We study $\ell$-regular partitions by defining a sequence of modular forms of level $\ell$ and quadratic character which encode their $\ell$-adic behavior. We show that this sequence is congruent modulo increasing powers of $\ell$ to level $1$ modular forms of increasing weights. We then prove that certain $\mathbb{Z}/\ell^m\mathbb{Z}$-modules generated by our sequence are isomorphic to certain subspaces of level $1$ cusp forms of weight independent of the power of $\ell$, leading to a uniform bound on the ranks of those modules and consequently to $\ell$-adic relations between $\ell$-regular partition values.
In this paper, using $p$-adic analysis and $p$-adic L-functions, we show how to extend classical congruences (due to Wilson, Gauss, Dirichlet, Jacobi, Wolstenholme, Glaisher, Morley, Lemher and other people) to modulo $p^k$ for any $k>0$.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the trivial zeros of the Katz $p$-adic $L$-functions by the CM congruence. We prove the existence of trivial zeros of the Katz $p$-adic $L$-functions for general CM fields and establish a first derivative formula of the cyclotomic $p$-adic $L$-functions at trivial zeros under some Leopoldt hypothesis. The crucial ingredients in our proof are a special case of $p$-adic Kronecker limit formula for CM fields and a leading term formula of anticyclotomic $p$-adic $L$-functions at trivial zeros via the explicit congruences between CM and non-CM Hida families o…
We prove the transfer congruence between $p$-adic Hecke $L$-functions for CM fields over cyclotomic extensions, which is a non-abelian generalization of the Kummer's congruence. The ingredients of the proof include the comparison between Hilbert modular varieties, the $q$-expansion principle, and some modification of Hsieh's Whittaker model for Katz' Eisenstein series. As a first application, we prove explicit congruence between special values of Hasse-Weil $L$-function of a CM elliptic curve twisted by Artin representations. As a second application, we prove the existence of a non-commutative…
Using Dwork's theory, we prove a broad generalisation of his famous p-adic formal congruences theorem. This enables us to prove certain p-adic congruences for the generalized hypergeometric series with rational parameters; in particular, they hold for any prime number p and not only for almost all primes. Along the way, using Christol's functions, we provide an explicit formula for the "Eisenstein constant" of any globally bounded hypergeometric series with rational parameters. As an application of these results, we obtain an arithmetic statement of a new type concerning the integrality of Tay…
In recent work of Bringmann, Guerzhoy, and the first author, p-adic modular forms were constructed from mock modular forms. This paper proves explicit congruences for these p-adic modular forms.
We introduce $p$-adic Kummer spaces of continuous functions on $\mathbb{Z}_p$ that satisfy certain Kummer type congruences. We will classify these spaces and show their properties, for instance, ring properties and certain decompositions. As a result, these functions have always a fixed point, functions of certain subclasses have always a unique simple zero in $\mathbb{Z}_p$. The fixed points and the zeros are effectively computable by given algorithms. This theory can be transferred to values of Dirichlet $L$-functions at negative integer arguments. That leads to a conjecture about their stru…
We extend the work of Ash and Stevens [Ash-Stevens 97] on p-adic analytic families of p-ordinary arithmetic cohomology classes for GL(N,Q) by introducing and investigating the concept of p-adic rigidity of arithmetic Hecke eigenclasses. An arithmetic eigenclass is said to be "rigid" if (modulo twisting) it does not admit a nontrivial p-adic deformation containing a Zariski dense set of arithmetic specializations. This paper develops tools for explicit investigation into the structure of eigenvarieties for GL(N). We use these tools to prove that known examples of non-sefldual cohomological cusp…
Congruences of $p$-adic $L$-functions of modular forms at non-ordinary primes
Institute of Mathematics University of the Philippines Diliman（菲律宾大学达曼数学研究所）；Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Ottawa（渥太华大学数学与统计系）
By analyzing the coefficients of the power series defining the Kubota--Leopoldt $p$-adic $L$-function associated to the non-trivial character of a real quadratic field, we prove a congruence of Ankeny--Artin--Chowla-type for prime power modulus. Additionally, we show how some classical congruences relating Bernoulli numbers and Wilson quotients fit naturally into the theory of the $p$-adic Riemann zeta function.
