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arXiv 2501.04895quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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马尔可夫开放量子系统的响应动力学不确定关系

Response kinetic uncertainty relation for Markovian open quantum systems

Xihua University(西华大学);Chengdu Academy of Educational Sciences(成都市教育科学研究院)

Kangqiao Liu, Jie Gu

AI总结:

针对连续监测的马尔可夫开放量子系统,推导了稳态下响应精度的量子动力学不确定关系,揭示了经典极限下不存在的量子响应成本项。

摘要:

随机热力学中的响应不确定关系将精度界限扩展到外部扰动下可观测量的灵敏度。这里,我们针对连续监测的马尔可夫开放量子系统,在Lindblad主方程的稳态下推导了量子响应动力学不确定关系。测量轨迹可观测量的响应精度受两个贡献的约束:传统的量子动力学活性和扰动诱导的子空间间跃迁项。后者在经典极限中不存在,并捕获了响应成本的真正量子部分。我们确定了任一贡献消失的简单条件,并通过对称性分辨分解和精确的扇区选择规则进一步阐明了子空间间项的结构。该界限及其结构在驱动二能级原子中得到了说明。

英文摘要:

Response uncertainty relations in stochastic thermodynamics extend precision bounds to the sensitivity of observables under external perturbations. Here we derive a quantum response kinetic uncertainty relation for continuously monitored Markovian open quantum systems in the steady state of the Lindblad master equation. The response precision of a measured trajectory observable is bounded by two contributions: the conventional quantum dynamical activity and a perturbation-induced intersubspace transition term. The latter is absent in the classical limit and captures a genuinely quantum part of the response cost. We identify simple conditions under which either contribution vanishes, and we further clarify the structure of the intersubspace term through a symmetry-resolved decomposition and exact sector-selection rules. The bound and its structure are illustrated in a driven two-level atom.

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