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arXiv 2402.01309astro-ph.GA
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数十年时间尺度上演化恒星的水脉泽发射模式

Patterns in water maser emission of evolved stars on the timescale of decades

Jan Brand, Dieter Engels, Anders Winnberg

AI总结:

本研究通过长期监测结合干涉观测,以演化恒星的水脉泽为对象,识别出三类变异性,探明了不同区域脉泽云团的寿命差异及稳定激发区的存在。

摘要:

我们介绍了过往及当前针对演化恒星周包层水脉泽的长期监测项目,辅以偶发的干涉观测。以米拉变星U Her为例,我们识别出三类变异性:周期性(随光学变化)、长期(数年至数十年)和短期不规则(数周至数月)。研究表明,脉泽壳层中存在激发条件适宜的区域,可保持稳定多年。风加速区内脉泽云团的寿命最长可达数年左右。对于该区域外的特殊脉泽云团(如RT Vir中的情况),或在某些可追踪光谱特征运动达整个20年监测周期的案例中(如红超巨星VX Sgr),则发现了长得多的寿命。

英文摘要:

We present our past and current long-term monitoring program of water masers in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars, augmented by occasional interferometric observations. Using as example the Mira-variable U Her, we identify three types of variability: periodic (following the optical variation), long-term (years-decades) and short-term irregular (weeks-months). We show there are regions in the maser shell where excitation conditions are favourable, which remain stable for many years. Lifetimes of maser clouds in the wind-acceleration zone are of the order of up to a few years. Much longer lifetimes are found for the peculiar case of a maser cloud outside that zone (as in RT Vir), or in some cases where the motion of spectral features can be followed for the entire 2 decade monitoring period (as in red supergiant VX Sgr).

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