Most of the existing quantum neural network models, such as variational quantum circuits (VQCs), are limited in their ability to explore the non-linear relationships in input data. This gradually becomes the main obstacle for it to tackle realistic applications, such as natural language processing, medical image processing, and wireless communications. Recently, there have emerged research efforts that enable VQCs to perform non-linear operations. However, it is still unclear on the approximability of a given VQC (i.e., the order of non-linearity that can be handled by a specified design). In response to this issue, we developed an automated tool designed to benchmark the approximation of a given VQC. The proposed tool will generate a set of synthetic datasets with different orders of non-linearity and train the given VQC on these datasets to estimate their approximability. Our experiments benchmark VQCs with different designs, where we know their theoretic approximability. We then show that the proposed tool can precisely estimate the approximability, which is consistent with the theoretic value, indicating that the proposed tool can be used for benchmarking the approximability of a given quantum circuit for learning tasks.
Benchmarking Variational Quantum Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization in Practice
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin（柏林洪堡大学）；Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY（德国电子同步加速器）；Northeastern University - London（东北大学伦敦分校）；Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University（东北大学科里计算机学院）；Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute（塞浦路斯研究所计算科学与技术研究中心）
Statistical Benchmarking of Optimization Methods for Variational Quantum Eigensolver under Quantum Noise
IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava（IT4Innovations国家超级计算中心，俄斯特拉发理工大学）；Gran Sasso Science Institute（格兰萨索科学研究所）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；VSB-Technical University of Ostrava（俄斯特拉发理工大学）；Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University（克莱佩达大学海洋研究所）；Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM（蒙彼利埃大学，法国国家科学研究中心，国立高等化学学院）；Università dell’Aquila（阿奎拉大学）
Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography（河南省量子信息与密码学重点实验室）；Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences（北京量子信息科学研究院）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）
Adaptive Rotation for iSOMA: Geometry, Benchmarking, and Noise Robustness in Variational Quantum Objectives
VSB-Technical University of Ostrava（俄斯特拉发科技大学）；IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava（俄斯特拉发科技大学 IT4创新国家超级计算中心）；Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University（克莱佩达大学海洋研究所）
Cross-Platform Benchmarking of Near-Term Quantum Optimisation Algorithms
National Quantum Computing Centre（国家量子计算中心）；Rutherford Appleton Laboratory（拉瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室）；University of Strathclyde（斯特拉斯克莱德大学）；Capgemini UK PLC（凯捷英国有限公司）；Capgemini Quantum Lab（凯捷量子实验室）
Exponential Scaling Barriers for Variational Quantum Eigensolvers
Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA（弗劳恩霍夫制造工程和自动化研究所）；Institute of Industrial Manufacturing and Management IFF, University of Stuttgart（斯图加特大学工业制造与管理研究所）；Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences（海布隆应用技术大学）；Hochschule Esslingen (University of Applied Sciences)（埃斯林根应用技术大学）；Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO（弗劳恩霍夫工业工程研究所）
A Modular Benchmark of Variational Quantum Attack Algorithms for S-DES
Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area（粤港澳大湾区量子科学中心）；State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University（清华大学物理系低维量子物理国家重点实验室）；Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences（北京量子信息科学研究院）
Entanglement Detection with Variational Quantum Interference: Theory and Experiment
Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学物理科学学院）；Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学上海量子科学研究中心及中国科学院量子信息重点实验室）；Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University（清华大学交叉信息研究院量子信息中心）；Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学合肥国家实验室）
Benchmarking Quantum Simulations of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Model Using Large Tensor Networks
The Washington Institute for STEM Entrepreneurship and Research (WISER)（华盛顿STEM创业与研究研究所）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland（马里兰大学量子信息与计算科学联合中心）；Naval Nuclear Laboratory（海军核实验室）；IBM Quantum, IBM Research（IBM量子，IBM研究院）；Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute（伦斯勒理工学院）
