We study divisors on moduli spaces of cubic fourfolds with simple singularities and of quasi-polarized K3 surfaces of degree $2d$. For the moduli space of cubic fourfolds, we introduce a slope quantity to characterize the effective cone and prove an explicit bound for it. For the K3 moduli spaces, we give an explicit finite presentation of the rational Picard group by showing that it is generated by Noether-Lefschetz divisors of discriminant less than or equal to $4d$. As a byproduct, we obtain two explicit expressions for the Hodge class in terms of Noether-Lefschetz divisors, and we indicate analogous results for higher-codimension Noether-Lefschetz cycles.
In [1309.1899], Ranestad and Voisin showed, quite surprisingly, that the divisor in the moduli space of cubic fourfolds consisting of cubics "apolar to a Veronese surface" is not a Noether-Lefschetz divisor. We give an independent proof of this by exhibiting an explicit cubic fourfold X in the divisor and using point counting methods over finite fields to show X is Noether-Lefschetz general. We also show that two other divisors considered in [ibid.] are not Noether-Lefschetz divisors.
We study the Brill-Noether theory of curves on K3 surfaces that are Hodge theoretically associated to cubic fourfolds of discriminant 14. We prove that any smooth curve in the polarization class has maximal Clifford index and deduce that a cubic fourfold contains disjoint planes if and only if it admits a Brill-Noether special associated K3 surface of degree 14. As an application, the complement of the pfaffian locus, inside the Noether-Lefschetz divisor of discriminant 14 in the moduli space of cubic fourfolds, is contained in the irreducible locus of cubic fourfolds containing two disjoint p…
The Gromov-Witten theory of threefolds admitting a smooth K3 fibration can be solved in terms of the Noether-Lefschetz intersection numbers of the fibration and the reduced invariants of a K3 surface. Toward a generalization of this result to families with singular fibers, we introduce completed Noether-Lefschetz numbers using toroidal compactifications of the period space of elliptic K3 surfaces. As an application, we prove quasi-modularity for some genus 0 partition functions of Weierstrass fibrations over ruled surfaces, and show that they satisfy a holomorphic anomaly equation.
We consider the Noether-Lefschetz problem for surfaces in Q-factorial normal 3-folds with rational singularities. We show the existence of components of the Noether-Lefschetz locus of maximal codimension, and that there are indeed infinitely many of them. Moreover, we show that their union is dense in the natural topology.
We describe the Hodge theory of brilliant families of K3 surfaces. Their characteristic feature is a close link between the Hodge structures of any two fibres over points in the Noether-Lefschetz locus. Twistor deformations, the analytic Tate-Safarevic group, and one-dimensional Shimura special cycles are covered by the theory. In this setting, the Brauer group is viewed as the Noether-Lefschetz locus of the Brauer family or as the specialization of the Noether-Lefschetz loci in a family of approaching twistor spaces. Passing from one algebraic twistor fibre to another, which by construction i…
We prove that every Hassett's Noether-Lefschetz divisor of special cubic fourfolds contains a union of three codimension-two subvarieties, parametrizing rational cubic fourfolds, in the moduli space of smooth cubic fourfolds.
In this paper, we exploit some geometric-differential techniques to prove the strong Lefschetz property in degree $1$ for a complete intersection standard Artinian Gorenstein algebra of codimension $6$ presented by quadrics. We prove also some strong Lefschetz properties for the same kind of Artinian algebras in higher codimensions. Moreover, we analyze some loci that come naturally into the picture of "special" Artinian algebras: for them, we give some geometric descriptions and show a connection between the non emptiness of the so-called non-Lefschetz locus in degree $1$ and the "lifting" of…
We continue our study of the Noether-Lefschetz loci in toric varieties and investigate deformation of pairs (V,X) where V is a complete intersection subvariety and X a quasi-smooth hypersurface in a odd dimensional simplicial projective toric variety, with V\subset X. Under some assumptions, we prove that the cohomological class in H^{k,k}(X) associated to V remains of type (k,k) under an infinitesimal deformation if and only if V remains algebraic. Actually we prove that locally the Noether-Lefschetz locus is an irreducible component of a suitable Hilbert scheme. This generalizes Theorem 4.2 …
We provide methods to construct explicit examples of $K3$ surfaces. This leads to unirational constructions of Noether--Lefschetz divisors inside the moduli space of $K3$ surfaces of genus $g$. We implement Mukai's unirationality construction of the moduli spaces of $K3$ surfaces of genus $g\in\{6,\dots, 10, 12\}$, and we also present a new constructive proof of the unirationality of the moduli space of $K3$ surfaces of genus $11$. Furthermore, we show the existence of three unirational hypersurfaces in any moduli space of $K3$ surfaces of genus $g$.
