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arXiv 2312.04085astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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原初黑洞对第一代恒星和星系形成的影响

Impact of primordial black holes on the formation of the first stars and galaxies

Boyuan Liu, Volker Bromm

AI总结:

结合半解析分析与宇宙学模拟,探讨原初黑洞对第一代恒星和星系形成的影响,发现恒星质量PBHs影响较小但超大质量PBHs可作为大质量结构种子。

摘要:

近期对双黑洞并合及随机引力波(GW)背景的引力波观测,重新激发了对恒星质量(约10-100太阳质量)和超大质量(约10^7-10^11太阳质量)区间原初黑洞(PBHs)的研究兴趣。尽管只需以PBH形式存在的暗物质(DM)的一小部分(≤1%)即可解释这些观测,但这些PBHs可能在早期结构/恒星/星系形成中发挥重要作用。在本章中,我们结合半解析分析和宇宙学模拟,探讨PBHs对第一代恒星和星系形成的潜在影响,并考虑了PBHs的两种(相互竞争的)效应:加速结构形成和黑洞吸积反馈导致的气体加热。我们发现,恒星质量PBHs(受现有观测约束允许的)对原初恒星形成的影响可能较小,尽管它们确实改变了第一代恒星形成晕/云的性质,并可能触发大质量黑洞的形成;而超大质量PBHs则作为大质量结构的种子,能够解释近期观测中星系明显过剩的现象。我们初步的模型和结果呼吁未来开展进一步研究,通过改进对PBHs、粒子暗物质和重子之间相互作用的建模,以更好地理解PBHs对早期恒星/星系/结构形成的影响及其在高红移观测中的印记。

英文摘要:

Recent gravitational wave (GW) observations of binary black hole (BH) mergers and the stochastic GW background have triggered renewed interest in primordial black holes (PBHs) in the stellar-mass ($\sim 10 - 100\ \rm M_\odot$) and supermassive regimes ($\sim 10^7 - 10^{11}\ \rm M_\odot$). Although only a small fraction ($\lesssim 1\%$) of dark matter (DM) in the form of PBHs is required to explain such observations, these PBHs may play important roles in early structure/star/galaxy formation. In this chapter, we combine semi-analytical analysis and cosmological simulations to explore the possible impact of PBHs on the formation of the first stars and galaxies, taking into account two (competing) effects of PBHs: acceleration of structure formation and gas heating by BH accretion feedback. We find that the impact of stellar-mass PBHs (allowed by existing observational constraints) on primordial star formation is likely minor, although they do alter the properties of the first star-forming halos/clouds and can potentially trigger the formation of massive BHs, while supermassive PBHs serve as seeds of massive structures that can explain the apparent overabundance of massive galaxies in recent observations. Our tentative models and results call for future studies with improved modeling of the interactions between PBHs, particle DM, and baryons to better understand the impact of PBHs on early star/galaxy/structure formation and their imprints in high-redshift observations.

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