We tune the onset of optical response in aluminium kinetic inductance detectors from a natural cutoff frequency of 90 GHz to 60 GHz by applying an external magnetic field. The change in spectral response is due to the decrease of the superconducting gap, from 90 GHz at zero magnetic field to 60 GHz at a magnetic field of around 3 mT. We characterize the variation of the superconducting gap, the detector frequency shift and the internal quality factor as a function of the applied field. In principle, the magnetic field tunable response could be used to make spectroscopic measurements. In practice, the internal quality factor behaves hysteretically with the magnetic field due to the presence of vortices in the thin superconducting film. We conclude by discussing possible solutions to achieve spectroscopy measurements using kinetic inductance detectors and magnetic field.
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) provide highly multiplexed arrays of detectors that can be configured to operate from the sub-millimeter to the X-ray regime. We have examined two tungsten silicide alloys (W5Si3 and WSi2), which are dense alloys that provide a critical temperature tunable with composition, large kinetic inductance fraction, and high normal-state resistivity. We have fabricated superconducting resonators and provide measurement data on critical temperature, surface resistance, quality factor, noise, and quasiparticles lifetime. Tungsten silicide appears to be prom…
We demonstrate photon noise limited performance in both phase and amplitude readout in microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) consisting of NbTiN and Al, down to 100 fW of optical power. We simulate the far field beam pattern of the lens-antenna system used to couple radiation into the MKID and derive an aperture efficiency of 75%. This is close to the theoretical maximum of 80% for a single-moded detector. The beam patterns are verified by a detailed analysis of the optical coupling within our measurement setup.
We have fabricated an array of subgap kinetic inductance detectors (SKIDs) made of granular aluminum ($T_c\sim$2~K) sensitive in the 80-90 GHz frequency band and operating at 300~mK. We measure a noise equivalent power of $1.3\times10^{-16}$~W/Hz$^{0.5}$ on average and $2.6\times10^{-17}$~W/Hz$^{0.5}$ at best, for an illuminating power of 50~fW per pixel. Even though the circuit design of SKIDs is identical to that of the kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs), the SKIDs operating principle is based on their sensitivity to subgap excitations. This detection scheme is advantageous because it avoid…
Ultrasensitive magnetic field detection is utilized in the fields of science, medicine and industry. We report on a novel magnetometer relying on the kinetic inductance of superconducting material. The kinetic inductance exhibits a non-linear response with respect to DC current, a fact that is exploited by applying magnetic flux through a superconducting loop to generate a shielding current and a change in the inductance of the loop. The magnetometer is arranged into a resonator, allowing readout through a transmission measurement that makes the device compatible with radio frequency multiplex…
Inductance is a key parameter when optimizing the performance of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers made from the high temperature superconductor YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-x}$ (YBCO) because lower SQUID inductance $L$ leads to lower flux noise, but also weaker coupling to the pickup loop. In order to optimize the SQUID design, we combine inductance simulations and measurements to extract the different inductance contributions, and measure the dependence of the transfer function $V_Φ$ and flux noise $S_Φ^{1/2}$ on $L$. A comparison between two samples shows that the kine…
We demonstrate strong negative electrothermal feedback accelerating and linearizing the response of a thermal kinetic inductance detector (TKID). TKIDs are a proposed highly multiplexable replacement to transition-edge sensors and measure power through the temperature-dependent resonant frequency of a superconducting microresonator bolometer. At high readout probe power and probe frequency detuned from the TKID resonant frequency, we observe electrothermal feedback loop gain up to $\mathcal L$ $\approx$ 16 through measuring the reduction of settling time. We also show that the detector respons…
For X-ray imaging spectroscopy, high spatial resolution over a large field of view is often as important as high energy resolution, but current X-ray detectors do not provide both in the same device. Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors (TKIDs) are being developed as they offer a feasible way to combine the energy resolution of transition edge sensors with pixel counts approaching CCDs and thus promise significant improvements for many X-ray spectroscopy applications. TKIDs are a variation of Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) and share their multiplexibility: working MKID arrays w…
We report the detection of a gate-tunable kinetic inductance in a hybrid InAs/Al nanowire. For this purpose, we have embedded the nanowire into a quarter-wave coplanar waveguide resonator and measured the resonance frequency of the circuit. We find that the resonance frequency can be changed via the gate voltage that controls the electron density of the proximitized semiconductor and thus the nanowire inductance. Applying Mattis-Bardeen theory, we extract the gate dependence of the normal state conductivity of the nanowire, as well as its superconducting gap. Our measurements complement existi…
