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arXiv 2103.05308quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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有限大小孤立量子系统的Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad型马尔可夫动力学的总热力学熵产生率为负的可能性

Possibility of the total thermodynamic entropy production rate of a finite-sized isolated quantum system to be negative for the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad-type Markovian dynamics of its subsystem

Takaaki Aoki, Yuichiro Matsuzaki, Hideaki Hakoshima

摘要:

研究了孤立量子系统的热力学总熵产生率。特别是,我们考虑了一个量子模型的耦合谐振子在一个星配置,其中一个中心谐振子(系统)耦合到一个有限数量的周围谐振子(浴)。在这个模型中,当整个系统的初始状态由系统和浴的吉布斯态的张量积给出时,每个谐振子总是处于温度依赖于时间的吉布斯态。这使我们能够定义每个谐振子的含时热力学熵和总的非平衡热力学熵作为它们的总和。我们分析确认,总热力学熵满足热力学第三定律。我们的数值解表明,即使当系统的动力学很好地近似的Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad(GKSL)型马尔可夫主方程,总热力学熵产生率可以是负的,而总热力学熵满足热力学第二定律。这一结果是对一般认为系统在GKSL型马尔可夫动力学下总熵产生率非负的一个反例。

英文摘要:

We investigate a total thermodynamic entropy production rate of an isolated quantum system. In particular, we consider a quantum model of coupled harmonic oscillators in a star configuration, where a central harmonic oscillator (system) is coupled to a finite number of surrounding harmonic oscillators (bath). In this model, when the initial state of the total system is given by the tensor product of the Gibbs states of the system and the bath, every harmonic oscillator is always in a Gibbs state with a time-dependent temperature. This enables us to define time-dependent thermodynamic entropy for each harmonic oscillator and total nonequilibrium thermodynamic entropy as the summation of them. We analytically confirm that the total thermodynamic entropy satisfies the third law of thermodynamics. Our numerical solutions show that, even when the dynamics of the system is well approximated by the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL)-type Markovian master equation, the total thermodynamic entropy production rate can be negative, while the total thermodynamic entropy satisfies the second law of thermodynamics. This result is a counterexample to the common belief that the total entropy production rate is non-negative when the system is under the GKSL-type Markovian dynamics.

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