The Grundy (or First-Fit) chromatic number of a graph $G=(V,E)$, denoted by $Γ(G)$ (or $χ_{_{\sf FF}}(G)$), is the maximum number of colors used by a First-Fit (greedy) coloring of $G$. To determine $Γ(G)$ is NP-complete for various classes of graphs. Also there exists a constant $c>0$ such that the Grundy number is hard to approximate within the ratio $c$. We first obtain an $\mathcal{O}(VE)$ algorithm to determine the Grundy number of block graphs i.e. graphs in which every biconnected component is complete subgraph. We prove that the Grundy number of a general graph $G$ with cut-vertices is upper bounded by the Grundy number of a block graph corresponding to $G$. This provides a reasonable upper bound for the Grundy number of graphs with cut-vertices. Next, define $Δ_2(G)={\max}_{u\in G}~ {\max}_{v\in N(u):d(v)\leq d(u)} d(v)$. We obtain an $\mathcal{O}(VE)$ algorithm to determine $Γ(G)$ for graphs $G$ whose girth $g$ is at least $2Δ_2(G)+1$. This algorithm provides a polynomial time approximation algorithm within ratio $\min \{1, (g+1)/(2Δ_2(G)+2)\}$ for $Γ(G)$ of general graphs $G$ with girth $g$.
We prove that there are intersection graphs of axis-aligned boxes in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and intersection graphs of straight lines in $\mathbb{R}^3$ that have arbitrarily large girth and chromatic number.
Sharp bounds for the fractional chromatic number of high-girth $d$-degenerate graphs
The London School of Economics and Political Science(伦敦政治经济学院);University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校);The University of Victoria(维多利亚大学)
We study the computational efficiency of approaches, based on Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, which use systems of linear equations for detecting non-colorability of graphs having large girth and chromatic number. We show that for every non-$k$-colorable graph with $n$ vertices and girth $g>4k$, the algorithm is required to solve systems of size at least $n^{Ω(g)}$ in order to detect its non-$k$-colorability.
The Coloring Game on Planar Graphs with Large Girth, by a result on Sparse Cactuses
我们用$χ$ g(G)表示图G的游戏色数,它是Alice在G上赢得着色游戏所需的最小颜色数.我们从Montassier et al. [M. Montassier,P. Ossona de Mendez,A. Raspaud和X. Zhu,Decomposing a graph into forests,J. Graph Theory Ser. B,102(1):38-52,2012],并且独立地,从Wang和Zhang,[Y. Wang和Q.张某Decomposing a planar graph with girth at least 8 into a forest and a matching,Discrete Maths,311:844-849,2011] that planar graphs with girth at least 8 have game chromatic number at most 5.人们可能会问,对于足够大的围长,这个5的界是否可以改进。在本文中,我们证明它不能。不仅如此,我们还证明了存在仙人掌CT(即每条边最多只属于一个圈的图)的$χ$ g(CT)= 5,尽管其圈长任意大,甚至圈间距离任意大.
We introduce a new method for computing bounds on the independence number and fractional chromatic number of classes of graphs with local constraints, and apply this method in various scenarios. We establish a formula that generates a general upper bound for the fractional chromatic number of triangle-free graphs of maximum degree~$Δ\ge 3$. This upper bound matches that deduced from the fractional version of Reed's bound for small values of~$Δ$, and improves it when~$Δ\ge 17$, transitioning smoothly to the best possible asymptotic regime, barring a breakthrough in Ramsey theory. Focusing on sm…
We introduce the fractional version of oriented coloring and initiate its study. We prove some basic results and study the parameter for directed cycles and sparse planar graphs. In particular, we show that for every $ε> 0$, there exists an integer $g_ε \geq 12$ such that any oriented planar graph having girth at least $g_ε$ has fractional oriented chromatic number at most $4+ε$. Whereas, it is known that there exists an oriented planar graph having girth at least $g_ε$ with oriented chromatic number equal to $5$. We also study the fractional oriented chromatic number of directed cycles and pr…
We consider acyclic r-colorings in graphs and digraphs: they color the vertices in r colors, each of which induces an acyclic graph or digraph. (This includes the dichromatic number of a digraph, and the arboricity of a graph.) For any girth and sufficiently high degree, we prove the NP-completeness of acyclic r-colorings; our method also implies the known analogue for classical colorings. The proofs use high girth graphs with high arboricity and dichromatic numbers. High girth graphs and digraphs with high chromatic and dichromatic numbers have been well studied; we re-derive the results from…