We have designed, fabricated and tested a frequency-tunable high-Q superconducting resonator made from a niobium titanium nitride film. The frequency tunability is achieved by injecting a DC current through a current-directing circuit into the nonlinear inductor whose kinetic inductance is current-dependent. We have demonstrated continuous tuning of the resonance frequency in a 180 MHz frequency range around 4.5 GHz while maintaining the high internal quality factor $Q_i> 180,000$. This device may serve as a tunable filter and find applications in superconducting quantum computing and measurem…
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) arrays are currently being developed and deployed for astronomical applications in the visible and near infrared and for sub-millimetre astronomy. One of the main drawbacks of MKIDs is that large arrays would exhibit a pixel yield, the percentage of individually distinguishable pixels to the total number of pixels, of 75 - 80 %. Imperfections arising during the fabrication can induce an uncontrolled shift in the resonance frequency of individual resonators which can end up resonating at the same frequency of a different resonator. This makes a numbe…
We demonstrate position and energy-resolved phonon-mediated detection of particle interactions in a silicon substrate instrumented with an array of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). The relative magnitude and delay of the signal received in each sensor allows the location of the interaction to be determined with < 1 mm precision at 30 keV. Using this position information, variations in the detector response with position can be removed, and an energy resolution of σ_E = 0.55 keV at 30 keV was measured. Since MKIDs can be fabricated from a single deposited film and are naturally m…
We carry out an experimental feasibility study of a magnetic field sensor based on the kinetic inductance of the high-$T_\mathrm{c}$ superconductor yttrium barium copper oxide. We pattern thin superconducting films into radio-frequency resonators that feature a magnetic field pick-up loop. At 77 K and for film thicknesses down to 75 nm, we observe the persistence of screening currents that modulate the loop kinetic inductance. According to the experimental results the device concept appears attractive for sensing applications in ambient magnetic field environments. We report on a device with a…
The kinetic inductance properties of a thin superconducting sample of BSCCO-2223 compound is studied. A strong dependence of kinetic inductance with the variation of applied magnetic field is found at low temperature in the superconducting state. The kinetic inductance of a thin superconductor increases linearly with increasing magnetic field. This behavior is used for designing a superconducting modulator circuit. This behavior can be useful for device applications and designing of superconducting electronic circuits like superconducting power amplifier, superconducting transmitter and superc…
Properties of superconducting nanowires set the performance level for Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPD). Reset time in commonly employed large area SNSPDs,5-10ns,is known to be limited by the nanowires kinetic inductance.On the other hand, reduction of the kinetic inductance in small area (waveguide integrated) SNSPDs prevents biasing them close to the critical current due to latching into a permanent resistive state.In order to reduce the reset time in SNSPDs, superconducting nanowires with both low kinetic inductance and fast electron energy relaxation are required. In…
Tunable responsivity and bandwidth in microwave kinetic inductance detectors via readout current nonlinearity
t0.technology；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Department of Physics and Trottier Space Institute, McGill University（麦吉尔大学物理系和特罗蒂尔太空研究所）
We investigate thin films of conducting aluminium-oxide, also known as granular aluminium, as a material for superconducting high quality, high kinetic inductance circuits. The films are deposited by an optimised reactive DC magnetron sputter process and characterised using microwave measurement techniques at milli-Kelvin temperatures. We show that, by precise control of the reactive sputter conditions, a high room temperature sheet resistance and therefore high kinetic inductance at low temperatures can be obtained. For a coplanar waveguide resonator with 1.5\,k$Ω$ sheet resistance and a kine…
We have measured and compared the response of hybrid NbTiN-Al Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) to changes in bath temperature and illumination by sub-mm radiation. We show that these two stimulants have an equivalent effect on the resonance feature of hybrid MKIDs. We determine an electrical NEP from the measured temperature responsivity, quasiparticle recombination time, superconducting transition temperature and noise spectrum, all of which can be measured in a dark environment. For the two hybrid NbTiN-Al MKIDs studied in detail the electrical NEP is within a factor of two of …
We report superconducting kinetic inductance memory (SKIM) element, which can be controlled exclusively by the bias supercurrent, without involving magnetic fields and heating elements. The SKIM is non-volatile memory. The device is made of Nb and it can operate reliable up to 2.8 K. The achieved error rate is as low as one in 100000 operations.
