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arXiv 1004.3689astro-ph.GA
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高质量恒星形成区的I类和II类甲醇脉泽

Class I and Class II methanol masers in high-mass star forming regions

F. Fontani, R. Cesaroni, R. S. Furuya

摘要:

在大质量恒星形成过程的早期阶段的示踪剂中,甲醇脉泽越来越重要。I类和II类甲醇脉泽之间的现象学区别是基于它们与喷流、核心和超紧凑HII区域等物体的空间关联,但也被认为对应于不同的泵浦机制:II类脉泽的辐射,I类脉泽的碰撞。在这项工作中,我们已经调查了大量的大质量恒星形成区的样本- 296个对象分为两组命名为'高'和'低'根据他们的IRAS颜色[25-12]和[60-12]-在I类和II类甲醇脉泽。以前的研究表明,高源可能更进化。因此,样品可以用来评估存在的序列发生的I类和II类甲醇脉泽在大质量恒星形成区域的演变。我们用Effelsberg 100米望远镜观测了6 GHz(Class II)CH_3OH脉泽,用Nobeyama 45米望远镜观测了44 GHz和95 GHz(Class I)CH_3OH脉泽。我们检测到:55个源在II类线路中(12个新探测); 27个源在44 GHz I类线路中(17个新探测); 11个源在95 GHz I类线路中(除一个外均为新探测)。我们的统计分析表明,在高低源中,第二类和第一类甲醇脉泽的探测率之比基本相同。因此,这两个脉泽是平等地与每个演化阶段。相比之下,所有脉泽种类在高源中的检测率比在低源中的检测率高约3倍。这可能表明,在高质量恒星形成区的最早演化阶段,所有脉泽的起源现象随着时间的推移变得越来越活跃。

英文摘要:

Among the tracers of the earliest phases in the massive star formation process, methanol masers have gained increasing importance. The phenomenological distinction between Class I and II methanol masers is based on their spatial association with objects such as jets, cores, and ultracompact HII regions, but is also believed to correspond to different pumping mechanisms: radiation for Class II masers, collisions for Class I masers. In this work, we have surveyed a large sample of massive star forming regions - 296 objects divided into two groups named 'High' and 'Low' according to their [25-12] and [60-12] IRAS colours - in Class I and II methanol masers. Previous studies indicate that the High sources are likely more evolved. Therefore, the sample can be used to assess the existence of a sequence for the occurrence of Class I and II methanol masers during the evolution of a massive star forming region. We observed the 6 GHz (Class II) CH3OH maser with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope, and the 44 GHz and 95 GHz (Class I) CH3OH masers with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope. We have detected: 55 sources in the Class II line (12 new detections); 27 sources in the 44 GHz Class I line (17 new detections); 11 sources in the 95 GHz Class I line (all except one are new detections). Our statistical analysis shows that the ratio between the detection rates of Class II and Class I methanol masers is basically the same in High and Low sources. Therefore, both masers are equally associated with each evolutionary phase. In contrast, all maser species have about 3 times higher detection rates in High than in Low sources. This might indicate that the phenomena that originate all masers become progressively more active with time, during the earliest evolutionary phases of a high-mass star forming region.

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