An explicit Loop Tree Duality (LTD) formula for two-loop Feynman integrals with integer power of propagators is presented and used for a numerical UV divergence subtraction algorithm. This algorithm proceeds recursively and it is based on the $\mathcal{R}$ operator and the Hopf algebraic structure of UV divergences. After a short review of LTD and the numerical evaluation of multi-loop integrals, LTD is extended to two-loop integrals with generalized powers of propagators. The $\mathcal{R}$ operator and the tadpole UV subtraction are employed for the numerical calculation of two-loop UV divergent integrals, including the case of quadratic divergences.
We proposed a recipe to systematically calculate Feynman integrals containing linear propagators using the auxiliary mass flow method. The key of the recipe is to introduce a quadratic term for each linear propagator and then using differential equations to get rid of their effects. As an application, we calculated all master integrals of vacuum integrals containing a gauge link up to four loops, and we checked the results by nontrivial dimensional recurrence relations.
It is shown that the usual expression for a Feynman diagram in terms of the Feynman propagator $Δ_F(x-y)$ can be replaced by an equivalent expression involving the positive-energy on-shell propagator $Δ^+(x-y)$, supplemented by appropriate functions associated with time-ordering. When this alternate way of expressing a Feynman diagram is Fourier transformed into momentum space, the momentum associated with each function $Δ^+(x-y)$ is on-shell, and is only conserved at each vertex if an energy is attributed to the contributions of the time-ordering functions. The resulting expression is analogo…
A new method of divergence subtraction in Feynman parametric integrals is presented. The method is suitable for calculating the lepton anomalous magnetic moments (AMM) in quantum electrodynamics (QED). The subtraction procedure eliminates all divergences before integration and leads to a finite Feynman parametric integral for each individual Feynman diagram. It is based on a forest formula with linear operators applied to the Feynman amplitudes of ultraviolet-divergent subdiagrams. The formula is similar to BPHZ; the difference is only in the linear operators used and in the way of combining t…
In this paper, the reduction of Feynman integrals in the parametric representation is considered. This method proves to be more efficient than the integration-by-part (IBP) method in the momentum space. Tensor integrals can directly be parametrized without performing tensor reductions. The integrands of parametric integrals are functions of Lorentz scalars, instead of four momenta. The complexity of a calculation is determined by the number of propagators that are present rather than the number of all the linearly independent propagators. Furthermore, the symmetries of Feynman integrals under …
The computational technique of $N$-fold Mellin-Barnes (MB) integrals, presented in a companion paper by the same authors, is used to derive sets of series representations of the massive one-loop conformal 3-point Feynman integral in various configurations. This shows the great simplicity and efficiency of the method in nonresonant cases (generic propagator powers) as well as some of its subtleties in the resonant ones (for unit propagator powers). We confirm certain results in the physics and mathematics literature and provide many new results, some of them dealing with the more general massiv…
The off-shell massless six-point double box and hexagon conformal Feynman integrals with generic propagator powers are expressed in terms of linear combinations of multiple hypergeometric series of the generalized Horn type. These results are derived from 9-fold Mellin-Barnes representations obtained from their dual conformal Feynman parameter representations. The individual terms in the presented expressions satisfy the differential equation that relates the double box in $D$ dimensions to the hexagon in $D+2$ dimensions.
Hypergeometric function method is proposed to calculate the scalar integrals of Feynman diagrams. For the scalar integral of three-loop vacuum diagram with four-propagator, we verify the equivalency of Feynman parametrization and the hypergeometric technique. The result can be described as generalized hypergeometric functions of triple variables. Based on the triple hypergeometric functions, we also establish the systems of homogeneous linear partial differential equations(PDEs) satisfied by the mentioned scalar integral. The continuation of the scalar integral from its convergent regions to w…
Recently there is an alternative reduction method proposed by Chen in [1,2]. In this paper, using the one-loop scalar integrals with propagators having higher power, we show the power of the improved version of Chen's new method in which we used some tricks to cancel the dimension shift and the terms we do not want. We present the explicit examples of bubble, triangle, box and pentagon with one propagators doubled. With these results, we have completed our previous computations in \cite{wang} with the missed tadpole coefficients.
The search for purely virtual quanta has attracted interest in the past. We consider various proposals and compare them to the concept of fake particle, or "fakeon". In particular, the Feynman-Wheeler propagator, which amounts to using the Cauchy principal value inside Feynman diagrams, violates renormalizability, unitarity and stability, due to the coexistence of the prescriptions $\pm iε$. We contrast the Feynman, fakeon and Feynman-Wheeler prescriptions in ordinary as well as cut diagrams. The fakeon does not have the problems of the Feynman-Wheeler propagator and emerges as the correct con…
In the models defined on the inhomogeneous background the propagators depend on the two space - time momenta rather than on one momentum as in the homogeneous systems. Therefore, the conventional Feynman diagrams contain extra integrations over momenta, which complicate calculations. We propose to express all amplitudes through the Wigner transformed propagators. This approach allows us to reduce the number of integrations. As a price for this the ordinary products of functions are replaced by the Moyal products. The corresponding rules of the diagram technique are formulated using an example …
Subtraction of infrared divergences in light-quark QCD sum rules
School of Physics, Southeast University（东南大学物理学院）；School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University（中山大学物理学院）；School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学物理科学学院）；College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University（渤海大学物理科学与技术学院）；Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所南方核科学理论中心）
In this manuscript, which is to appear in the proceedings of the conference "MathemAmplitude 2019" in Padova, Italy, we provide an overview of the module intersection method for the the integration-by-parts (IBP) reduction of multi-loop Feynman integrals. The module intersection method, based on computational algebraic geometry, is a highly efficient way of getting IBP relations without double propagator or with a bound on the highest propagator degree. In this manner, trimmed IBP systems which are much shorter than the traditional ones can be obtained. We apply the modern, Petri net based, wo…