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have great potential for large very sensitive detector arrays for use in, for example, sub-mm imaging. Being intrinsically readout in the frequency domain, they are particularly suited for frequency domain multiplexing allowing $\sim$1000s of devices to be readout with one pair of coaxial cables. However, this moves the complexity of the detector from the cryogenics to the warm electronics. We present here the concept and experimental demonstration of the use of Fast Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FFTS) readout, showing no deterioration of the no…
Low temperature Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) are attractive candidates for producing quantumsensitive, arrayable sensors for astrophysical and other precision measurement applications. The readout uses a low frequency probe signal with quanta of energy well-below the threshold for pair-breaking in the superconductor. We have calculated the detailed non-equilibrium quasiparticle and phonon energy spectra generated by the probe signal of the KID when operating well-below its superconducting transition temperature Tc within the framework of the coupled kinetic equations described by Chang …
Granular aluminum is a promising material for high kinetic inductance devices such as qubit circuits. It has the advantage over atomically disordered materials such as NbN_x, to maintain a high kinetic inductance concomitantly with a high quality factor. We show that high quality nano-scale granular aluminum films having a sharp superconducting transition with normal state resistivity values of the order of 1x10^5 μΩcm and kinetic inductance values of the order of 10 nH/sq can be obtained, surpassing state of the art values. We argue that this is a result of the different nature of the metal-t…
We propose tunable superconducting split-ring resonators (SRRs) employing nonlinear Josephson inductance. A fraction of SRR is replaced by Nb-AlOx-Nb Josephson tunnel junctions connected in parallel and forming a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), whose inductance is sensitive to the external dc magnetic field. Due to the lumped nature of the Josephson inductance, the SRR can be made very compact and its resonance frequency can be tuned by applying magnetic field. We present the model, results of extensive EM-simulation and experimental data for the SRR weakly coupled to a tr…
We demonstrate photon-noise limited performance at sub-millimeter wavelengths in feedhorn-coupled, microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) made of a TiN/Ti/TiN trilayer superconducting film, tuned to have a transition temperature of 1.4~K. Micro-machining of the silicon-on-insulator wafer backside creates a quarter-wavelength backshort optimized for efficient coupling at 250~\micron. Using frequency read out and when viewing a variable temperature blackbody source, we measure device noise consistent with photon noise when the incident optical power is $>$~0.5~pW, corresponding to noise …
We have studied superconducting coplanar-waveguide (CPW) resonators fabricated from disordered (granular) films of Aluminum. Very high kinetic inductance of these films, inherent to disordered materials, allows us to implement ultra-short (200 $μ$m at a 5GHz resonance frequency) and high-impedance (up to 5 k$Ω$) half-wavelength resonators. We have shown that the intrinsic losses in these resonators at temperatures $\lesssim 250$ mK are limited by resonator coupling to two-level systems in the environment. The demonstrated internal quality factors are comparable with those for CPW resonators ma…
Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) are thin film, cryogenic, superconducting resonators. Incident Cooper pair-breaking radiation increases their kinetic inductance, thereby measurably lowering their resonant frequency. For a given resonant frequency, the highest MKID responsivity is obtained by maximizing the kinetic inductance fraction $α$. However, in circuits with $α$ close to unity, the low supercurrent density reduces the maximum number of readout photons before bifurcation due to self-Kerr non-linearity, therefore setting a bound for the maximum $α$ before the noise equivalen…
We present a measurement of phonon propagation in a silicon wafer utilizing an array of frequency-multiplexed superconducting resonators coupled to a single transmission line. The electronic readout permits fully synchronous array sampling with a per-resonator bandwidth of 1.2 MHz, allowing sub-$μ$s array imaging. This technological achievement is potentially vital in a variety of low-temperature applications, including single-photon counting, quantum-computing and dark-matter searches.