Serre obtained the p-adic limit of the integral Fourier coefficient of modular forms on $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ for $p=2,3,5,7$. In this paper, we extend the result of Serre to weakly holomorphic modular forms of half integral weight on $Γ_{0}(4N)$ for $N=1,2,4$. A proof is based on linear relations among Fourier coefficients of modular forms of half integral weight. As applications we obtain congruences of Borcherds exponents, congruences of quotient of Eisentein series and congruences of values of $L$-functions at a certain point are also studied. Furthermore, the congruences of the Fourier coeff…
We develop a framework to investigate conjectures on congruences between the algebraic part of special values of $L$-functions of congruent motives. We show that algebraic local Euler factors satisfy precise interpolation properties in $p$-adic families of motives and that algebraic $p$-adic $L$-functions exist in quite large generality for $p$-adic families of automorphic motives. We formulate two conjectures refining (and correcting) the currently existing formulation of the Equivariant Tamagawa Number Conjecture with coefficients in Hecke algebras and pointing out the links between conjectu…
We consider $p$-adic families of Siegel eigenforms of genus $2$ and finite slope, defined as local pieces of an eigenvariety and equipped with a suitable integral structure. Under some assumptions on the residual image, we show that the image of the Galois representation associated with a family is big, in the sense that a Lie algebra attached to it contains a congruence subalgebra of non-zero level. We call Galois level of the family the largest such level. We show that it is trivial when the residual representation has full image. When the residual representation is a symmetric cube, the zer…
The paper starts out from pseudomeasures (in the sense of Serre) which hold the arithmetic properties of the abelian $l$-adic Artin $L$-functions over totally real number fields. In order to generalize to non-abelian $l$-adic $L$-functions, these abelian pseudomeasures must satisfy congruences which are introduced but not yet known to be true. The relation to the ``equivariant main conjecture'' of Iwasawa theory is discussed.
We define a function which extends Gaussian hypergeometric series to the $p$-adic setting. This new function allows results involving Gaussian hypergeometric series to be extended to a wider class of primes. We demonstrate this by providing various congruences between the function and truncated classical hypergeometric series. These congruences provide a framework for proving the supercongruence conjectures of Rodriguez-Villegas.
In 1992 Strauss, Shallit and Zagier proved that for any positive integer $a$ we have $$\sum_{k=0}^{3^a-1}\binom{2k}{k}=0 (mod 3^{2a})$$ and furthermore $$3^{-2a}}\sum_{k=0}^{3^a-1}\binom{2k}k=1 (mod 3).$$ Recently a $q$-analogue of the former congruence was conjectured by Guo and Zeng. In this paper we prove the Guo-Zeng conjecture and also give a $q$-analogue of the latter congruence.
In this work we prove the so-called "torsion congruences" between abelian $p$-adic $L$-functions that are related to automorphic representations of definite unitary groups. These congruences play a central role in the non-commutative Iwasawa theory as it became clear in the works of Kakde, Ritter and Weiss on the non-abelian Main Conjecture for the Tate motive. We tackle these congruences for a general definite unitary group of $n$ variables and we obtain more explicit results in the special cases of $n=1$ and $n=2$. In both of these cases we also explain their implications for some particular…
Recently Ritter and Weiss introduced an equivariant "main conjecture" than generalizes and refines the Main Conjecture of Iwasawa theory. In this paper, we show that, for the prime 2 and a dihedral extension of order 8 over Q, this conjecture is equivalent to a congruence condition on the coefficients of a power series with 2-adic integral coefficients constructed using the 2-adic L-series associated to the extension. We then verify that this congruence condition holds for the first coefficients in a large number of examples.
In this preprint we prove that any finite slope modular form fits into a p-adic family of modular forms which is indexed by the weight. Here, the term p-adic family means that p-adic congruences between weights entail certain p-adic congruences between the corresponding modular forms. We also show that the dimension of the slope subspace of the space of modular forms does not depend on the weight. Both statements are predicted by the Mazur-Gouvea Conjecture, which has been proven by Coleman using methods from rigid analytic geometry. In contrast our proof is based on a comparison of (topologic…
In this article, we consider the estimation of exponential sums along the points of the reduction mod $p^{m}$ of a $p$-adic analytic submanifold of $ \mathbb{Z}_{p}^{n}$. More precisely, we extend Igusa's stationary phase method to this type of exponential sums. We also study the number of solutions of a polynomial congruence along the points of the reduction mod $% p^{m}$ of a $p$-adic analytic submanifold of $\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{n}$. In addition, we attach a Poincare series to these numbers, and establish its rationality. In this way, we obtain geometric bounds for the number of solutions of the…
We analyze congruence classes of $S(n,k)$, the Stirling numbers of the second kind, modulo powers of 2. This analysis provides insight into a conjecture posed by Amdeberhan, Manna and Moll, which those authors established for $k\le5$. We provide a framework that can be used to justify the conjecture by computational means, which we then complete for $k=5, 6,..., 20$.