Let $C\subset \mathbb P^r$ be an integral projective curve. We define the speciality index $e(C)$ of $C$ as the maximal integer $t$ such that $h^0(C,ω_C(-t))>0$, where $ω_C$ denotes the dualizing sheaf of $C$. In the present paper we consider $C\subset \mathbb P^5$ an integral degree $d$ curve and we denote by $s$ the minimal degree for which there exists a hypersurface of degree $s$ containing $C$. We assume that $C$ is contained in two smooth hypersurfaces $F$ and $G$, with $deg(F)=n>k=deg (G)$. We assume additionally that $F$ is Noether-Lefschetz general, i.e. that the $2$-th Néron-Severi g…
The Noether-Lefschetz theorem asserts that any curve in a very general surface $X$ in $\mathbb P^3$ of degree $d \geq 4$ is a restriction of a surface in the ambient space, that is, the Picard number of $X$ is $1$. We proved previously that under some conditions, which replace the condition $d \geq 4$, a very general surface in a simplicial toric threefold $\mathbb P_Σ$ (with orbifold singularities) has the same Picard number as $\mathbb P_Σ$. Here we define the Noether-Lefschetz loci of quasi-smooth surfaces in $\mathbb P_Σ$ in a linear system of a Cartier ample divisor with respect to a (-1)…
We use Noether-Lefschetz theory to study the reduced Gromov--Witten invariants of a holomorphic-symplectic variety of $K3^{[n]}$-type. This yields strong evidence for a new conjectural formula that expresses Gromov-Witten invariants of this geometry for arbitrary classes in terms of primitive classes. The formula generalizes an earlier conjecture by Pandharipande and the author for K3 surfaces. Using Gromov-Witten techniques we also determine the generating series of Noether-Lefschetz numbers of a general pencil of Debarre-Voisin varieties. This reproves and extends a result of Debarre, Han, O…
We show that the set of real polynomials in two variables that are sums of three squares of rational functions is dense in the set of those that are positive semidefinite. We also prove that the set of real surfaces in P^3 whose function field has level 2 is dense in the set of those that have no real points.
We calculate the Picard group of generic (very general) spectral varieties living in the total space of a very ample line bundle over an algebraically closed field $k$ of odd characteristics or characteristic 0. We follow the strategy of Ravindra and Srinivas [RS06,RS09] via formal Picard groups. As an application, we calculate the generic fibers of Hitchin systems over a smooth quintic surface of Picard number 1.
In this note we derive from deep results due to Clozel-Ullmo the density of Noether-Lefschetz loci inside the moduli space of marked (polarized) irreducible holomorphic symplectic (IHS) varieties. In particular we obtain the density of Hilbert schemes of points on projective $K3$ surfaces and of projective generalized Kummer varieties in their moduli spaces. We present applications to the existence of rational curves on projective deformations of such varieties, to the study of relevant cones of divisors, and a refinement of Hassett's result on cubic fourfolds whose Fano variety of lines is is…
Consider a smooth projective 3-fold $X$ satisfying the Bogomolov-Gieseker conjecture of Bayer-Macrì-Toda (such as $\mathbb P^3$, the quintic threefold or an abelian threefold). Let $L$ be a line bundle supported on a very positive surface in $X$. If $c_1(L)$ is a primitive cohomology class then we show it has very negative square.
For an algebraic K3 surface with complex multiplication (CM), algebraic fibres of the associated twistor space away from the equator are again of CM type. In this paper, we show that algebraic fibres corresponding to points at the same altitude of the twistor base $S^2\simeq \mathbb{P}^1_\mathbb{C}$ share the same CM endomorphism field. Moreover, we determine all the admissible Picard numbers of the twistor fibres.