We have fabricated 2024 pixel microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) arrays in the ultraviolet/optical/near-IR (UVOIR) regime that are currently in use in astronomical instruments. In order to make MKIDs desirable for novel instruments, larger arrays with nearly perfect yield need to be fabricated. As array size increases, however, the percent yield often decreases due to frequency collisions in the readout. The per-pixel performance must also be improved, namely the energy resolution. We are investigating ways to reduce frequency collisions and to improve the per pixel performance of ou…
In this work, we study the current phase relation ($CΦR$) of lithographically fabricated molybdenum germanium (MoGe) nanobridges, which is intimately linked to the nanobridge kinetic inductance. We do this by imbedding the nanobridges in a SQUID. We observe that for temperatures far below $T_c$, the $CΦR$ is linear as long as the condensate is not weakened by the presence of supercurrent. We demonstrate lithographic control over the nanobridge kinetic inductance, which scales with the nanobridge aspect ratio. This allows to tune the SQUID $I_c(B)$ characteristic. The SQUID properties that can …
We demonstrate single-photon counting at 1550 nm with titanium-nitride (TiN) microwave kinetic inductance detectors. Energy resolution of 0.4 eV and arrival-time resolution of 1.2 microseconds are achieved. 0-, 1-, 2-photon events are resolved and shown to follow Poisson statistics. We find that the temperature-dependent frequency shift deviates from the Mattis-Bardeen theory, and the dissipation response shows a shorter decay time than the frequency response at low temperatures. We suggest that the observed anomalous electrodynamics may be related to quasiparticle traps or subgap states in th…
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, or MKIDs, are a type of low temperature detector that exhibit intrinsic frequency domain multiplexing at microwave frequencies. We present the first theory and measurements on a MKID based on a microstrip transmission line resonator. A complete characterization of the dielectric loss and noise properties of these resonators is performed, and agrees well with the derived theory. A competitive noise equivalent power of 5$\times10^{-17}$ W Hz$^{-1/2}$ at 1 Hz has been demonstrated. The resonators exhibit the highest quality factors known in a microstrip res…
We propose a mesoscopic kinetic-inductance radiation detector based on a long superconductor--normal metal--superconductor Josephson junction. The operation of this proximity Josephson sensor (PJS) relies on large kinetic inductance variations under irradiation due to the exponential temperature dependence of the critical current. Coupled with a dc SQUID readout, the PJS is able to provide a signal to noise (S/N) ratio up to ~10^3 in the THz regime if operated as calorimeter, while electrical noise equivalent power (NEP) as low as ~7x10^{-20} W(Hz)^(-1/2) at 200 mK can be achieved in the bolom…
We apply the superconducting proximity effect in TiN/Ti multi-layer films to tune the critical temperature, Tc, to within 10 mK with high uniformity (less than 15 mK spread) across a 75 mm wafer. Reproducible Tc's are obtained from 0.8 - 2.5 K. These films had high resistivities, > 100 uOhm-cm and internal quality factors for resonators in the GHz range on the order of 100k and higher. Both trilayers of TiN/Ti/TiN and thicker superlattice films were prepared, demonstrating a highly controlled process for films over a wide thickness range. Detectors were fabricated and showed single photon reso…
Superconducting granular aluminum is attracting increasing interest due to its high kinetic inductance and low dissipation, favoring its use in kinetic inductance particle detectors, superconducting resonators or quantum bits. We perform switching current measurements on DC-SQUIDs, obtained by introducing two identical geometric constrictions in granular aluminum rings of various normal-state resistivities in the range from $ρ_\mathrm{n} = 250\,μΩ\mathrm{cm}$ to $5550\,μΩ\mathrm{cm}$. The relative high kinetic inductance of the SQUID loop, in the range of tens of nH, leads to a suppression of …
The paper by G. R. Berdiyorov, M. V. Milosevic, and F. M. Peeters [Phys. Rev. B 81, 144511 (2010)] studies theoretically the dynamic properties of a superconducting loop. The authors claim that their consideration of asymmetric loop relates to our experimental results in this field. We point out that this claim is incorrect and explain shortly the true paradoxical essence of the results of our measurements of asymmetric superconducting loop.