Folsom, Kent, and Ono used the theory of modular forms modulo $\ell$ to establish remarkable ``self-similarity'' properties of the partition function and give an overarching explanation of many partition congruences. We generalize their work to analyze powers $p_r$ of the partition function as well as Andrews's spt-function. By showing that certain generating functions reside in a small space made up of reductions of modular forms, we set up a general framework for congruences for $p_r$ and spt on arithmetic progressions of the form $\ell^mn+δ$ modulo powers of $\ell$. Our work gives a concept…
A major theme in the theory of $p$-adic deformations of automorphic forms is how $p$-adic $L$-functions over eigenvarieties relate to the geometry of these eigenvarieties. In this article we prove results in this vein for the ordinary part of the eigencurve (i.e. Hida families). We address how Taylor expansions of one variable $p$-adic $L$-functions varying over families can detect "bad" geometric phenomena: crossing components of a certain intersection multiplicity and ramification over the weight space. Our methods involve proving a converse to a result of Vatsal relating congruences between…
We show that if $E/\mathbb{Q}$ is an elliptic curve with a rational $p$-torsion for $p=2$ or $3$, then there is a congruence relation between Ramanujan's tau function and $E$ modulo $p$. We make use of such congruences to compute the Iwasawa invariants of $2$-adic and $3$-adic Mazur--Tate elements attached to Ramanujan's tau function. We also investigate numerically the Iwasawa invariants of the Mazur--Tate elements attached to an elliptic curve with additive reduction at a fixed prime number.
We prove a formula (analogous to that of Kida in classical Iwasawa theory and generalizing that of Hachimori-Matsuno for elliptic curves) giving the analytic and algebraic p-adic Iwasawa invariants of a modular eigenform over an abelian p-extension of Q to its p-adic Iwasawa invariants over Q. On the algebraic side our methods, which make use of congruences between modular forms, yield a Kida-type formula for a very general class of ordinary Galois representations. We are further able to deduce a Kida-type formula for elliptic curves at supersingular primes.
We generalize the work of Ohta on the congruence modules attached to elliptic Eisenstein series to the setting of Hilbert modular forms. Our work involves three parts. In the first part, we construct Eisenstein series adelically and compute their constant terms by computing local integrals. In the second part, we prove a control theorem for one-variable ordinary $Λ$-adic Hilbert modular forms following Hida's work on the space of multivariable ordinary $Λ$-adic Hilbert cusp forms. In part three, we compute congruence modules related to Hilbert Eisenstein series through an analog of Ohta's meth…
Let $p$ be a prime. In this paper, we present a detailed $p$-adic analysis to factorials and double factorials and their congruences. We give good bounds for the $p$-adic sizes of the coefficients of the divided universal Bernoulli number ${{\hat B_n}\over n}$ when $n$ is divisible by $p-1$. Using these we then establish the universal Kummer congruences modulo powers of a prime $p$ for the divided universal Bernoulli numbers ${{\hat B_n}\over n}$ when $n$ is divisible by $p-1$.
In this paper we study special bases of certain spaces of half-integral weight weakly holomorphic modular forms. We establish a criterion for the integrality of Fourier coefficients of such bases. By using recursive relations between Hecke operators, we derive relations of Fourier coefficients of each basis element and obtain congruences of the Fourier coefficients, which extend known congruences for traces of singular moduli.
We use the theta lift to study the multiplicity with which certain automorphic representations of cohomological type occur in a family of congruence covers of an arithmetic manifold. When the family of covers is a so-called `p-adic congruence tower' we obtain sharp asymptotics for the number of representations which occur as lifts. When combined with theorems on the surjectivity of the theta lift due to Howe and Li, and Bergeron, Millson and Moeglin, this allows us to verify certain cases of a conjecture of Sarnak and Xue.
In this paper we study when two congruent $l$-adic Galois representations have congruent Selmer groups. We obtain results for representations from cyclotomic characters, Hecke characters and adjoints of modular forms.
We consider the Galois representation associated with a finite slope $p$-adic family of modular forms. We prove that the Lie algebra of its image contains a congruence Lie subalgebra of a non-trivial level. We describe the largest such level in terms of the congruences of the family with $p$-adic CM forms.
The rank one Gross conjecture for Deligne-Ribet $p$-adic $L$-functions was solved in works of Darmon-Dasgupta-Pollack and Ventullo by the Eisenstein congruence among Hilbert modular forms. The purpose of this paper is to prove an analogue of the Gross conjecture for the Katz $p$-adic $L$-functions attached to imaginary quadratic fields via the congruences between CM forms and non-CM forms. The new ingredient is to apply the $p$-adic Rankin-Selberg method to construct a non-CM Hida family which is congruent to a Hida family of CM forms at the $1+\varepsilon$ specialization.
