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arXiv 2403.04409astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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67P/丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星的彗星离子漂移能量与温度

Cometary ion drift energy and temperature at comet 67P-Churyumov/Gerasimeko

Hayley N. Williamson, Annie Johansson, Romain Canu-Blot, Gabriella Stenberg Wieser, Hans Nilsson, Fredrik L. Johansson, Anja Moeslinger

AI总结:

针对罗塞塔号ICA观测低能彗星离子受航天器电位影响、密度估算偏低的问题,研究通过数据筛选、电位校正与漂移麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布拟合,得到3521次扫描的彗星离子漂移能量和温度,分析了其与日心距离等的关联。

摘要:

罗塞塔号航天器搭载的离子成分分析仪(Ion Composition Analyzer,ICA)对67P/丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星周围的太阳风与彗星电离层开展了近两年的观测。然而,低能彗星离子的观测受到航天器高负电位的影响,ICA估算的离子密度往往远低于其他仪器测得的等离子体密度。由于低能彗星离子通常是等离子体环境中密度最高的粒子群,因此了解其特性仍具有重要意义。为此,我们在整个任务期间选取了密度与罗塞塔号朗缪尔探针(Langmuir Probe,LAP)/互阻抗探针测得值相当的ICA数据。随后,我们针对每次能量-角度扫描的彗星离子能量分布进行了航天器电位校正,并拟合漂移麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布,由此得到3521次扫描的漂移能量与温度估算值。结果显示,漂移能量通常在11–18 eV之间,温度在0.5–1 eV之间。该漂移能量与同期已发表的LAP测得的离子流速结果吻合良好,且远高于彗星中性粒子速度。在最接近近日点的能谱中,我们观测到额外的高能彗星离子,其既可能符合第二种麦克斯韦分布,也可能符合卡帕分布。能量与温度和日心距离呈负相关,但变化斜率较小。目前无法定量确定这一趋势主要是由日心距离导致,还是由航天器到彗星的距离导致——后者随日心距离减小而增大。

英文摘要:

The Ion Composition Analyzer (ICA) on the Rosetta spacecraft observed both the solar wind and the cometary ionosphere around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for nearly two years. However, observations of low energy cometary ions were affected by a highly negative spacecraft potential, and the ICA ion density estimates were often much lower than plasma densities found by other instruments. Since the low energy cometary ions are often the highest density population in the plasma environment, it is nonetheless desirable to understand their properties. To do so, we select ICA data with densities comparable to those of Rosetta's Langmuir Probe (LAP)/Mutual Impedance Probe throughout the mission. We then correct the cometary ion energy distribution of each energy-angle scan for spacecraft potential and fit a drifting Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, which gives an estimate of the drift energy and temperature for 3521 scans. The resulting drift energy is generally between 11--18 eV and the temperature between 0.5--1 eV. The drift energy shows good agreement with published ion flow speeds from LAP during the same time period and is much higher than the cometary neutral speed. We see additional higher energy cometary ions in the spectra closest to perihelion, which can either be a second Maxwellian or a kappa distribution. The energy and temperature are negatively correlated with heliocentric distance, but the slope of the change is small. It cannot be quantitatively determined whether this trend is primarily due to heliocentric distance or spacecraft distance to the comet, which increased with decreasing heliocentric distance.

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