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arXiv 2310.20135astro-ph.GA
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星系团内光与其宿主暗晕之间的联系:形成时间及不同渠道的贡献

The Connection between the Intracluster Light and its Host Halo: Formation Time and Contribution from Different Channels

Emanuele Contini, Jinsu Rhee, San Han, Seyoung Jeon, Sukyoung K. Yi

AI总结:

本研究将星系团内光与暗晕质量关系的分析扩展至更高红移,发现其分数弱依赖于暗晕质量,并揭示恒星剥离、并合及预处理是主要形成渠道,其中恒星剥离贡献约占总量的固定比例,且团内光形成与暗晕浓度和形成时间密切相关。

摘要:

我们将\cite{contini2023a}中提出的分析扩展到更高红移,最高至$z=2$,通过关注星系团内光(ICL)比例与暗晕质量之间的关系、其随红移的依赖性以及暗晕浓度和形成时间所扮演的角色,基于一个包含$13\lesssim \log M_{halo} \lesssim 15$的大型模拟星系群/星系团样本。此外,一个关键焦点是分离ICL形成的主要渠道对总量的相对贡献。在更高红移处,ICL比例对暗晕质量的依赖较弱,且与当前时刻相当,这与最近的观测结果一致。恒星剥离、并合和预处理是ICL形成的主要责任渠道,其中恒星剥离占ICL总量的$\sim 90\%$,与暗晕质量和红移无关。预处理是星系团吸积已形成ICL的重要过程。弥散成分形成得非常早,$z\sim 0.6$,其形成依赖于暗晕的浓度和形成时间,更集中且更早形成的暗晕比晚形成的暗晕更早组装其ICL。这一过程的效率与暗晕质量无关,但随红移降低而增加,这意味着恒星剥离随时间变得更加重要,因为浓度在增加。这突显了ICL与暗晕动力学状态之间的联系:具有更高弥散光比例的星系群/星系团更集中、更弛豫,并处于更先进的增长阶段。

英文摘要:

We extend the analysis presented in \cite{contini2023a} to higher redshifts, up to $z=2$, by focusing on the relation between the intracluster light (ICL) fraction and the halo mass, its dependence with redshift, role played by the halo concentration and formation time, in a large sample of simulated galaxy groups/clusters with $13\lesssim \log M_{halo} \lesssim 15$. Moreover, a key focus is to isolate the relative contributions provided by the main channels for the ICL formation to the total amount. The ICL fraction at higher redshift is weakly dependent on halo mass, and comparable with that at the present time, in agreement with recent observations. Stellar stripping, mergers and pre-processing are the major responsible channels of the ICL formation, with stellar stripping that accounts for $\sim 90\%$ of the total ICL, regardless of halo mass and redshift. Pre-processing is an important process for clusters to accrete already formed ICL. The diffuse component forms very early, $z\sim 0.6$, and its formation depends on both concentration and formation time of the halo, with more concentrated and earlier formed haloes that assemble their ICL earlier than later formed ones. The efficiency of this process is independent of halo mass, but increases with decreasing redshift, which implies that stellar stripping becomes more important with time as the concentration increases. This highlights the link between the ICL and the dynamical state of a halo: groups/clusters that have a higher fraction of diffuse light are more concentrated, relaxed and in an advanced stage of growth.

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