利用哈勃空间望远镜测光对矮星系中小行星质量原初黑洞的限制
Constraints on asteroid-mass primordial black holes in dwarf galaxies using Hubble Space Telescope photometry
AI总结：
本研究利用哈勃空间望远镜对三个超暗矮星系的测光观测，发现恒星质量函数未被显著改变，从而对小行星质量原初黑洞作为暗物质的比例施加了限制。
摘要：
小行星质量范围的原初黑洞（PBHs）仍然是一个可行的且迄今为止未受限制的暗物质（DM）候选者。如果存在这样的 PBHs，它们可能会被低速度弥散的暗物质主导环境（如超暗矮星系，UFDs）中的恒星捕获。捕获概率随恒星质量增加而增大，被捕获的 PBHs 会迅速摧毁其宿主恒星。因此，UFDs 中 PBHs 的存在会改变其恒星质量函数。利用来自哈勃空间望远镜的三个超暗矮星系的测光观测，我们表明它们的质量函数不太可能已被 PBHs 显著改变，并且我们对 PBH 丰度施加了限制。在超暗矮星系 Triangulum II 中，排除了 $10^{19}$g 左右的 PBHs 在 $2\sigma$（$3\sigma$）置信水平上构成超过 $\sim55\\%$（$\sim78\\%$）暗物质的可能性，同时 PBHs 代表全部暗物质的可能性在 $3.7\sigma$ 水平上被排除。
英文摘要：
Primordial black holes (PBHs) in the asteroid-mass range remain a viable and until now unconstrained dark matter (DM) candidate. If such PBHs exist, they could be captured by stars in DM-dominated environments with low velocity dispersion such as ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). The capture probability increases with the stellar mass, and captured PBHs would rapidly destroy their host stars. As a result, the presence of PBHs in UFDs would alter their stellar mass functions. Using photometric observations of three ultra-faint dwarf galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope, we show that it is unlikely that their mass functions have been significantly modified by PBHs, and we place constraints on the PBH abundance. In the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Triangulum II, PBHs around $10^{19}$g are excluded at the $2σ$ ($3σ$) level from constituting more than $\sim55\%$ ($\sim78\%$) of the dark matter, while the possibility that PBHs represent the entirety of the DM is excluded at the $3.7σ$ level.
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