arXiv 2406.015962024-06hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th

逆相变的流体动力学

The hydrodynamics of inverse phase transitions

Giulio Barni, Simone Blasi, Miguel Vanvlasselaer

备注：: 29 pages + appendices; typos corrected, v2 matchs with JCAP
发表信息：: JCAP10(2024)042
DOI：: 10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10/042

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AI总结：

本文首次研究逆相变的流体动力学与能量收支，发现其泡膨胀模式可由直接相变模式经镜像对称联系，并分析泡壁摩擦及失控可能性。

摘要：

一阶相变是剧烈现象，发生在宇宙状态从一个真空突然演化到另一个真空时。直接相变将零温势的一个局域真空连接到一个更深的真空，两个极小值之间的能量差表现为泡壁的加速。从这个意义上说，该相变由真空能的释放触发。另一方面，逆相变将零温势的一个更深极小值连接到一个更高的极小值，泡实际上逆着真空能膨胀。因此，该相变完全由热修正触发。我们首次研究了逆相变的流体动力学和能量收支。我们发现逆相变泡的若干膨胀模式，它们通过一种镜像对称性与直接相变的已知模式相关联。最后，我们研究了施加在泡壁上的摩擦，并评述了逆相变中泡壁失控的可能性。

英文摘要：

First order phase transitions are violent phenomena that occur when the state of the universe evolves abruptly from one vacuum to another. A \emph{direct} phase transition connects a local vacuum to a deeper vacuum of the zero--temperature potential, and the energy difference between the two minima manifests itself in the acceleration of the bubble wall. In this sense, the transition is triggered by the release of vacuum energy. On the other hand, an \emph{inverse} phase transition connects a deeper minimum of the zero--temperature potential to a higher one, and the bubble actually expands against the vacuum energy. The transition is then triggered purely by thermal corrections. We study for the first time the hydrodynamics and the energy budget of inverse phase transitions. We find several modes of expansion for inverse bubbles, which are related to the known ones for direct transitions by a mirror symmetry. We finally investigate the friction exerted on the bubble wall and comment on the possibility of runaway walls in inverse phase transitions.

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