We give two congruence properties of Hermitian modular forms of degree 2 over $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-1})$ and $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3})$. The one is a congruence criterion for Hermitian modular forms which is generalization of Sturm's theorem. Another is the well-definedness of the $p$-adic weight for Hermitian modular forms.
We show that the $p$-adic KZ connection associated with the family of curves $y^q=(t-z_1)\dots (t-z_{qg+1})$ has an invariant subbundle of rank $g$, while the corresponding complex KZ connection has no nontrivial proper subbundles due to the irreducibility of its monodromy representation. The construction of the invariant subbundle is based on new Dwork--type congruences for associated Hasse--Witt matrices.
The theory of monstrous moonshine asserts that the coefficients of Hauptmoduln, including the $j$-function, coincide precisely with the graded characters of the monster module, an infinite-dimensional graded representation of the monster group. On the other hand, Lehner and Atkin proved that the coefficients of the $j$-function satisfy congruences modulo $p^n$ for $p \in \{2, 3, 5, 7, 11\}$, which led to the theory of $p$-adic modular forms. We combine these two aspects of the $j$-function to give a general theory of congruences modulo powers of primes satisfied by the Hauptmoduln appearing in…
In this paper we give an example of a noncongruence subgroup whose three-dimensional space of cusp forms of weight 3 has the following properties. For each of the four residue classes of odd primes modulo 8 there is a basis whose Fourier coefficients at infinity satisfy a three-term Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer congruence relation, which is the $p$-adic analogue of the three-term recursion satisfied by the coefficients of classical Hecke eigen forms. We also show that there is an automorphic $L$-function over $\mathbb Q$ whose local factors agree with those of the $l$-adic Scholl representations …
In this brief note, we consider p-adic unit roots or poles of L-functions of exponential sums defined over finite fields. In particular, we look at the number of unit roots or poles, and a congruence relation on the units. This raises a question in arithmetic mirror symmetry.
For primes $p>3$ we produce a new derivation of the universal $p$-adic sigma function and $p$-adic Weierstrass zeta functions of Mazur and Tate for ordinary elliptic curves by a method that highlights congruences among coefficients in Laurent expansions of elliptic functions, and works simultaneously for generalized elliptic curves defined by Weierstrass equations.
We study the behaviour of ordinary parts of the homology modules of modular curves, associated to a decreasing sequence of congruence subgroups $Γ_1(N2^r)$ for $r \geq 2$, and prove a control theorem for these homology modules.
In this paper, we consider normalized newforms $f\in S_k(Γ_0(N),\varepsilon_f)$ whose non-constant term Fourier coefficients are congruent to those of an Eisenstein series modulo some prime ideal above a rational prime $p$. In this situation, we establish a congruence between the anticyclotomic $p$-adic $L$-function of Bertolini-Darmon-Prasanna and the Katz two-variable $p$-adic $L$-function. From this, we derive congruences between images under the $p$-adic Abel-Jacobi map of certain generalized Heegner cycles attached to $f$ and special values of the Katz $p$-adic $L$-function. In particular…
We prove explicit congruences modulo powers of arbitrary primes for three smallest parts functions: one for partitions, one for overpartitions, and one for partitions without repeated odd parts. The proofs depend on $\ell$-adic properties of certain modular forms and mock modular forms of weight $3/2$ with respect to the Hecke operators $T(\ell^{2m})$.
Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer congruences are special congruence recursions satisfied by coefficients of noncongruence modular forms. These are in some sense $p$-adic analogues of Hecke recursion satisfied by classic Hecke eigenforms. They actually appeared in different context and sometimes can be obtained using the theory of formal groups. In this survey paper, we introduce the Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer congruences, and discuss some recent progress on this topic.
We prove a commutative algebra result which has consequences for congruences between automorphic forms modulo prime powers. If C denotes the congruence module for a fixed automorphic Hecke eigenform π_0 we prove an exact relation between the p-adic valuation of the order of C and the sum of the exponents of p-power congruences between the Hecke eigenvalues of π_0 and other automorphic forms. We apply this result to several situations including the congruences described by Mazur's Eisenstein ideal.
Let $p$ be a prime. We discuss methods of solution of congruences modulo $p^n$ using $p$-adic numbers; these methods are similar to computations with real numbers (local methods). Examples of relations between local and global methods are given producing a passage from congruences to solutions in integers (global methods). The use of a computer is illistrated for the study of $p$-adic numbers and algebraic curves.