We give explicit descriptions of some Noether-Lefschetz divisors in the moduli space of Gushel-Mukai fourfolds. As a consequence we obtain that their Kodaira dimension is negative.
On the algebraicity of non-abelian Noether-Lefschetz loci of rank-two real local systems
Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences (SIMIS)（上海数学与交叉学科研究院）；Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz（美因茨约翰内斯古腾堡大学）
A Noether-Lefschetz theorem for varieties of r-planes in complete intersections
设X是复射影空间中的一个非常一般的完全交，我们用$F_r(X)$表示X中的r-平面簇，对$r\geq 1$ .我们证明了$F_r(X)$的Picard数等于1，只要$\dim F_r(X)\geq 2$等于1，除非X是2 r或2 r +2维的二次曲面，或者X是2 r +2维的二次曲面的完全交.我们也应用这个结果来确定的上同调类的各种平面的三次五倍包含（由Abel-Jacobi映射）在中间雅可比。
In this paper, we study maps between moduli spaces of lattice-polarized K3 surfaces induced by sublattices of prime index. We show that these maps can be used to determine if a rational point of the moduli space belongs to the Noether-Lefschetz locus. As an application, we prove that the Bombieri-Lang conjecture implies non-density statements for the rational points in the Noether-Lefschetz locus, as predicted by a conjecture of Shafarevich.
We enumerate smooth rational curves on very general Weierstrass fibrations over hypersurfaces in projective space. The generating functions for these numbers lie in the ring of classical modular forms. The method of proof uses topological intersection products on a period stack and the cohomological theta correspondence of Kudla and Millson for special cycles on a locally symmetric space of orthogonal type. The results here apply only in base degree 1, but heuristics for higher base degree match predictions from the topological string partition function.
Generalizing a recent construction of Yang and Yu, we study to what extent one can intersect Hassett's Noether-Lefschetz divisors $\mathcal{C}_d$ in the moduli space of cubic fourfolds $\mathcal{C}$. In particular, we exhibit arithmetic conditions on 20 indexes $d_1,\dots, d_{20}$ that assure that the divisors $\mathcal{C}_{d_1},\dots,\mathcal{C}_{d_{20}}$ all intersect one another. This allows us to produce examples of rational cubic fourfolds with an associated K3 surface with rank 20 Néron-Severi group, i.e. a singular K3 surface.
We show that a cubic fourfold F that is apolar to a Veronese surface has the property that its variety of power sums VSP(F,10) is singular along a K3 surface of genus 20. We prove that these cubics form a divisor in the moduli space of cubic fourfolds and that this divisor is not a Noether-Lefschetz divisor. We use this result to prove that there is no nontrivial Hodge correspondence between a very general cubic and its VSP.
We take a sum $C_1+r C_2,\ r\in\mathbb Q$ of a line $C_1$ and a complete intersection curve $C_2$ of type $(3,3)$ inside a smooth surface of degree $8$ and with $C_1\cap C_2=\emptyset$. We gather evidences to the fact that for all except a finite number of $r$, the Noether-Lefschetz loci attached to the cohomology classes of $C_1+ r C_2$ are distinct $31$ codimensional subvarieties intersecting each other in a $32$ codimensional subvariety of the ambient space. The maximum codimension for components of the Noether-Lefschetz locus in this case is $35$, and hence, we provide a conjectural descri…
Higher order isomonodromic deformation of Higgs bundles and a characterization of the non-abelian Noether-Lefschetz locus
Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Xiamen University（厦门大学）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Institut für Mathematik, Universität Mainz（美因茨大学数学研究所）
We give a classification of components of the Hodge locus in any parameter space of smooth projective varieties. This is done using determinantal varieties constructed from the infinitesimal variation of Hodge structures (IVHS) of the underlying family. As a corollary we prove that the minimum codimension for the components of the Hodge locus in the parameter space of $m$-dimensional hypersurfaces of degree $d$ with $d\geq 2+\frac{4}{m}$ and in a Zariski neighborhood of the point representing the Fermat variety, is obtained by the locus of hypersurfaces passing through an $\frac{m}{2}$-dimensi…
