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arXiv 2501.09082quant-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-th
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马尔可夫开放量子系统中Page曲线的热力学

Thermodynamics of the Page curve in Markovian open quantum systems

Jonas Glatthard

AI总结:

本文研究马尔可夫开放量子系统中Page曲线的热力学,通过Lindbladian演化分析熵动力学,关联熵减与朗道尔原理,给出二能级系统纠缠动力学解析式,发现Page时间对应初始能量半数流出时刻。

摘要:

通常,子系统的冯·诺依曼熵会不断增加,直至达到热平衡值并进入平台期。但在某些情况下,即便子系统初始处于纯态,其中间熵值也可能远超最终值。黑洞信息悖论领域的一个著名例子就是霍金辐射的熵,这种行为被称为Page曲线。更普遍地说,弱耦合到冷储库的激发系统都会呈现这种特性。本文研究了Lindbladian演化(即与马尔可夫储库弱接触的开放量子系统)下的熵动力学。这使我们能够研究子系统熵减的非平衡热力学,并将其与朗道尔原理联系起来:熵减必然伴随着热量流出系统。我们给出了二能级系统中衰减激发的纠缠动力学解析表达式,并在局域振子的平衡过程中对其进行了研究。在这两种情况下,Page时间都出现在初始能量的一半离开系统时。

英文摘要:

Typically, the von Neumann entropy of a subsystem increases until it plateaus at the thermal value. Under some circumstances, however, the intermediate value can dwarf the final value, even if the subsystem starts in a pure state. A famous example in the context of the black hole information paradox is the entropy of the Hawking radiation, where this behaviour is dubbed the Page curve. More generally, this is the case for excited systems weakly coupled to cold reservoirs. Here we study the entropy dynamics for Lindbladian evolution, i.e. open quantum systems in weak contact with Markovian reservoirs. This allows us to study the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the subsystem entropy decrease and link it to Landauer's principle: the entropy decrease must be accompanied by a heat flow out of the system. We give an analytic expression of the entanglement dynamics for a decaying excitation in a two-level system and study it under equilibration of a localised oscillator. In both cases the Page time occurs when half the initial energy has left the system.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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