We present the design and simulation methodology of a superconducting ridge-gap waveguide (RGWG) as a potential basis for mm-wave kinetic inductance travelling wave parametric amplifiers (KI-TWPAs). A superconducting RGWG was designed using Ansys HFSS to support a quasi-TEM mode of transmission over a bandwidth of 20 to 120 GHz with its internal dimensions optimised for integration with W-band rectangular waveguide. A design of an impedance loaded travelling wave structure incorporating periodic perturbations of the ridge was described. A method to simulate the nonlinear kinetic inductance via…
We report development and microwave characterization of rf SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) qubits, consisting of an aluminium-based Josephson junction embedded in a superconducting loop patterned from a thin film of TiN with high kinetic inductance. Here we demonstrate that the systems can offer small physical size, high anharmonicity, and small scatter of device parameters. The hybrid devices can be utilized as tools to shed further light onto the origin of film dissipation and decoherence in phase-slip nanowire qubits, patterned entirely from disordered superconducting fi…
We present broadband parametric amplifiers based on the kinetic inductance of superconducting NbTiN thin films in an artificial (lumped-element) transmission line architecture. We demonstrate two amplifier designs implementing different phase matching techniques: periodic impedance loadings, and resonator phase shifters placed periodically along the transmission line. Our design offers several advantages over previous CPW-based amplifiers, including intrinsic 50 ohm characteristic impedance, natural suppression of higher pump harmonics, lower required pump power, and shorter total trace length…
We address, using concepts of the microscopic theory of superconductivity, parametric amplifiers and kinetic inductance detectors focusing on the interaction of microwave radiation with the superconducting condensate. This interaction was identified recently as the source of the apparent dissipation in microwave superconducting micro-resonators at low temperatures. Since the evaluation of the performance of practical devices based only on the microwave-response is not sufficiently informative about the underlying physical processes, we propose an experimental system to measure the microscopica…
We present a compact current sensor based on a superconducting microwave lumped-element resonator with a nanowire kinetic inductor, operating at 4.2 K. The sensor is suitable for multiplexed readout in GHz range of large-format arrays of cryogenic detectors. The device consists of a lumped-element resonant circuit, fabricated from a single 4-nm-thick superconducting layer of niobium nitride. Thus, the fabrication and operation is significantly simplified in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches. Because the resonant circuit is inductively coupled to the feed line the current to be measured…
Nonequilibrium pulse dynamics and metastable latching in nonlinear kinetic inductance detectors
t0.technology（t0科技公司）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）
Kinetic Inductance of Few-Layer NbSe$_2$ in the Two-Dimensional Limit
Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院电子研究实验室）；Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院电气工程和计算机科学系）；John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University（哈佛大学约翰·A·保尔森工程与应用科学学院）；Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院物理系）；Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院林肯实验室）
The superconducting materials that make up an MKID have a significant effect on its performance. The $T_\textrm{c}$ and normal state resistivity $ρ_\textrm{N}$ of the film determine the penetration depth $λ$ and therefore how much kinetic inductance it has. The ratio of kinetic inductance to total inductance ($α$), the volume of the inductor, and $Q_\textrm{m}$ determines the magnitude of the response to incoming energy. The quasiparticle lifetime $τ_\textrm{qp}$ is the characteristic time during which the MKID's surface impedance is modified by the incoming energy. Many materials have been ex…
We characterize inductors fabricated from ultra-thin, approximately 100 nm wide strips of niobium (Nb) and niobium nitride (NbN). These nanowires have a large kinetic inductance in the superconducting state. The kinetic inductance scales linearly with the nanowire length, with a typical value of 1 nH/um for NbN and 44 pH/um for Nb at a temperature of 2.5 K. We measure the temperature and current dependence of the kinetic inductance and compare our results to theoretical predictions. We also simulate the self-resonant frequencies of these nanowires in a compact meander geometry. These nanowire …
