We investigate the impact of primordial mass segregation on the formation and evolution of dark star clusters (DSCs). Considering a wide range of initial conditions, we conducted $N$-body simulations of globular clusters (GCs) around the Milky Way. In particular, we assume a canonical IMF for all GCs without natal kicks for supernovae remnants, namely neutron stars or black holes. Our results demonstrate that clusters with larger degrees of primordial mass segregation reach their DSC phase earlier and spend a larger fraction of their dissolution time in such a phase, compared to clusters without mass segregation. In primordially segregated clusters, the maximum Galactocentric distance that the clusters can have to enter the DSC phase is almost twice that of the clusters without primordial mass segregation. Primordially segregated clusters evolve with a higher number of stellar mass black holes, accelerating energy creation in their central regions and consequently increasing evaporation rates and cluster sizes during dark phases. The simulations reveal that aggregating heavy components at the centre doubles the time spent in the dark phase. Additionally, the study identifies potential links between simulated dark clusters and initial conditions of Milky Way globular clusters, suggesting some may transition to dark phases before dissolution. Higher primordial mass segregation coefficients amplify the average binary black hole formation rate by 2.5 times, raising higher expectations for gravitational wave emissions.
Primordial Binary Stars, Mass segregation and Fractality Effects on the Early Evolution of Young Open Clusters
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg（海德堡大学天文学计算研究所）；Department of Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi（阿布扎比纽约大学物理系）；Center for Astrophysics and Space Science (CASS), New York University Abu Dhabi（阿布扎比纽约大学天体物理学与空间科学中心）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza, Universitá di Roma（罗马智慧大学物理系）；Department of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University（西交利物浦大学物理系）；Shanghai Key Laboratory for Astrophysics, Shanghai Normal University（上海师范大学天体物理重点实验室）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天文学中心）；Main Astronomical Observatory, National Academy of Scien（国家科学院主天文台）
The fingerprint of primordial mass segregation on the tidal tails of star clusters
Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)（基础科学高等研究院）；Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik (HISKP), Universität Bonn（波恩大学赫尔霍兹辐射与核物理研究所）；Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)（伊朗基础科学研究院）；Center for International Scientific studies and Collaborations (CISSC), Ministery of Science, Research and Technology（科技研究部国际科研合作中心）；Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学计算机与信息科学学院）
Self-Interacting Dark Matter with Mass Segregation: A Unified Explanation of Dwarf Cores and Small-Scale Lenses
Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院）
The ALMA Survey of Star Formation and Evolution in Massive Protoclusters with Blue Profiles (ASSEMBLE): Core Growth, Cluster Contraction, and Primordial Mass Segregation
Evolution of the stellar mass function in open clusters from a universal and unsegregated initial state
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University（南京大学天文与空间科学学院）；Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University, Ministry of Education（南京大学现代天文与天体物理教育部重点实验室）；Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University（希伯来大学拉卡物理学院天体物理学与行星科学中心）；Key Lab for Astrophysics, Shanghai（上海市天体物理重点实验室）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学物理学院）；CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area（中国空间站科学中心粤港澳大湾区分中心）
Cusp-to-core transition in low-mass dwarf galaxies induced by dynamical heating of cold dark matter by primordial black holes
我们进行了一系列高分辨率的$N$体模拟，以研究原始黑洞（PBH）形式的暗物质候选者是否可以解决低质量矮星系的尖核问题。如果低质量矮星系中的暗物质中有一部分由多边星系组成，而其余部分是冷暗物质，那么多边星系对冷暗物质的动力学加热将导致总暗物质轮廓的尖点到核心的转变。该机制适用于25-100 M $_{\sun}$质量窗口的PBH，与LIGO探测结果一致，但需要对总矮星系暗物质含量的1 $\%$的PBH质量分数的下限。尖点到核心的转变时间尺度在1到8 Gyr之间。这个时间尺度也是冷暗物质粒子与多光子带隙之间弛豫时间的常数倍，它取决于多光子带隙的质量、质量分数和初始密度分布的尺度半径。我们的结论是，暗物质的核心自然发生在晕组成的冷暗物质和PBH，而不需要调用重子过程。
X-ray signals converted from high-frequency gravitational waves emitted by spinning light primordial black hole dark matter
Kobe University（神户大学）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；SOKENDAI（综合研究大学院大学）；KEK（高能加速器研究机构）；Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（卡弗里宇宙物理学起源研究所（世界顶尖科学研究中心），东京大学宇宙边疆机构）
