This paper investigates the role of text in visualizations, specifically the impact of text position, semantic content, and biased wording. Two empirical studies were conducted based on two tasks (predicting data trends and appraising bias) using two visualization types (bar and line charts). While the addition of text had a minimal effect on how people perceive data trends, there was a significant impact on how biased they perceive the authors to be. This finding revealed a relationship between the degree of bias in textual information and the perception of the authors' bias. Exploratory analyses support an interaction between a person's prediction and the degree of bias they perceived. This paper also develops a crowdsourced method for creating chart annotations that range from neutral to highly biased. This research highlights the need for designers to mitigate potential polarization of readers' opinions based on how authors' ideas are expressed.
Selecting appropriate visual encodings is critical to designing effective visualization recommendation systems, yet few findings from graphical perception are typically applied within these systems. We observe two significant limitations in translating graphical perception knowledge into actionable visualization recommendation rules/constraints: inconsistent reporting of findings and a lack of shared data across studies. How can we translate the graphical perception literature into a knowledge base for visualization recommendation? We present a review of 59 papers that study user perception an…
Data visualizations are standard tools for assessing and communicating risks. However, it is not always clear which designs are optimal or how encoding choices might influence risk perception and decision-making. In this paper, we report the findings of a large-scale gambling game that immersed participants in an environment where their actions impacted their bonuses. Participants chose to either enter a draw or receive guaranteed monetary gains based on five common visualization designs. By measuring risk perception and observing decision-making, we showed that icon arrays tended to elicit ec…
Many of the guidelines that inform how designers create data visualizations originate in studies that unintentionally exclude populations that are most likely to be among the 'data poor'. In this paper, we explore which factors may drive attention and trust in rural populations with diverse economic and educational backgrounds - a segment that is largely underrepresented in the data visualization literature. In 42 semi-structured interviews in rural Pennsylvania (USA), we find that a complex set of factors intermix to inform attitudes and perceptions about data visualization - including educat…
Graphical perception studies typically measure visualization encoding effectiveness using the error of an "average observer", leading to canonical rankings of encodings for numerical attributes: e.g., position > area > angle > volume. Yet different people may vary in their ability to read different visualization types, leading to variance in this ranking across individuals not captured by population-level metrics using "average observer" models. One way we can bridge this gap is by recasting classic visual perception tasks as tools for assessing individual performance, in addition to overall v…
Knowledge of human perception has long been incorporated into visualizations to enhance their quality and effectiveness. The last decade, in particular, has shown an increase in perception-based visualization research studies. With all of this recent progress, the visualization community lacks a comprehensive guide to contextualize their results. In this report, we provide a systematic and comprehensive review of research studies on perception related to visualization. This survey reviews perception-focused visualization studies since 1980 and summarizes their research developments focusing on…
We explore how the lens of fictional superpowers can help characterize how visualizations empower people and provide inspiration for new visualization systems. Researchers and practitioners often tout visualizations' ability to "make the invisible visible" and to "enhance cognitive abilities." Meanwhile superhero comics and other modern fiction often depict characters with similarly fantastic abilities that allow them to see and interpret the world in ways that transcend traditional human perception. We investigate the intersection of these domains, and show how the language of superpowers can…
Data visualizations are standard tools for assessing and communicating risks. However, it is not always clear which designs are optimal or how encoding choices might influence risk perception and decision-making. In this paper, we report the findings of a large-scale gambling game that immersed participants in an environment where their actions impacted their bonuses. Participants chose to either enter a lottery or receive guaranteed monetary gains based on five common visualization designs. By measuring risk perception and observing decision-making, we showed that icon arrays tended to elicit…
Paint by Odor: An Exploration of Odor Visualization through Large Language Model and Generative AI
Academy of Arts and Design, Tsinghua Unviersity（清华大学美术学院）；The Future Laboratory, Tsinghua University（清华大学未来实验室）；School of Digital Media and Design Arts, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学数字媒体与设计艺术学院）；School of Architecture, Tsinghua University（清华大学建筑学院）
Perception-aware Sampling for Scatterplot Visualizations
University of Massachusetts Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；University of Texas at San Antonio（德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校）；Adobe Research（Adobe 研究部门）；Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）
A Qualitative Analysis of Common Practices in Annotations: A Taxonomy and Design Space
University of Utah（犹他大学）；University of Oklahoma（俄克拉荷马大学）；University of South Florida（南佛罗里达大学）；University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校）
Interactive visual applications create animations that encode changes in the data. For example, cross-filtering dynamically updates linked visualizations based on the user's continuous brushing actions. The animated effects resulting from these interactions depends both on how interaction (e.g., brushing speed) controls properties of the animation such as frame rate, as well as how the data that is being explored dictates the data encoded in the animation. Past work has found that frame rate matters to general perception, however a critical question is which of these animation and data propert…
To support efficient, balanced news consumption, merging articles from diverse sources into one, potentially through crowdsourcing, could alleviate some hurdles. However, the merging process could also impact annotators' attitudes towards the content. To test this theory, we propose comparative news annotation, i.e., annotating similarities and differences between a pair of articles. By developing and deploying NewsComp -- a prototype system -- we conducted a between-subjects experiment(N=109) to examine how users' annotations compare to experts', and how comparative annotation affects users' …
Scatterplots are among the most widely used visualization techniques. Compelling scatterplot visualizations improve understanding of data by leveraging visual perception to boost awareness when performing specific visual analytic tasks. Design choices in scatterplots, such as graphical encodings or data aspects, can directly impact decision-making quality for low-level tasks like clustering. Hence, constructing frameworks that consider both the perceptions of the visual encodings and the task being performed enables optimizing visualizations to maximize efficacy. In this paper, we propose an a…
Misinformation has disruptive effects on our lives. Many researchers have looked into means to identify and combat misinformation in text or data visualization. However, there is still a lack of understanding of how misinformation can be introduced when text and visualization are combined to tell data stories, not to mention how to improve the lay public's awareness of possible misperceptions about facts in narrative visualization. In this paper, we first analyze where misinformation could possibly be injected into the production-consumption process of data stories through a literature survey.…
Enhanced Real-Time 6-DOF Extended Reality Catheter Tracking for Evaluating Potential Improvement in Efficiency, Precision, and Depth Perception for Cardiac Interventions
This paper investigates how unitizing affects external observers' annotation of group cohesion. We compared unitizing techniques belonging to these categories: interval coding, continuous coding, and a technique inspired by a cognitive theory on event perception. We applied such techniques for sampling coding units from a set of recordings of social interactions rich in behaviors related to cohesion. Then, we compared the cohesion scores the observers assigned to each coding unit. Results show that the three techniques can lead to suitable ratings and that the technique inspired to cognitive t…
User Perception of Attention Visualizations: Effects on Interpretability Across Evidence-Based Medical Documents
CENIA – Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial（CENIA – 国家人工智能中心）；Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile（天主教大学）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；KU Leuven（根特大学）
