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arXiv 2204.02205astro-ph.GA
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星系群和星系团模拟中AGN反馈和团内介质沉淀之间的相互作用

The interplay between AGN feedback and precipitation of the intracluster medium in simulations of galaxy groups and clusters

Folkert S. J. Nobels, Joop Schaye, Matthieu Schaller, Yannick M. Bahé, Evgenii Chaikin

摘要:

利用高分辨率的流体动力学模拟研究了最亮的星系团星系、其超大质量黑洞(BH)和团内介质(ICM)之间的相互作用。我们创建的初始条件,ICM是在流体静力平衡的引力势从星系和NFW的暗物质晕。与热力学分布相关的两个自由参数确定了团簇气体分数和中心温度,其中后者可用于创建冷芯或非冷芯系统。我们的模拟包括辐射冷却,恒星形成,BH吸积,恒星和活动星系核(AGN)的反馈。尽管活动星系核反馈的能量是各向同性的热注入,但它会导致各向异性的外流和气泡的急剧上升。我们发现,BH吸积率(BHAR)是高度可变的,只有强烈相关的恒星形成率(SFR)和ICM时,它是平均超过$1~\rm Myr$。我们通常发现与理论沉淀框架很好的协议。在$10^{13}~\rm M_\odot$晕中,活动星系核的反馈使中央星系熄灭,并将冷核系统转变为非冷核系统。相比之下,更高质量的冷核星系团周期性地演化。高BHAR的发生将ICM的熵提高到冷却时间与局部动力学时间之比$t_{\rm cool}/t_{\rm dyn} > 10$的半径,从而抑制凝结,并在延迟后抑制BHAR。活动星系核反馈的相应减少使ICM冷却并变得不稳定,从而引发新一轮的高SFR和BHAR。

英文摘要:

Using high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters, we study the interaction between the brightest cluster galaxy, its supermassive black hole (BH) and the intracluster medium (ICM). We create initial conditions for which the ICM is in hydrostatic equilibrium within the gravitational potential from the galaxy and an NFW dark matter halo. Two free parameters associated with the thermodynamic profiles determine the cluster gas fraction and the central temperature, where the latter can be used to create cool-core or non-cool-core systems. Our simulations include radiative cooling, star formation, BH accretion, and stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. Even though the energy of AGN feedback is injected thermally and isotropically, it leads to anisotropic outflows and buoyantly rising bubbles. We find that the BH accretion rate (BHAR) is highly variable and only correlates strongly with the star formation rate (SFR) and the ICM when it is averaged over more than $1~\rm Myr$. We generally find good agreement with the theoretical precipitation framework. In $10^{13}~\rm M_\odot$ haloes, AGN feedback quenches the central galaxy and converts cool-core systems into non-cool-core systems. In contrast, higher-mass, cool-core clusters evolve cyclically. Episodes of high BHAR raise the entropy of the ICM out to the radius where the ratio of the cooling time and the local dynamical time $t_{\rm cool}/t_{\rm dyn} > 10$, thus suppressing condensation and, after a delay, the BHAR. The corresponding reduction in AGN feedback allows the ICM to cool and become unstable to precipitation, thus initiating a new episode of high SFR and BHAR.

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