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arXiv 2403.01282q-bio.PEmath.CO
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关于系统发育树的NNI邻域中少替换数据下最大简约法正确性的研究

On the correctness of Maximum Parsimony for data with few substitutions in the NNI neighborhood of phylogenetic trees

Mareike Fischer

AI总结:

本文推广了关于最大简约法正确性的已有结果,证明在特定条件下(如n≥12k),包含所有在树T上需要k次替换的二元性状的比对在T的NNI邻域内以T为唯一最简约树,部分肯定地回答了一个猜想,并构造了k约为n/2时NNI邻居间简约性反转的反例。

摘要:

从比对序列数据(如DNA、RNA或蛋白质)估计系统发育树(即描述不同物种之间关系的树)是进化生物学的主要目标之一。然而,像最大简约法这样的树重建准则并不一定导致唯一的树,在某些情况下甚至无法识别“正确”的树(即数据在其上生成的树)。另一方面,最近的一项研究表明,对于一个比对,如果它恰好包含那些在给定树上需要最多两次替换的二元性状(位点),那么这棵树将是唯一的最大简约树。本文的目的是在以下意义上推广这一最近的结果:我们证明,对于一棵具有n个叶子的树T,只要k < n/8 + 11/9 - (1/18)√(9·(n/4)² + 16)(或等价地,n > 9k - 11 + √(9k² - 22k + 17),这尤其对所有n ≥ 12k成立),那么对于包含所有在T上需要(最多或恰好)k次替换的二元性状的比对,最大简约树在T的NNI邻域中将是唯一的,并且它也将与T重合。换句话说,在T的NNI邻域内,T是所述比对的唯一最简约树。这肯定性地部分回答了一个最近发表的猜想。此外,我们证明,对于n ≥ 8且k处于n/2的数量级时,总存在一对系统发育树T和T',它们是NNI邻居,但对于在T上每个性状恰好需要k次替换的性状比对,在T'上总共需要更少的替换。

英文摘要:

Estimating phylogenetic trees, which depict the relationships between different species, from aligned sequence data (such as DNA, RNA, or proteins) is one of the main aims of evolutionary biology. However, tree reconstruction criteria like maximum parsimony do not necessarily lead to unique trees and in some cases even fail to recognize the \enquote{correct} tree (i.e., the tree on which the data was generated). On the other hand, a recent study has shown that for an alignment containing precisely those binary characters (sites) which require up to two substitutions on a given tree, this tree will be the unique maximum parsimony tree. It is the aim of the present paper to generalize this recent result in the following sense: We show that for a tree $T$ with $n$ leaves, as long as $k<\frac{n}{8}+\frac{11}{9}-\frac{1}{18}\sqrt{9\cdot \left(\frac{n}{4}\right)^2+16}$ (or, equivalently, $n>9 k-11+\sqrt{9k^2-22 k+17} $, which in particular holds for all $n\geq 12k$), the maximum parsimony tree for the alignment containing all binary characters which require (up to or precisely) $k$ substitutions on $T$ will be unique in the NNI neighborhood of $T$ and it will coincide with $T$, too. In other words, within the NNI neighborhood of $T$, $T$ is the unique most parsimonious tree for the said alignment. This partially answers a recently published conjecture affirmatively. Additionally, we show that for $n\geq 8$ and for $k$ being in the order of $\frac{n}{2}$, there is always a pair of phylogenetic trees $T$ and $T'$ which are NNI neighbors, but for which the alignment of characters requiring precisely $k$ substitutions each on $T$ in total requires fewer substitutions on $T'$.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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