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2004 - 2006年67 P/丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星的尘埃轨迹

The Dust Trail of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko between 2004 and 2006

Jessica Agarwal, Michael Mueller, William T. Reach, Mark V. Sykes, Hermann Boehnhardt, Eberhard Gruen

摘要:

本文报道了用ESO/MPG 2.2米望远镜在远日点前4.7天文单位处的宽视场成像仪在可见光下对67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko(CG)彗星尘埃尾的观测结果,以及用斯皮策空间望远镜在远日点前后5.7天文单位处的MIPS仪器在24微米处对67 P/CG彗星尘埃尾的观测结果。在我们的观测中,这颗彗星似乎并不活跃。我们的图像探测了从彗星发出的大尘埃颗粒,其辐射压力参数β <0.01。我们比较我们的观察与模拟图像产生的动力学模型的彗星尘埃和约束的排放速度,尺寸分布,生产率和几何尺寸的尘埃。我们实现了最好的拟合我们的数据与微分尺寸分布指数为-4.1,和发射速度为β =0.01粒子的25 m/s在近日点和2 m/s在3 AU。在我们的模型中的尘埃产生率是在1000公斤/秒的顺序在近日点和1公斤/秒在3 AU,我们需要一个尘埃几何常数在0.022和0.044之间。大粒子(>10微米)的产生率需要重现尾迹的亮度,这足以解释彗星在3天文单位内观察到的彗发亮度,我们推断CG彗发的横截面可能主要由60-600微米量级的颗粒组成。

英文摘要:

We report on observations of the dust trail of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (CG) in visible light with the Wide Field Imager at the ESO/MPG 2.2m telescope at 4.7 AU before aphelion, and at 24 micron with the MIPS instrument on board the Spitzer Space Telescope at 5.7 AU both before and after aphelion. The comet did not appear to be active during our observations. Our images probe large dust grains emitted from the comet that have a radiation pressure parameter beta<0.01. We compare our observations with simulated images generated with a dynamical model of the cometary dust and constrain the emission speeds, size distribution, production rate and geometric albedo of the dust. We achieve the best fit to our data with a differential size distribution exponent of -4.1, and emission speeds for a beta=0.01 particle of 25 m/s at perihelion and 2 m/s at 3 AU. The dust production rate in our model is on the order of 1000 kg/s at perihelion and 1 kg/s at 3 AU, and we require a dust geometric albedo between 0.022 and 0.044. The production rates of large (>10 micron) particles required to reproduce the brightness of the trail are sufficient to also account for the coma brightness observed while the comet was inside 3 AU, and we infer that the cross-section in the coma of CG may be dominated by grains of the order of 60-600 micron.

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