fewer than 154 mini-comets. We applied synchrone-syndyne analysis, modified for rocket effect analysis, to the mini-fragment spatial distribution. We found that most of these mini-comets were ejected from fragment B by an outburst occurring around 1 April 2006. The ratio of the rocket force to solar gravity was 7 to 23 times larger than that exerted on fragment B. No significant color variation was found. We examined the surface brightness profiles of all detected fragments and estimated the sizes of 154 fragments. We found that the radius of these mini-fragments was in the 5- to 108-m range (equivalent size of Tunguska impactor). The power-law index of the differential size distribution was q = -3.34 +/- 0.05. Based on this size distribution, we found that about 1-10% of the mass of fragment B was lost in the April 2006 outbursts. Modeling the cometary fragment dynamics revealed that it is likely that mini-fragments smaller than ~10-20 m could be depleted in water ice and become inactive, implying that decameter-sized comet fragments could survive against melting and remain as near-Earth objects. We attempted to detect the dust trail, which was clearly found in infrared wavelengths by Spitzer. No brightness enhancement brighter than 30.0 mag arcsec^-2 (3sigma) was detected in the orbit of fragment B.

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