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arXiv 2208.04469astro-ph.EP
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长周期彗星的毁灭

Destruction of Long-Period Comets

David Jewitt

摘要:

我们确定了一个样本的27个长周期彗星,这两个非重力加速度和莱曼-α为基础的气体生产率。27颗彗星中有7颗(即25%)由于核碎裂或完全解体而无法在近日点生存。根据经验,后者的核具有最小的气体产生率和最大的非重力加速度,这两者都是小尺寸的指标。具体来说,解体核的中位半径只有0.41公里,是幸存近日点中位半径1.60公里的四分之一。解体的彗星也有一个较小的中值近日点距离(0.48 au)比幸存者(0.99 au)。我们比较了释气扭矩改变核自旋的数量级时间尺度τ与每个彗星在强升华中所花费的时间Dt,发现被破坏的彗星是那些τ <Dt的彗星。因此,近太阳长周期彗星的毁灭自然被解释为旋转分裂的结果。我们讨论这个过程作为一个贡献者奥尔特的长期神秘的“褪色参数”。

英文摘要:

We identify a sample of 27 long-period comets for which both non-gravitational accelerations and Lyman-alpha based gas production rates are available. Seven of the 27 comets (i.e. 25 percent) did not survive perihelion because of nucleus fragmentation or complete disintegration. Empirically, the latter nuclei have the smallest gas production rates and the largest non-gravitational accelerations, which are both indicators of small size. Specifically, the disintegrating nuclei have a median radius of only 0.41 km, one quarter of the 1.60 km median radius of those surviving perihelion. The disintegrating comets also have a smaller median perihelion distance (0.48 au) than do the survivors (0.99 au). We compare the order of magnitude timescale for outgassing torques to change the nucleus spin, tau, with the time spent by each comet in strong sublimation, Dt, finding that the disrupted comets are those with tau < Dt. The destruction of near-Sun long-period comets is thus naturally explained as a consequence of rotational break-up. We discuss this process as a contributor to Oort's long mysterious ``fading parameter''.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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