Superconducting qubits are widely used in quantum computing research and industry. We describe a superconducting kinetic inductance qubit (and introduce the term Kineticon to describe it) operating at W-band frequencies with a nonlinear nanowire section that provides the anharmonicity required for two distinct quantum energy states. Operating the qubits at higher frequencies may relax the dilution refrigerator temperature requirements for these devices and paves the path for multiplexing a large number of qubits. Millimeter-wave operation requires superconductors with relatively high $T_c$, wh…
The surface impedance of a superconductor changes when energy is absorbed and Cooper pairs are broken to produce single electron (quasiparticle) excitations. This change may be sensitively measured using a thin-film resonant circuit called a microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID). The practical application of MKIDs for photon detection requires a method of efficiently coupling the photon energy to the MKID. We present results on position sensitive X-ray detectors made by using two aluminum MKIDs on either side of a tantalum photon absorber strip. Diffusion constants, recombination times,…
We present a theory of parametric mixing within the coplanar waveguide (CPW) of a superconducting nonlinear kinetic-inductance traveling-wave (KIT) amplifier engineered with periodic dispersion loadings. This is done by first developing a metamaterial band theory of the dispersion-engineered KIT using a Floquet-Bloch construction and then applying it to the description of mixing of the nonlinear RF traveling waves. Our theory allows us to calculate signal gain vs. signal frequency in the presence of a frequency stop gap, based solely on loading design. We present results for both three-wave mi…
Recently transport measurements have been carried out in resistively shunted long superconducting nanowires [M. W. Brenner {\it et. al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf{85}}, 224507 (2012)]. The measured voltage-current ($V$-$I$) characteristics was explained by the appearance of the phase slip centers in the shunted wire, and the whole wire was modeled as a single Josephson junction. The kinetic inductance of the long nanowires used in experiments is generally large. Here we argue that the shunted superconducting nanowire acts as a Josephson junction in series with an inductor. The inductance depends on t…
The geometric, kinetic, and total inductances and the attenuation constant are theoretically analyzed for a thin-film superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator consisting of a current-carrying central conductor, adjacent slots, and ground planes that return the current. The analysis focuses on films of thickness $d$ obeying $d < 2λ$ ($λ$ is the London penetration depth), for which the material properties are characterized by the two-dimensional screening length $Λ= 2 λ^2/d$. Introducing a cut-off procedure that guarantees that the magnitudes of the currents in the central conductor an…
Thin films of disordered superconductors such as titanium nitride (TiN) exhibit large kinetic inductance (KI), high critical temperature, and large quality factors at the single-photon level. KI nonlinearity can be exploited as an alternative to Josephson junctions for creating novel nonlinear quantum devices with the potential to operate at higher frequencies and at elevated temperatures. We study a means of magnifying KI nonlinearity by confining the current density of resonant electromagnetic modes in nanowires with a small volume $V \simeq 10^{-4}\text{um}^3$. Using this concept, we realiz…
We have fabricated planar amorphous Indium Oxide superconducting resonators ($T_c\sim2.8$ K) that are sensitive to frequency-selective radiation in the range of 7 to 10 GHz. Those values lay far below twice the superconducting gap that worths about 200 GHz. The photons detection consists in a shift of the fundamental resonance frequency. We show that the detected frequency can be adjusted by modulating the total length of the superconducting resonator. We attribute those observations to the excitation of higher-order resonance modes. The coupling between the fundamental lumped and the higher o…
Investigations into the microwave surface impedance of superconducting resonators have led to the development of single photon counters that rely on kinetic inductance for their operation. While concurrent progress in additive manufacturing, `3D printing', opens up a previously inaccessible design space for waveguide resonators. In this manuscript, we present results from the first synthesis of these two technologies in a titanium, aluminum, vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) superconducting radio frequency resonator which exploits a design unattainable through conventional fabrication means. We find that T…
Terahertz Electrodynamics and Kinetic Inductance of Disordered Titanium-Vanadium Alloy Thin Films
Free Electron Laser Utilization Laboratory, Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology（自由电子激光利用实验室，拉贾·拉曼纳先进技术中心）；Homi Bhabha National Institute（霍米·巴哈国家研究所）
