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arXiv 2407.04853gr-qc
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负宇宙学常数下2+1维时空的两体问题:两个点粒子

The two-body problem in 2+1 spacetime dimensions with negative cosmological constant: two point particles

Carsten Gundlach

AI总结:

该研究针对负宇宙学常数的2+1维广义相对论两体问题,限定研究点粒子及无质量等价情形,推导了系统总质量与自旋的解析表达式,推测黑洞形成阈值,并确定了不同全局几何形态的条件。

摘要:

我们致力于求解负宇宙学常数下2+1维广义相对论中两体问题的通解。对应黑洞、点粒子和过转粒子的BTZ解,既可被视为独立的客体,也可被视为具有给定质量$M$和自旋$J$的致密天体(如旋转流体星)的外部解。我们对比了两种刻画BTZ解的方法:度规方法,以及将其表征为2+1维反德西特时空在等距映射下的等同空间的群论方法。随后我们转向两体问题。在本文中,我们将两个天体限定在点粒子范围$|J|-1\f M<-|J|$内,或是通过无穷大洛伦兹 boost 得到的无质量等价情形(反德西特空间和无质量粒子均满足$M=-1$、$J=0$)。我们推导了系统总质量$M_\text{tot}$和总自旋$J_\text{tot}$的解析表达式,它们由两粒子系统的六个规范不变参数决定:每个天体的静质量和自旋,以及轨道的碰撞参数和能量。基于Holst和Matschull关于两个无质量、无自旋粒子情形的工作,我们推测黑洞形成的阈值为$M_\text{tot}=|J_\text{tot}|$,此时的阈值解为极端黑洞。我们还确定了整体几何为黑洞、永恒双星系统或闭合宇宙的条件。

英文摘要:

We work towards the general solution of the two-body problem in 2+1-dimensional general relativity with a negative cosmological constant. The BTZ solutions corresponding to black holes, point particles and overspinning particles can be considered either as objects in their own right, or as the exterior solution of compact objects with a given mass $M$ and spin $J$, such as rotating fluid stars. We compare and contrast the metric approach to the group-theoretical one of characterising the BTZ solutions as identifications of 2+1-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime under an isometry. We then move on to the two-body problem. In this paper, we restrict the two objects to the point particle range $|J|-1\le M<-|J|$, or their massless equivalents, obtained by an infinite boost. (Both anti-de Sitter space and massless particles have $M=-1$, $J=0$). We derive analytic expressions for the total mass $M_\text{tot}$ and spin $J_\text{tot}$ of the system in terms of the six gauge-invariant parameters of the two-particle system: the rest mass and spin of each object, and the impact parameter and energy of the orbit. Based on work of Holst and Matschull on the case of two massless, nonspinning particles, we conjecture that the black hole formation threshold is $M_\text{tot}=|J_\text{tot}|$. The threshold solutions are then extremal black holes. We determine when the global geometry is a black hole, an eternal binary system, or a closed universe.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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