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arXiv 2111.04599cond-mat.stat-mechquant-ph
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马尔可夫开放量子动力学中的精确热力学

Thermodynamics of Precision in Markovian Open Quantum Dynamics

Tan Van Vu, Keiji Saito

摘要:

热力学和动力学的不确定性关系表明之间的权衡的相对波动的观测量和热力学量,如耗散和动力学活动。虽然这些关系在经典系统中已经得到了很好的研究,但在量子领域中仍然没有得到很大的探索。在本文中,我们研究了马尔可夫开放量子系统的这种权衡关系,其潜在的动力学是量子跳跃,如热过程和量子测量过程。具体来说,我们推导出有限时间的下限的相对波动的动力学观测值和他们的第一次通过时间为任意的初始状态。该界表明,观测量的精度不仅受热力学量的约束,而且受量子相干性的约束。我们发现,在一类非简并能级系统的耗散过程中,相对涨落与熵产生或动力学活动的乘积被量子相干性增强。我们的研究结果提供了深入了解的生存经典的量子情况下的不确定性关系。

英文摘要:

The thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations indicate trade-offs between the relative fluctuation of observables and thermodynamic quantities such as dissipation and dynamical activity. Although these relations have been well studied for classical systems, they remain largely unexplored in the quantum regime. In this paper, we investigate such trade-off relations for Markovian open quantum systems whose underlying dynamics are quantum jumps, such as thermal processes and quantum measurement processes. Specifically, we derive finite-time lower bounds on the relative fluctuation of both dynamical observables and their first passage times for arbitrary initial states. The bounds imply that the precision of observables is constrained not only by thermodynamic quantities but also by quantum coherence. We find that the product of the relative fluctuation and entropy production or dynamical activity is enhanced by quantum coherence in a generic class of dissipative processes of systems with nondegenerate energy levels. Our findings provide insights into the survival of the classical uncertainty relations in quantum cases.

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